| 1. |
- Almqvist, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
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Synthesis of Optically Active endo, endo Bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2,5- diol, Bicyclo[2.2.2]octan-2,5-dione and Related Compounds
- 1996
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Ingår i: Journal of Organic Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1520-6904 .- 0022-3263. ; 61:11, s. 3794-3798
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Optically active C-2-symmetric (1S,2S,4S,5S)-bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2,5-diol ((+)-12; 98% ee) and several selectivity protected optically active intermediates useful for synthetic transformations were synthesized via a 1,2-carbonyl transposition route starting from the easily available optically active (1R,4S,6S)-6-hydroxybicyclo[2.2.2]octan-2-one ((-)-2). The synthetic route also allowed the preparation of optically active (1S,4S)-bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2,5-dione ((+)-14; 98% ee).
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| 2. |
- Bergemalm, Daniel, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Systemic Inflammation in Preclinical Ulcerative Colitis
- 2021
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Ingår i: Gastroenterology. - : AGA Institute. - 0016-5085 .- 1528-0012. ; 161:5, s. 1526-1539.e9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background & Aims: Preclinical ulcerative colitis is poorly defined. We aimed to characterize the preclinical systemic inflammation in ulcerative colitis, using a comprehensive set of proteins.Methods: We obtained plasma samples biobanked from individuals who developed ulcerative colitis later in life (n = 72) and matched healthy controls (n = 140) within a population-based screening cohort. We measured 92 proteins related to inflammation using a proximity extension assay. The biologic relevance of these findings was validated in an inception cohort of patients with ulcerative colitis (n = 101) and healthy controls (n = 50). To examine the influence of genetic and environmental factors on these markers, a cohort of healthy twin siblings of patients with ulcerative colitis (n = 41) and matched healthy controls (n = 37) were explored.Results: Six proteins (MMP10, CXCL9, CCL11, SLAMF1, CXCL11 and MCP-1) were up-regulated (P < .05) in preclinical ulcerative colitis compared with controls based on both univariate and multivariable models. Ingenuity Pathway Analyses identified several potential key regulators, including interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor, interferon-gamma, oncostatin M, nuclear factor-κB, interleukin-6, and interleukin-4. For validation, we built a multivariable model to predict disease in the inception cohort. The model discriminated treatment-naïve patients with ulcerative colitis from controls with leave-one-out cross-validation (area under the curve = 0.92). Consistently, MMP10, CXCL9, CXCL11, and MCP-1, but not CCL11 and SLAMF1, were significantly up-regulated among the healthy twin siblings, even though their relative abundances seemed higher in incident ulcerative colitis.Conclusions: A set of inflammatory proteins are up-regulated several years before a diagnosis of ulcerative colitis. These proteins were highly predictive of an ulcerative colitis diagnosis, and some seemed to be up-regulated already at exposure to genetic and environmental risk factors.
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| 3. |
- Bergh, Niklas, 1979, et al.
(författare)
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A new biomechanical perfusion system for ex vivo study of small biological intact vessels
- 2005
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Ingår i: Ann Biomed Eng. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0090-6964. ; 33:12, s. 1808-18
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The vascular endothelium transduces physical stimuli within the circulation into physiological responses, which influence vascular remodelling and tissue homeostasis. Therefore, a new computerized biomechanical ex vivo perfusion system was developed, in which small intact vessels can be perfused under well-defined biomechanical forces. The system enables monitoring and regulation of vessel lumen diameter, shear stress, mean pressure, variable pulsatile pressure and flow profile, and diastolic reversal flow. Vessel lumen measuring technique is based on detection of the amount of flourescein over a vessel segment. A combination of flow resistances, on/off switches, and capacitances creates a wide range of pulsatile pressures and flow profiles. Accuracy of the diameter measurement was evaluated. The diameters of umbilical arteries were measured and compared with direct ultrasonographic measurement of the vessel diameter. As part of the validation the pulsatile pressure waveform was altered, e.g., in terms of pulse pressure, frequency, diastolic shape, and diastolic reversal flow. In a series of simulation experiments, the hemodynamic homeostasis functions of the system were successfully challenged by generating a wide range of vascular diameters in artificial and intact human vessels. We conclude that the system presented may serve as a methodological and technical platform when performing advanced hemodynamic stimulation protocols.
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| 4. |
- Bonander, Carl, 1988-, et al.
