| 1. |
- Klingborg, Patrik, 1988-
(författare)
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Greek Cisterns : Water and risk in ancient Greece, 600–50 BC
- 2017
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This study explores cisterns in the Greek world 600–50 BC based on a representative body of archaeological material of 410 cisterns from 49 sites presented in a catalogue, and the literary and epigraphic evidence. The aim is to investigate when and how cisterns were constructed, how they were used and functioned in ancient Greek society and why they were used only at certain times.The first part of the study creates a framework for the investigation of cisterns, examining the installations, the chronology and ancient terminology. The variation in shape and construction and various features used to improve functionality are treated. Chronologically, the study discusses methodological questions related to the dating of cisterns as well as when cisterns were constructed. It is shown that cisterns existed in the Archaic period but were rare, while during the 4th c. BC they become more popular, and remained so until the last century BC.Based on the framework established in the first part, the study investigates how cisterns were used, from construction to abandonment, and how the use was both formed by, and formed, interaction between cisterns and humans. Cisterns are then studied on a micro-, meso- and macro-level, as these three perspectives reveal different aspects of how cisterns were used and functioned in the Greek world. Finally, the study explores the way in which cisterns were viewed in comparison to other water sources and how this affected their relation to the humans using them. It is argued that cisterns were connected to passivity and control, and that this enabled them to be used as a risk-management strategy.
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| 2. |
- Bonnier, Anton, 1981-
(författare)
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Harbours and Hinterlands : Landscape, Site Patterns and Coast-Hinterland Interconnections by the Corinthian Gulf, c. 600-300 B.C.
- 2010
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The thesis examines interconnections between the Corinthian Gulf and its surrounding hinterlands during the Archaic and Classical-Early Hellenistic period, c. 600 to 300 B.C. Interconnections have been studied through site patterns in the surrounding regions. The distribution of sites shows that significant clusters of habitation and localities interpreted as central place sites can be recognised along a series of natural routes connecting the coastal zone with inland areas. These routes often consist of river valleys, which often form a series of interconnected valley systems, though in many areas the upland environments also present recognisable paths between the coast and the hinterland. Imports in the archaeological record further point to the movement of goods along these routes and can be associated with patterns of trade. The movement of goods may also be correlated with developing regional economies and connectivity. The hinterlands contain multiple environments which stimulated different subsistence and production strategies, suggesting that coastal areas would have acted as connection points within exchange systems linked to these economies, especially those of upland landscapes. Pastoral production seems, in particular, to have played an important part and harbours by the Gulf presented possible outlets for the export of products such as wool and hides, as well as opportunities for the import of staples that could not be produced in sufficient quantities. The identified coast-hinterland routes can furthermore be linked with developing political landscapes, and the incorporation of coastal zones and routes into the territories of specific states. Remains of fortification walls indicate the development of a military infrastructure, which can be correlated with the development of state territories and which points to concerns over the military control of coast-hinterland routes.
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| 3. |
- Lindblom, Anna, 1959-
(författare)
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Take a Walk on the Wild Side : The Behaviour, Attitude and Identity of Women Approached by Satyrs on Attic Red-Figure Vases from 530 to 400 BC
- 2011
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This study examines the behaviour, attitude and identity of women approached by satyrs on Attic red-figure vases from 530 to 400 BC and in particular how modern conceptions have influenced earlier interpretations of these women. In order to illustrate the diversity of the interactions between women and satyrs, five motifs have been chosen for study – Movement, Rest, Reclining, Body care and Sex. The aim is to establish the women’s behaviour as a way to define their attitude towards the satyrs, and subsequently to reconsider the women’s identity since scholars’ view of the women’s behaviour and attitude has influenced how they have identified the women. The work is divided in three parts. The first part is an analysis of the behaviour and attitude of the women. Contrary to the prevalent theory that the women were negative toward the approaches of the satyrs, and that the satyrs were believed to be incapable of having sex with women, it is demonstrated that the women approved of the satyrs’ advances and that the satyrs were effective lovers. In the second part, the appearance of the women and the settings where the female-satyr interaction takes place are examined in order to show that it is impossible to divide the women into distinct categories on iconographical grounds. Scholars’ designations of these women as hetairai, maenads or nymphs are thus questionable. The third part discusses chronological considerations and it is found that certain features of the images can be attributed to their time period, rather than being generally important for how the behaviour, attitude and identity of the women are to be interpreted. It is suggested that the women should be understood as images of female behaviour with no stipulated identity besides existing in the world of images. Their appearance and actions reflect the fact that the figure they interact with is a satyr, and have nothing to do with a negative attitude towards the satyr or the women’s identity or status.
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| 4. |
- von Ehrenheim, Hedvig, 1970-
(författare)
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Greek incubation rituals in Classical and Hellenistic times
- 2011
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This study documents and analyzes the structure and function of Greek incubation rituals in Classical and Hellenistic times. The first part (Chapter 2) examines all relevant literary and epigraphical testimonia concerning the rites and rules surrounding incubation. In the second part (Chapters 3-5) the structure and function of the ritual complex are analyzed. As a first step, it is shown that there was no coherent structure of the ritual at all the sanctuaries offering it, but that the ritual practice varied according to local customs and factors such as size of the cult (the common factor being to sleep in a sacred place). In the next step, theoretical models are used to explain the function of the rituals. Previous approaches, explaining incubation as a Chthonian phenomenon, a rite of passage, or comparable to initiation in mystery cults, are shown not to conform to the testimonia at hand on incubation rites. An analysis of the social context of the rites surrounding incubation shows that incubation rites other than at the dormitory differed surprisingly little from the rites of other worshippers at these sanctuaries. Various ritual factors are explored to explain why low intensity rites might create a high intensity experience. In the final chapter, the structure of incubation rituals, entailing both ordinary rites for any worshipper and rites comparable to those of priests acting as intermediaries with the gods, is examined in the light of its origins in Greece. Disproving previous theories on the origins of incubation, it is argued that the phenomenon started as an exclusive consultation technique for priests, magistrates and select worshippers, being a natural variant of oracular techniques in Archaic and Early Classical Greece. When incubation appeared for everyone in society in Classical times and in the cult of Asklepios, rituals for the masses were constructed, keeping some rites for intermediaries but adding new motivational factors, which in total made up for very popular cults. This development might be seen as a democratization of the phenomenon of incubation.
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