| 1. |
- Botwid, Katarina, et al.
(författare)
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Use traces on crucibles and tuyères? : An archaeological experiment in ancient metallurgy
- 2016
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Ingår i: Prehistoric pottery across the Baltic : regions, influences and methods - regions, influences and methods. - 0143-3067. - 9781407314631 ; 2785, s. 21-28
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- To what extent can we identify sites where metallurgy has been conducted by studying the ceramic residue found at the site? Ceramic tools used for metal casting, such as crucibles, claymoulds and tuyères- so called ‘technical ceramics' - are often used as indicators of metalcrafts.Their often vitrified and sintered appearance is, on many occasions, used as traits of identification.This article discusses a crucible and a tuyère that show no clear traces of vitrification, and whether or not the objects should be disregarded as technical ceramics. By building reconstructions of these two objects and testing them in an archaeological experiment, we have been able to study the traces of use on the reconstruction and compare them to the two artefacts. In this article we argue that signs of use, such as vitrification and sintering, are not always present on used tuyères and crucibles and that we should also try to look for other signs of use when classifying archaeological materials as technical ceramics.
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| 2. |
- Eklöv Pettersson, Paul, et al.
(författare)
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A possible explanation for the presence of calcium and phosphorus in melting crucibles
- 2016
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Ingår i: HMS The crucible. ; 91:1, s. 4-5
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This text focuses on the presence of calcium and phosphorus in connection with copper-alloy residue on the inside of melting crucibles from south Sweden dated to the late Bronze Age (ca. 1100 - 500 BC). The increase of Ca and P on the crucibles is not seen in general or overall but instead observed as a relative increase only on the inside were the metal was melted. The authors of this article wish to present a possible explanation for this different from that of earlier studies on this matter.
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| 3. |
- Eklöv Pettersson, Paul, et al.
(författare)
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Analyses of crucibles from southern and western Sweden using handheld XRF
- 2013
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Ingår i: Naturwissenschaftliche Analysen vor- und frühgeschichtlicher Keramik III : Methoden, Anwendungsbereiche, Auswertungsmöglichkeiten - Methoden, Anwendungsbereiche, Auswertungsmöglichkeiten. - 9783774938571 ; 238, s. 69-79
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this article some initial results from the projects "Bronsildems deglar" (en. "Bronze Age melting crucibles") and "Deglarna frin Bokenäs" (en. "The crucibles from Bokenäs") are presented. The aim of the projects is to expand our knowledge of the production, use and discard of technical ceramics in south Sweden using laboratory analysis. This article describes the results and conclusions made by analysing two materials (Löderup and Bokenäs) with the help of a handheld XRF. In the material from Löderup (a grave dated to the late Bronze Age - early Iron Age) the elements that are detected within the clay used for household pottery are in one case similar to those in the clay used for crucibles and clay moulds for melting/casting metal and in another case dissimilar. The clays used for the mould and crucible seem to be more or less the same according to the analysis. The Bokenäs material (consisting of 6 crucible sherds) is according to the results from the XRF analysis made of the same clay. Even though the two find materials are separated geographically, chronologically and quantitatively they have one common feature: high amounts of Ca in the crucibles. The occurence of this element shows a connection with the presence of the traces of Cu-alloy found on the crucible sherds. The first conclusion that is made in this study is that the XRF-results so far show us that choice of clay for technical ceramics may, or may not be the same as the raw material for household pottery. In this case it varies even within the same context. The second is that the Ca value clearly seems to have a connection with the presence of Cu-alloy traces.
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| 4. |
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| 7. |
- Eklöv Pettersson, Paul
(författare)
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Deglarna från Broåsen
- 2011
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 8. |
- Eklöv Pettersson, Paul
(författare)
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Mörrums konservfabrik, Atlantic
- 2012. - 2012
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Ingår i: Carlshamniana. - 0283-7862. ; , s. 133-148
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Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- en industrihistorisk inventering av Konserverings AB. Atlantic, Mörrum
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| 9. |
- Eklöv Pettersson, Paul
(författare)
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På jakt efter den legering som flytt
- 2014
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- en studie av legeringsmetaller använda för Cu-legeringar i Skåne under perioden yngre bronsålder-äldre järnålder
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| 10. |
- Eklöv Pettersson, Paul
(författare)
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Social Status through Crucibles
- 2012
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Ingår i: Lund Archaeological Review. - 1401-2189. ; 18, s. 35-44
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper focuses on Bronze Age melting crucibles in southern Scandinavia. The shape and purpose of the crucibles have long been known, but the process of making one has not been studied thoroughly. The crucibles have in some cases been reconstructed in order to replicate the casting process or the finished product, but have rarely been the main subject of research. In this paper crucibles found in Broåsen, Grimeton parish in Halland (southern Sweden), are studied. The aim of the study is to investigate the level of skill of the person who made the crucibles. In turn, this can help us understand the social status of the craftsperson. Experiments have shown that crucibles similar to the ones found at Broåsen have a “life expectancy” of at least 20 castings. Since traces of use on the Broåsen crucibles correspond to those on the crucibles used in the experiments, we have to regard the (Broåsen) crucibles as items that were used for multiple castings. This also tells us that there were in this case skilled craftspeople working with crucible production. We may also speculate about the status in society these people would have had because of their skill in making durable tools used in the bronze casting process. When compared to other material in southern Scandinavia it is clear that the quality of the crucibles varies, as does the number of times they were used. Different people with different levels of technological skill and different status in society were therefore connected to this craft. It is possible that it was the casters themselves, the local potter or some other group in society, that made the crucibles; this would differ between contexts.
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