(författare)
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Vaccination nudges : A study of pre-booked COVID-19 vaccinations in Sweden
- 2022
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Ingår i: Social Science and Medicine. - : Elsevier. - 0277-9536 .- 1873-5347. ; 309, s. 1-11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A nudge changes people’s actions without removing their options or altering their incentives. During the COVID-19 vaccine rollout, the Swedish Region of Uppsala sent letters with pre-booked appointments to inhabitants aged16–17 instead of opening up manual appointment booking. Using regional and municipal vaccination data, wedocument a higher vaccine uptake among 16- to 17-year-olds in Uppsala compared to untreated control regions(constructed using the synthetic control method as well as neighboring municipalities). The results highlight pre-booked appointments as a strategy for increasing vaccination rates in populations with low perceived risk.
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| 5. |
- Bonander, Carl, 1988-, et al.
(författare)
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When do default nudges work?
- 2023
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Ingår i: Oxford Open Economics. - : Oxford University Press. - 2752-5074. ; 2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nudging is a burgeoning topic in science and in policy, but evidence on the effectiveness of nudges among differentially incentivized groups is lacking. This paper exploits regional variations in the rollout of the Covid-19 vaccine in Sweden to examine the effect of a nudge on groups whose intrinsic incentives are different: 16- to 17-year-olds, for whom Covid-19 is not dangerous, and 50- to 59-year-olds, who face a substantial risk of death or severe disease. We find a significantly stronger response in the younger group compared with the older (11.7 vs 3.6 percentage point increase in our study period), consistent with the theory that nudges are more effective for choices that are not meaningful to the individual.
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| 6. |
- Cowley, Benjamin, et al.
(författare)
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Experience Assessment and Design in the Analysis of Gameplay
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal Simulation & Gaming. - : SAGE Publications. - 1046-8781 .- 1552-826X. ; 45:1, s. 41-69
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report research on player modeling using psychophysiology and machine learning, conducted through interdisciplinary collaboration between researchers of computer science, psychology, and game design at Aalto University, Helsinki. First, we propose the Play Patterns And eXperience (PPAX) framework to connect three levels of game experience that previously had remained largely unconnected: game design patterns, the interplay of game context with player personality or tendencies, and state-of-the-art measures of experience (both subjective and non-subjective). Second, we describe our methodology for using machine learning to categorize game events to reveal corresponding patterns, culminating in an example experiment. We discuss the relation between automatically detected event clusters and game design patterns, and provide indications on how to incorporate personality profiles of players in the analysis. This novel interdisciplinary collaboration combines basic psychophysiology research with game design patterns and machine learning, and generates new knowledge about the interplay between game experience and design.
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| 7. |
- de-Wahl Granelli, Anne, 1970, et al.
(författare)
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Impact of pulse oximetry screening on the detection of duct dependent congenital heart disease: a Swedish prospective screening study in 39,821 newborns.
- 2009
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Ingår i: BMJ (Clinical research ed.). - 1468-5833. ; 338
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the use of pulse oximetry to screen for early detection of life threatening congenital heart disease. DESIGN: Prospective screening study with a new generation pulse oximeter before discharge from well baby nurseries in West Götaland. Cohort study comparing the detection rate of duct dependent circulation in West Götaland with that in other regions not using pulse oximetry screening. Deaths at home with undetected duct dependent circulation were included. SETTING: All 5 maternity units in West Götaland and the supraregional referral centre for neonatal cardiac surgery. PARTICIPANTS: 39,821 screened babies born between 1 July 2004 and 31 March 2007. Total duct dependent circulation cohorts: West Götaland n=60, other referring regions n=100. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and likelihood ratio for pulse oximetry screening and for neonatal physical examination alone. RESULTS: In West Götaland 29 babies in well baby nurseries had duct dependent circulation undetected before neonatal discharge examination. In 13 cases, pulse oximetry showed oxygen saturations
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| 8. |
- Ekman, John, et al.
