| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
- Ddiba, Daniel, 1990-, et al.
(författare)
-
A review of how decision support tools address resource recovery in sanitation systems
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Globally, there is increasing interest in recovering resources from sanitation systems. However, the process of planning and implementing circular sanitation is complex and can necessitate software-based tools to support decision-making. In this paper, we review 24 decision support software tools used for sanitation planning, to generate insights into how they address resource recovery across the sanitation chain. The findings reveal that several tools can address many planning issues around resource recovery in sanitation including analysis of material flows, estimating resource recovery potential and assessing the sustainability, demand and acceptability of resource recovery technologies and products, at various planning stages. The results presented here can guide users in the choice of different tools depending on, for example, what kind of impacts the user is interested in, the stage of the planning process and the sanitation service that are in focus. However, some issues are not adequately covered by the tools including the assessment of the overall level of resource circularity in a sanitation system, the selection of resource recovery products with significant demand in a way that matches the available supply of waste streams in an area and determining the sustainability implications of the use phase of resource recovery products. While there is scope to develop new tools or to modify existing ones to cover these gaps, communication efforts are needed to create awareness about existing tools and how they address resource recovery. It is also important to further integrate the available tools into urban planning processes to move them beyond research and pilots into practice, and hopefully contribute towards more circular sanitation systems.
|
|
| 3. |
- Ddiba, Daniel, 1990-
(författare)
-
Exploring the circular economy of urban organic waste in sub-Saharan Africa: opportunities and challenges
- 2020
-
Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Globally, there is increasing awareness of the importance of applying circular economy principles to the management of organic waste streams through resource recovery. In the urban areas of sub-Saharan Africa which are going to host a significant part of population growth over the next three decades, this is especially relevant. Circular economy approaches for sanitation and waste management can provide incentives to improve infrastructure and consequently contribute resources for water, energy and food that power urban livelihoods. This thesis is situated at the intersection of the circular economy on one hand and sanitation and waste management systems on the other. It aims to contribute to knowledge about the circular economy by investigating the potential contribution of resource-oriented urban sanitation and waste management towards the implementation of a circular economy in sub-Saharan Africa and the opportunities and challenges thereof.In pursuit of the above aim, the thesis employs a mixed methods approach and is operationalized in two case study locations: Kampala (Uganda) and Naivasha (Kenya). The findings reveal the quantities of resource recovery products like biogas, compost and black soldier fly larvae that can be obtained from the organic waste streams collected in a large city, demonstrate the viability of valorizing dried faecal sludge as a solid fuel for industrial applications, and identify the factors that facilitate or impede the governance capacity to implement circular economy approaches to the management of organic waste streams in urban areas in sub-Saharan Africa. The methods used for quantifying the potential for valorizing organic waste streams and for assessing governance capacity demonstrate approaches that could be applied in other urban contexts with interest in implementing circular economy principles. The discussion highlights some key implications of these findings for sanitation and waste management practices, arguing that it is time for a shift in sub-Saharan Africa from designing sanitation and waste management systems for disposal to designing them for resource recovery.
|
|
| 4. |
- Ddiba, Daniel Isaac Waya, 1990-, et al.
(författare)
-
A review of how decision support tools address resource recovery in sanitation systems
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0301-4797 .- 1095-8630. ; 342
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Globally, there is increasing interest in recovering resources from sanitation systems. However, the process of planning and implementing circular sanitation is complex and can necessitate software-based tools to support decision-making. In this paper, we review 24 decision support software tools used for sanitation planning, to generate insights into how they address resource recovery across the sanitation chain. The findings reveal that the tools can address many planning issues around resource recovery in sanitation including analysis of material flows, integrating resource recovery technologies and products in the design of sanitation systems, and assessing the sustainability implications of resource recovery. The results and recommendations presented here can guide users in the choice of different tools depending on, for example, what kind of tool features and functions the user is interested in as well as the elements of the planning process and the sanitation service chain that are in focus. However, some issues are not adequately covered and need improvements in the available tools including quantifying the demand for and value of resource recovery products, addressing retrofitting of existing sanitation infrastructure for resource recovery and assessing social impacts of resource recovery from a life cycle perspective. While there is scope to develop new tools or to modify existing ones to cover these gaps, communication efforts are needed to create awareness about existing tools, their functions and how they address resource recovery. It is also important to further integrate the available tools into infrastructure planning and programming processes by e.g. customizing to relevant planning regimes and procedures, to move them beyond research and pilots into practice, and hopefully contribute towards more circular sanitation systems.
|
|
| 5. |
- Ddiba, Daniel Isaac Waya, 1990-, et al.
