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- Lundberg, Thomas, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
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New technology for road surface measurement : transverse profile and rut depth
- 2018
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The condition of the national coated road network is measured annually in Sweden and Finland. The measuring technology has been unchanged over a long period of time, which has its benefits. As the measurements are performed using the same technology, trends and measurement series are retained without any disruption. In addition, the technology currently used is reliable and can be procured at a price level that has fallen rather than risen over the years. The principal area of use for condition measurement is to provide maintenance work with an objective basis for the planning of surfacing, but when it is found that current objective condition data can only explain between 40 and 75 percent (depending on class of traffic) of the action actually taken on the road network, consideration must be given to whether new condition data need to be added. The information that is lacking is thought to be information on surface damage and cracks. This requires new measuring technology.If new technology will be adopted, for the collection of condition data, the dependability of the basic measured quantities must be ensured before new options and measured quantities are examined. This study is therefore focused only on transverse-profile measurement and measures of unevenness in the transverse direction (rut depth and ridge height).The study has examined two of the leading new technologies that operate with scanning lasers, LCMS from Pavemetrics and PPF from Fraunhofer. The outcome of the study shows that the technology is good, and that accuracy and repeatability are comparable to the present-day point-laser systems. It is also deemed possible to retain criteria and requirements for the procurement of measurement services when the new technology is used.
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| 2. |
- Lundberg, Thomas, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
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Ny teknik för vägytemätning : tvärprofil och spårdjup
- 2018
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I Sverige och Finland mäts tillståndet på det statliga belagda vägnätet årligen. Mättekniken har varit densamma under en lång tid vilket har sina fördelar. I och med att mätningarna utförs med samma mätteknik bibehålls trender och mätserier utan störningar. Den nuvarande tekniken är dessutom driftsäker och kan handlas upp till en prisnivå som genom åren snarare sjunkit än ökat. Det huvudsakliga användningsområdet för tillståndsmätningen är att förse underhållsverksamheten med ett objektivt underlag för beläggningsplaneringen, men när det visar sig att nuvarande objektiva tillståndsdata endast kan förklara mellan 40 och 75 procent (beroende av trafikklass) av de åtgärder som verkligen görs på vägnätet, måste det övervägas om denna ska kompletteras med nya tillståndsdata. Den information som saknas tros vara information om ytskador och sprickor. Detta kräver ny mätteknik.Om ny teknik ska börja anammas, för insamling av tillståndsdata, måste först de grundläggande mätstorheternas tillförlitlighet säkerställas, innan nya möjligheter och mätstorheter undersöks. Denna studie är därför endast inriktad på tvärprofilmätning och mått för ojämnhet i tvärled (spårdjup och spårrygg).I studien har två av de ledande nya teknikerna som arbetar med skannande laser undersökts, LCMS från Pavemetrics och PPS från Fraunhofer. Resultatet av studien visar att tekniken är bra, noggrannhet och repeterbarhet går att jämföra med de nuvarande punktlasersystemen. Kriterier och krav för upphandling av mättjänster där den nya tekniken används bedöms också kunna bibehållas.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Bergman, Ingrid-Maria, et al.
(författare)
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MBL1 genotypes in wild boar populations from Sweden, Austria, the Czech Republic and Japan
- 2013
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Ingår i: International Journal of Immunogenetics. - : Blackwell Publishing. - 1744-3121 .- 1744-313X. ; 40:2, s. 131-139
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) G949T in the mannose-binding lectin (MBL) 1 gene has been associated with low MBL-A concentration in serum and detected at different frequencies in various European pig populations. However, the origin of this SNP is not known. Part of the MBL1 gene was sequenced in 12 wild boar/Large White crossbred pigs from the second backcross (BC 2) generation in a family material originating from two wild boar x Large White intercrosses. Also, MBL-A serum concentration was measured in the entire BC 2 generation (n = 45). Furthermore, the genotypes of 68 wild boars from Sweden, Austria, the Czech Republic, and Japan were determined in regard to five previously described SNPs in MBL1. The T allele of G949T was present among the BC 2 animals. MBL-A serum concentration in the BC 2 animals showed a bimodal distribution, with one-third of the animals at levels between 0.7 and 1.6 μg mL−1 and the remaining pigs at levels around 13 μg mL−1. There was a co-variation between the presence of the T allele and low MBL-A concentration in serum. The genotyping of the wild boars revealed differences between populations. The T allele of G949T was not detected in the Austrian and Japanese samples and is thus unlikely to be an original feature of wild boars. In contrast, it was present at high frequency (0.35) among the Swedish wild boars, probably representing a founder effect. Five MBL1 haplotypes were resolved. Only two of these were present among the Japanese wild boars compared to four in each of the European populations. This difference may reflect differences in selection pressure and population history.
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| 5. |
- Berntman, Monica, et al.