(författare)
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Dynamics of pre-shift and post-shift lung function parameters among wood workers in Ghana
- 2023
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Ingår i: Annals of occupational and environmental medicine. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 2052-4374. ; 35
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Diseases affecting the lungs and airways contribute significantly to the global burden of disease. The problem in low- and middle-income countries appears to be exacerbated by a shift in global manufacturing base to these countries and inadequate enforcement of environmental and safety standards. In Ghana, the potential adverse effects on respiratory function associated with occupational wood dust exposure have not been thoroughly investigated.METHODS: Sixty-four male sawmill workers and 64 non-woodworkers participated in this study. The concentration of wood dust exposure, prevalence and likelihood of association of respiratory symptoms with wood dust exposure and changes in pulmonary function test (PFT) parameters in association with wood dust exposure were determined from dust concentration measurements, symptoms questionnaire and lung function test parameters.RESULTS: Sawmill workers were exposed to inhalable dust concentration of 3.09 ± 0.04 mg/m3 but did not use respirators and engaged in personal grooming habits that are known to increase dust inhalation. The sawmill operators also showed higher prevalence and likelihoods of association with respiratory symptoms, a significant cross-shift decline in some PFT parameters and a shift towards a restrictive pattern of lung dysfunction by end of daily shift. The before-shift PFT parameters of woodworkers were comparable to those of non-woodworkers, indicating a lack of chronic effects of wood dust exposure.CONCLUSIONS: Wood dust exposure at the study site was associated with acute respiratory symptoms and acute changes in some PFT parameters. This calls for institution and enforcement of workplace and environmental safety policies to minimise exposure at sawmill operating sites, and ultimately, decrease the burden of respiratory diseases.
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| 9. |
- Ekman, Mattias, et al.
(författare)
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Cost effectiveness of bisoprolol in the treatment of chronic congestive heart failure in Sweden : Analysis using data from the cardiac insufficiency bisoprolol study II trial
- 2001
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Ingår i: PharmacoEconomics. - : Springer. - 1179-2027 .- 1170-7690. ; 19:9, s. 901-916
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Objective: To investigate the cost effectiveness of adding the P-blocker bisoprolol to standard treatment in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF). Design and setting: A cost-effectiveness study was based on the Cardiac Insufficiency Bisoprolol Study II (CIBIS-II), a randomised clinical trial investigating the efficacy of adding bisoprolol to standard therapy of CHF. The cost-effectiveness analysis was carried out from a societal perspective, Methods: Health effects were measured in terms of years of life gained. On the cost side, treatment costs for pharmaceuticals and hospitalisations were included. Data on healthcare resource consumption from CIBIS-II were used and were combined with average Swedish retail prices for medicines, and average costs for hospitalisations based on hospital admissions, in the base case. The costs of added years of life, i.e. consumption net of production during life-years gained were also included. Results: If costs of added years of life were not included, then bisoprolol therapy increased life expectancy at an incremental cost of Swedish kronor (SEK) 13 094 (1999 values) per year of life gained. If costs of added years of life were included, then the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of bisoprolol therapy was SEK168 858 per year of life gained. Conclusions: For patients with CHF with the characteristics of those in CIBIS-II, the cost effectiveness of bisoprolol therapy compares favourably with that of other cardiovascular therapies.
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| 10. |
- Ekman, Mattias, et al.
(författare)
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Kostnadseffektivt att behandlakronisk hjärtsvikt med bisoprolol [Cost-effectiveness of bisoprolol in chronic heart failure]
- 2002
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Ingår i: Läkartidningen. - 0023-7205 .- 1652-7518. ; 14, s. 646-650
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Kliniska prövningar har visat att betablockerare har gynnsamma effekter på dödlighet och sjuklighet vid kronisk hjärtsvikt.Hjärtsvikt är ett vanligt och allvarligt tillstånd, som dessutom orsakar samhällsekonomiska kostnader på minst 2 miljarder kronor per år.Den kliniska studien CIBIS II, som omfattade 2 647 patienter i funktionsklass III och IV, visade en signifikant minskning av mortaliteten på 32 procent när beta-blockeraren bisoprolol adderades till konventionell hjärtsviktsbehandling.Som ett led i en ekonomisk utvärdering av bisoprolol undersöktes kostnader och hälsoeffekter i samband med behandlingen. Uppgifter om läkemedelsförbrukning och sjukhusinläggningar hämtades från CIBIS II-studien. Uppgifter om patienternas överlevnad är dels hämtade från CIBIS-II-studien, dels baserade på uppgifter från tidigare studier.Den ekonomiska utvärderingen indikerar att behandling av kronisk hjärtsvikt med bisoprolol är ett kostnadseffektivt alternativ.
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