(författare)
-
Governing the circular economy : Assessing the capacity to implement resource-oriented sanitation and waste management systems in low- and middle-income countries
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Earth System Governance. - : Elsevier BV. - 2589-8116. ; 4, s. 100063-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Transitioning to a circular economy requires strategic investments in infrastructure, but it also requires policy coherence, coordination and collaboration among stakeholders across sectors and governance levels. In this paper, we aimed to identify the factors that facilitate or impede governance capacity to adopt circularity in the form of resource recovery from urban organic waste streams. We conducted a literature review and semi-structured interviews using the ‘Governance Capacity Framework’ in a case study of Naivasha, Kenya. Our findings emphasize the importance of leadership from the public sector in co-developing visionary strategies for circularity and using their convening power to facilitate cross-sectoral collaboration. Moreover, we identify a need for bridging theoretical circular economy concepts to initiatives in local communities of practice. The insights in this paper are relevant for advancing the understanding of challenges for governance of the circular economy especially in low-and middle-income country contexts.
|
|
| 6. |
- Ddiba, Daniel Isaac Waya, 1990-, et al.
(författare)
-
Sustainability assessment of increased circularity of urban organic waste streams
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Sustainable Production and Consumption. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-5509. ; 34, s. 114-129
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The circular economy, from an urban organic waste perspective, is seen as an approach to deal with increasing waste streams, while contributing to meeting the increasing demand for water, energy, food and other resources in urban areas. However, there is need for a systematic assessment of the broader environmental and social ben-efits and trade-offs of resource recovery from organic waste streams. This paper presents a framework for assessing the societal impacts of increased circularity in terms of resource recovery from organic waste streams at city scale, building on the design of alternative scenarios for future technology systems. The framework was developed based on a literature review of current frameworks in the area, adapting and combining some of their aspects and adding required features to allow for a broad sustainability assessment. It was also informed by stakeholder interviews. The framework was applied to the case of Naivasha, Kenya to illustrate its applicability and usefulness. The outcome of the application in the Naivasha case indicate potential sustainability improve-ments from increased circularity, where resource recovery could lead to a reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, more efficient natural resource usage and job creation. It indicated also some risks of negative impacts on the health of workers in resource recovery facilities, and, in this specific case, negative impact on smallholder farmers. The framework proved applicable and useful in the case study, and hence could provide input at early stages of planning even with low availability of data. Thereby it could provide policy-relevant insights towards circular economy implementation approaches that harness the benefits while mitigating any identified potential negative impacts.
|
|
| 7. |
- Ddiba, Daniel, 1990-
(författare)
-
Implementing resource recovery from urban organic waste in low- and middle-income countries : Tools to support planners and policy makers
- 2022
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Globally, there is increasing awareness of the importance of applying circular economy principles to the management of organic waste streams through resource recovery. This is especially relevant in urban areas of low- and middle-income countries which are going to host a significant part of population growth over the next few decades. Circular economy approaches for sanitation and waste management can provide incentives to improve infrastructure and consequently contribute resources for water, energy and food that power urban livelihoods. This thesis aims to contribute new knowledge, methods and tools that are applicable as decision support for the planning and implementation of circular approaches to the management of organic waste streams. The research questions in the thesis focus on three aspects of resource recovery from organic waste streams; (1) how decision support tools estimate its potential to contribute to a circular economy, (2) the governance conditions that facilitate or impede its implementation, and (3) its sustainability implications. The research in this thesis employed a mixed methods approach including literature reviews, semi-structured interviews, field observations, workshops, quantitative modelling, diagnostic governance assessment, scenarios as well as quantitative and qualitative sustainability assessment. The research was operationalized in three case study locations: Chía (Colombia), Kampala (Uganda) and Naivasha (Kenya). The findings reveal the quantities of resource recovery products like biogas, compost and black soldier fly larvae that can be obtained from the organic waste streams collected in a large city, as well as the available decision support tools that can be used to address various aspects of resource recovery in sanitation systems. In the case study locations of Naivasha and Chía, the existence of entrepreneurial initiatives for resource recovery, the available platforms for collaboration among relevant local stakeholders and the relative affordability of resource recovery products are highlighted as factors enhancing governance capacity to implement resource recovery from organic streams. On the other hand, the inadequacy of monitoring and evaluation systems and the relatively low availability and transparency of information emerged as some of the factors impeding governance capacity. Through a framework that is developed and applied to the Naivasha case, the thesis also identifies the environmental gains that can be made from implementing resource recovery from organic waste streams, as well as the potential negative social impacts that need to be mitigated by local stakeholders. The extent to which various decision support tools address the sustainability implications of resource recovery from sanitation systems is also discussed.By providing new insights on resource recovery from organic waste streams in the case study locations, the tools and frameworks in this research demonstrate approaches that can be applied in a policy and practice context to offer decision support for the implementation of resource recovery from organic waste streams. This is particularly relevant for urban areas in low- and middle-income countries whose stakeholders wish to explore the potential of resource recovery from their organic waste streams, to undertake a diagnostic assessment of their governance capacity and to assess the sustainability implications of implementing more circular approaches in their sanitation and waste management systems.
