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| 2. |
- Gylle, A Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Desiccation and salinity effects on marine and brackhish Fucus vesiculosus L. (Phaeophyceae).
- 2009
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Ingår i: Phycologia. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0031-8884 .- 2330-2968. ; 48:3, s. 156-164
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Ecotypes of Fucus vesiculosus L. from the Norwegian Sea (34 psu, marine ecotype) and Bothnian Sea (5 psu, brackish ecotype) have been compared with respect to the ability to withstand desiccation at different temperatures (0, 10, and 20°C). The aim was also to investigate the importance of salinity and light for the availably energy reserves, osmotic adjustment, and pigment content. The maximum quantum yield of photosystem II photochemistry (Fv/Fm) values revealed that the marine ecotype was more able to resist desiccation. The brackish algae showed a decrease in Fv/Fm as a response to desiccation at all temperatures, but the decrease was most pronounced at 20°C. The brackish ecotype recovered from desiccation within 5 h only when treated at 0°C. When the two ecotypes were treated at different levels of salinity in darkness and light, the results suggested that both salinity and irradiance are main factors in the differences in mannitol content between the two ecotypes. Chlorophyll (Chl) measurements showed 25% higher Chl α and 60% higher Chl c in the brackish ecotype in comparison to the marine ecotype. Darkness had a more pronounced effect on the Chl content than the salinity and initiated an increase in the amount of Chl, especially Chl c in the brackish ecotype.
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| 3. |
- Gylle, A. Maria, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
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Photosynthesis and relative amounts of photosynthetic proteins (D1, PsaA and Rubisco) in marine and brackish water ecotypes of Fucus vesiculosus and Fucus radicans (Phaeophyceae) : Photosynthesis and proteins in Fucus
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This study investigated if the photosynthetic maximum capacity (Pmax) is related to the relative amounts of D1 (PsbA), PsaA proteins and ribulose-1.5-bisphosphate carboxylase/ oxygenase (Rubisco) in the marine, Norwegian Sea (34-35 practical salinity units, psu) and the brackish, Bothnian Sea (4-5 psu) ecotypes of Fucus vesiculosus and in Fucus radicans. The results revealed higher Pmax in the marine ecotype of F. vesiculosus compared to the brackish Fucus species. The relative amounts of PsaA proteins or D1/PsaA (photosystem II/photosystem I; PSII/PSI) ratio did not indicate any differences between the Fucus strains whereas the relative amount of D1 was higher in the marine F. vesiculosus compared to F. radicans. The PSII/PSI ratios confirm an overweight of PSI in all three Fucus strains. The analyses of the relative amount of Rubisco indicated a greater amount in both ecotypes of F. vesiculosus compared to F. radicans, whereas no differences could be detected between the two ecotypes of F. vesiculosus. Therefore, we suggest that the amount of Rubisco contributed to the differences of Pmax between the marine ecotype of F. vesiculosus and F. radicans. The lower Pmax in the brackish ecotype of F. vesiculosus compared to the marine ecotype however must have another origin and we suggest further investigations of the CO2 fixation rate of Rubisco. The study also included an investigation of the effects of salinity on Pmax and the relative amount of D1, PsaA and Rubisco in the brackish ecotype of F. vesiculosus. Treatment of the algae for one week in 5, 10, 20 and 35 psu resulted in a higher Pmax at higher salinities and a maximum at 10 psu. These results were not reflected in the amount of D1 or Rubisco whereas analyses of the amount of PsaA revealed the highest amount of PsaA in algae treated in 10 psu. We suggest a need of more ATP by cyclic ATP formation to supply a greater Rubisco activity as an explanation.