(författare)
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Dimensionerande körfältsbredder - Slutrapport
- 2012
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This report presents the results from a study of 90 km/h rural roads, where the effects of narrow vs. wide lanes on deterioration, safety, winter maintenance etc have been studied. Empirical studies have been performed of lateral positioning and speed on 16 road objects that vary with regards to lane width (3.25m respectively 3.75m) and presence of guardrail (with or without), other parameters have been kept unvarying. The effect of oncoming traffic on lateral positioning has also been studied. The effect on winter maintenance has been studied through surveys to contractors. Results show that narrow lanes, in comparison to wide lanes, reduce the life span of the road by 10-15%, and leads to a higher lifecycle cost on the whole. When faced with an oncoming vehicle the driver carries his vehicle farther away from the centerline, on average 2 to 30 cm depending on the situation and road design. No difference in accident risk has been observed between the two widths. An increased width results in higher demands on winter maintenance, but the effects are small compared to other influencing factors.
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| 6. |
- Denk, Stephanie, et al.
(författare)
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Complement C5a Functions as a Master Switch for the pH Balance in Neutrophils Exerting Fundamental Immunometabolic Effects
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Immunology. - : The American Association of Immunologists. - 0022-1767 .- 1550-6606. ; 198:12, s. 4846-4854
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- During sepsis, excessive activation of the complement system with generation of the anaphylatoxin C5a results in profound disturbances in crucial neutrophil functions. Moreover, because neutrophil activity is highly dependent on intracellular pH (pH(i)), we propose a direct mechanistic link between complement activation and neutrophil pHi. In this article, we demonstrate that in vitro exposure of human neutrophils to C5a significantly increased pHi by selective activation of the sodium/hydrogen exchanger. Upstream signaling of C5a-mediated intracellular alkalinization was dependent on C5aR1, intracellular calcium, protein kinase C, and calmodulin, and downstream signaling regulated the release of antibacterial myeloperoxidase and lactoferrin. Notably, the pH shift caused by C5a increased the glucose uptake and activated glycolytic flux in neutrophils, resulting in a significant release of lactate. Furthermore, C5a induced acidification of the extracellular micromilieu. In experimental murine sepsis, pHi of blood neutrophils was analogously alkalinized, which could be normalized by C5aR1 inhibition. In the clinical setting of sepsis, neutrophils from patients with septic shock likewise exhibited a significantly increased pHi. These data suggest a novel role for the anaphylatoxin C5a as a master switch of the delicate pHi balance in neutrophils resulting in profound inflammatory and metabolic changes that contribute to hyperlactatemia during sepsis.
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| 8. |
- Ekdahl, Peter
(författare)
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Deterioration Models and Road Capital as Tools in Performance Contracts for Pavement Maintenance
- 2000
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A reorganization of the Swedish National Road Administration (SNRA) has urged a demand to work as a professional agency only, without any work by direct labor. This structure has enforced a change in how to handle the pavement maintenance and performance contracts are being promoted since they encourage product development and sustainability. Furthermore, SNRA desires to use the road network as a condition-related asset in bookkeeping. The study has two main objectives: 1. Define road capital in two ways: i/using both society and investment costs and ii/ using merely the investment costs 2. Suggest how to apply the term road capital in performance contracts for pavement maintenance (in appliance with previous studies of performance contracts), and suggest how road capital may be applicable in bookkeeping as a performance related asset for a road network. The study is based on three cornerstones, namely road economy, performance contracts and deterioration models. Road economy and performance contracts have mainly been studied through literature reviews. The refinement lies in how to choose functional demands that reflect an optimization of a road’s value for society. A long-term sustainability demands a conception of the future pavement performance, which is why the third cornerstone is a study showing the precision in performance prediction models. A sensitivity analysis show how a natural variation in input data may affect the deterioration rate and what types of input data that have greatest influence on the deterioration rate. A validation analysis (with data from the MnROAD-project in USA) displays the precision to expect in deterioration models. Road capital for maintenance planing is defined as a minimization of the area under a cost/time graph over a pavement’s service life. Consequently, this is no absolute definition. Only the relative difference is of interest. Functional demands are determined by the deterioration rate inherent in every solution in maintenance optimization. For regulation of performance contracts there is a bonus/deduction system where the flexible part of the payment is defined by the difference in yearly costs between the actual measured case and what has been agreed on in the contract over the prescribed service life. The precision in performance prediction after calibration is in the range of on to two years, which may be considered as sufficient. For bookkeeping road capital has been defined as the investment cost decreased by the cost for needed maintenance due to deterioration.
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| 9. |
- Ekdahl, Peter
(författare)
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Educative Moments. : Rethorics and Realities
- 2002
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The concepts learning processes, gestalting and digital technology are closely associated with most people’s personal experiences in life and thus constitute significant ideas about their hopes, dreams and life content. The concepts are context-dependent and ought therefore to be studied from several interdisciplinary perspectives. To this end and to limit the scope of my thesis, I have chosen to study them from two vantage points – from the perspective of the Blekinge region of Sweden and from a third-world perspective. The reason I have chosen these two angles is that studying these concepts on the local level provides the necessary closeness, while considering them in a third-world perspective provides the necessary distance. In order to illustrate the complexity of the concepts, I have chosen to study both the rhetorical level – the narratives, the dreams and the hopes – and people’s actual experiences, i.e. the realities, hence the dialectical title of the thesis. “The educative moment” is the rare moment when rhetorics and realities coincide. When traditions and changes together cause renewal on an individual or collective level, the conditions are created for human beings to be able to see themselves and their relations in a new light.
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