|
|
| 8. |
- Ddiba, Daniel, 1990-, et al.
(författare)
-
Sustainability assessment of increased circularity of urban organic waste streams – with a case on Naivasha, Kenya
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- From an urban organic waste perspective, the circular economy is often seen as an approach to achieve dual outcomes: dealing with increasing waste streams while contributing to meeting the increasing demand for water, energy, food and other resources in urban areas. As the discourse on the circular economy moves from concept to implementation, there is need for assessing the environmental, social and economic benefits and trade-offs of both proposed and implemented strategies, policies, programs and projects for resource recovery from organic waste streams. This paper presents a framework with both conceptual and procedural aspects for assessing the societal impacts of alternative scenarios for resource recovery from organic waste streams at city scale. The framework was applied to the case of Naivasha, Kenya to illustrate its utility in assessing the environmental and social impacts associated with alternative scenarios that involve increasing circularity in the management of organic waste streams. The results highlighted that increasing circularity could potentially lead to a reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, more efficient natural resource usage and job creation, while at the same time leading to impacts on the health of workers in resource recovery facilities and a risk of reduced access to irrigation water for smallholder farmers. The framework also proved a useful way to identify potential positive and negative impacts linked to alternative scenarios and hence provide input at early stages of planning even with low availability of data. It is therefore expected that the framework and case study results could provide policy-relevant insights towards circular economy implementation approaches that harness the benefits while mitigating any identified potential negative impacts.
|
|
| 9. |
- Ekener, Elisabeth, 1963-, et al.
(författare)
-
Developing Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment methodology by applying values-based sustainability weighting - Tested on biomass based and fossil transportation fuels
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Journal of Cleaner Production. - : Elsevier BV. - 0959-6526 .- 1879-1786. ; 181, s. 337-351
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The production and use of transportation fuels can lead to sustainability impacts. Assessing them simultaneously in a holistic way is a challenge. This paper examines methodology for assessing the sustainability performance of products in a more integrated way, including a broad range of social impacts. Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment (LCSA) methodology is applied for this assessment. LSCA often constitutes of the integration of results from social LCA (S-LCA), environmental life cycle assessment (E-LCA) and life cycle costing (LCC). In this study, an S-LCA from an earlier project is extended with a positive social aspect, as well as refined and detailed. E-LCA and LCC results are built from LCA database and literature. Multi Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) methodology is applied to integrate the results from the three different assessments into an LCSA. The weighting of key sustainability dimensions in the MCDA is performed in different ways, where the sustainability dimensions are prioritized differently priority based on the assumed values of different stakeholder profiles (Egalitarian, Hierarchist, and Individualist). The developed methodology is tested on selected biomass based and fossil transportation fuels - ethanol produced from Brazilian sugarcane and US corn/maize, and petrol produced from Russian and Nigerian crude oils, where it delineates differences in sustainability performance between products assessed. The outcome in terms of relative ranking of the transportation fuel chains based on sustain ability performance differs when applying different decision-maker profiles. This result highlights and supports views that there is no one single answer regarding which of the alternatives that is most sustainable. Rather, it depends strongly upon the worldview and values held by the decision maker. A key conclusion is that sustainability assessments should pay more attention to potential differences in underlying values held by key stakeholders in relevant societal contexts. The LCSA methodology still faces challenges regarding results integration but MCDA in combination with stakeholder profiles appears to be a useful approach to build on further.
|
|
| 10. |
|
|