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| 4. |
- Gylle, A Maria, 1965-
(författare)
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Physiological adaptations in two ecotypes of Fucus vesiculosus and in Fucus radicans with focus on salinity
- 2011
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The in origin intertidal marine brown alga Fucus vesiculosus L. grow permanently sublittoral in the brackish Bothnian Sea, side by side with the recently discovered F. radicans L. Bergström et L. Kautsky. Environmental conditions like salinity, light and temperature are clearly different between F. vesiculosus growth sites in the Bothnian Sea (4-5 practical salinity units, psu; part of the Baltic Sea) and the tidal Norwegian Sea (34-35 psu; part of the Atlantic Ocean). The general aims of this thesis were to compare physiological aspects between the marine ecotype and the brackish ecotype of F. vesiculosus as well as between the two Bothnian Sea species F. vesiculosus and F. radicans.The result in the study indicates a higher number of water soluble organic compounds in the marine ecotype of F. vesiculosus compared to the brackish ecotype. These compounds are suggested to be compatible solutes and be due to an intertidal and sublittoral adaptation, respectively; where the intertidal ecotype needs the compounds as a protection from oxygen radicals produced during high irradiation at low tide. The sublittoral ecotype might have lost the ability to synthesize these compound/compounds due to its habitat adaptation. The mannitol content is also higher in the marine ecotype compared to the brackish ecotype of F. vesiculosus and this is suggested to be due to both higher level of irradiance and higher salinity at the growth site.77 K fluorescence emission spectra and immunoblotting of D1 and PsaA proteins indicate that both ecotypes of F. vesiculosus as well as F. radicans have an uneven ratio of photosystem II/photosystem I (PSII/PSI) with an overweight of PSI. The fluorescence emission spectrum of the Bothnian Sea ecotype of F. vesiculosus however, indicates a larger light-harvesting antenna of PSII compared to the marine ecotype of F. vesiculosus and F. radicans. Distinct differences in 77 K fluorescence emission spectra between the Bothnian Sea ecotype of F. vesiculosus and F. radicans confirm that this is a reliable method to use to separate these species.The marine ecotype of F. vesiculosus has a higher photosynthetic maximum (Pmax) compared to the brackish ecotype of F. vesiculosus and F. radicans whereas both the brackish species have similar Pmax. A reason for higher Pmax in the marine ecotype of F. vesiculosus compared to F. radicans is the greater relative amount of ribulose-1.5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco). The reason for higher Pmax in marine ecotype of F. vesiculosus compare to the brackish ecotype however is not due to the relative amount of Rubisco and further studies of the rate of CO2 fixation by Rubisco is recommended. Treatments of the brackish ecotype of F. vesiculosus in higher salinity than the Bothnian Sea natural water indicate that the most favourable salinity for high Pmax is 10 psu, followed by 20 psu. One part of the explanation to a high Pmax in 10 psu is a greater relative amount of PsaA protein in algae treated in 10 psu. The reason for greater amount of PsaA might be that the algae need to produce more ATP, and are able to have a higher flow of cyclic electron transport around PSI to serve a higher rate of CO2 fixation by Rubisco. However, studies of the rate of CO2 fixation by Rubisco in algae treated in similar salinities as in present study are recommended to confirm this theory.
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- Pettersson, Madonna, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of the herbicides roundup and avans on Euglena gracilis
- 2006
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Ingår i: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0090-4341 .- 1432-0703. ; 50:2, s. 175-181
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Glyphosate is the active ingredient in a range of widely used herbicides. The aim of this work is to evaluate the effects of two commercial herbicides, Roundup and Avans, on the motility, velocity, and gravitactic orientation of the aquatic flagellate Euglena gracilis. An early warning system, called ECOTOX, has been used for monitoring the different parameters of movement. The motility was not affected by Roundup and Avans after short period tests (0, 30, and 60 s). However, gravitactic orientation of the cells was affected at concentrations of 1.25 g l(-1) and above when treated with Avans, whereas treatments with Roundup showed no specific changes after short period tests. Velocity of the cells was affected by both herbicides, but the effects of Avans were shown to occur at lower concentrations in comparison to Roundup. Avans showed lower no observable effect concentration (NOEC) values in comparison to Roundup for the different parameters after short period tests. After long period (7 days) tests, NOEC values were similar except for the upward swimming, where Avans had a NOEC value of 100 mu g l(-1) and Roundup 200 mu g l(-1). The results demonstrate that Avans containing trimethylsulfonium salt of glyphosate is more toxic to E. gracilis than Roundup, which contained isopropylamine salt of glyphosate.
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