| 1. |
- Hedin-Skogman, Barbro, et al.
(författare)
-
Lyme Neuroborreliosis in Children - a Prospective Study of Clinical features, Prognosis, and Outcome
- 2008
-
Ingår i: The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal. - 0891-3668 .- 1532-0987. ; 27:12, s. 1089-1094
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Evaluation of children with clinically suspected neuroborreliosis (NB) is difficult. With a prospective study design we wanted to characterize children with signs and symptoms indicative for NB, investigate clinical outcome and, if possible, identify factors of importance for recovery. Material/Methods: Children being evaluated for NB (n = 177) in Southeast Sweden were categorized into 3 groups: "confirmed neuroborreliosis" (41%) with Borrelia antibodies in the cerebrospinal fluid, "possible neuroborreliosis" (26%) with pleocytosis but 110 Borrelia antibodies in the cerebrospinal fluid, and "not determined" (33%) with no pleocytosis and no Borrelia antibodies in the cerebrospinal fluid, Antibiotic treatment was given to 69% of children. Patients were followed during 6 months and compared with a matched control group (n = 174). Results: Clinical recovery at the 6-month follow-up (n = 177) was generally good and no patient was found to have recurrent or progressive neurologic symptoms. However, persistent facial nerve palsy caused dysfunctional and cosmetic problems in 11% of patients. Persistent nonspecific symptoms, such as headache and fatigue, were not more frequently reported in patients than in controls. Influence on daily life was reported to the same extent in patients and controls. Consequently, persistent headache and fatigue at follow-up should not be considered as attributable to NB. No prognostic factors could be identified. Conclusions: Clinical recovery was satisfactory in children being evaluated for NB although persistent symptoms from facial nerve palsy occurred. Persistent nonspecific symptoms, such as headache and fatigue, were not more frequently reported in patients than in controls.
|
|
| 2. |
- Widhe, Mona, et al.
(författare)
-
A multicenter study on children with Lyme Neuroborreliosis : Up-regulation of Borrelia-specific IL-4 and IFN-γ secreting cells in cerebrospinal fluid and blood
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The clinical course and outcome of several infectious diseases are dependent on the type of immune response elicited against the pathogen. As suggested by animal models the interleukin (IL)-4 and interferon (IFN)-γ responses seem to play a role in Lyme borreliosis. In adults with neuroborreliosis (NB), a type 1 like response with high production of Borrelia-specific IFN-γ, but no IL-4, in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood has been reported. Since children have a more benign course of NB than adults, we wanted to investigate type 1 and type 2 like responses in children with NB. CSF and blood were collected from children during the acute stage of 'confirmed NB' (n=34), 'possible NB' (n=30) and 'non-NB' (n=10). The number of Borrelia-speciflc IL-4 and IFN-γ producing cells was measured by ELISPOT. Borrelia-specific secretion of both IL-4 and IFN-γ was increased in CSF in confirmed (p<0.05) and possible (p<0,01) NB, compared with non-NB. Furthermore, children with NB had significantly higher Borrelia-speciflc IL-4 secretion in cerebrospinal fluid than an adult reference material with NB (p<0,05). There were no differences in cytokine secretion in relation to onset or recovery of neurological symptoms. Since IL-4 is known to down-regulate the pro-inflammatory and possibly hannful. effects of prolonged IFN-γ responses, the observed prominent IL-4 response in the CNS-compartment might contribute to the more benign disease course seen in children with Lyme NB.
|
|
| 3. |
- Widhe, Mona, et al.
(författare)
-
Up-regulation of Borrelia-specific IL-4 and IFN-gamma secreting cells in cerebrospinal fluid from children with Lyme neuroborreliosis
- 2005
-
Ingår i: International Immunology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0953-8178 .- 1460-2377. ; 17:10, s. 1283-1291
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The clinical course and outcome of several infectious diseases are dependent on the type of immune response elicited against the pathogen. In adults with neuroborreliosis (NB), a type 1 response with high production of Borrelia-specific IFN-, but no IL-4, has been reported. Since children have a more benign course of NB than adults, we wanted to investigate type 1 and type 2 responses in children with NB. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood were collected from children during the acute stage of ‘confirmed NB’ (n = 34), ‘possible NB’ (n = 30) and ‘non-NB’ (n = 10). The number of Borrelia-specific IL-4- and IFN--secreting cells was measured by enzyme-linked immunospot assay. Borrelia-specific secretion of both IL-4 and IFN- was increased in CSF in confirmed (P < 0.05) and possible (P < 0.01) NB, when compared with non-NB controls. Furthermore, children with NB had significantly higher Borrelia-specific IL-4 secretion in CSF than an adult reference material with NB (P < 0.05). There were no differences in cytokine secretion in relation to onset or recovery of neurological symptoms. Since IL-4 is known to down-regulate the pro-inflammatory and possibly harmful effects of prolonged IFN- responses, the prominent IL-4 response observed in the central nervous system compartment might contribute to the more benign disease course seen in children with Lyme NB.
|
|
