| 1. |
- Bergman, Lars R, et al.
(författare)
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The application of a person-oriented approach in longitudinal research on individual development.
- 2005
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Ingår i: Supplement to International Journal of Behavioral Development. - 0165-0254. ; 29, s. 10-13
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The article gives an overview of person-oriented methods in longitudinal research on individual development. Theoretical and research strategic fundaments of the person-oriented approach are reviewed and this approach is contrasted to the ordinary variable-oriented approach. The importance of a balanced representation of core variables of the system under study is emphasized as is their representation in the form of relevant patterns in the methodological realization of the approach. One basic and robust method to carry out a person-oriented study is presented, namely LICUR. In LICUR, longitudinal data with the same variable pattern measured at the different ages are used. First a residue of "unclassifiable" objects is removed (usually 1-3% of the observations), then cross-sectional classifications are performed at each age separately, and, finally, the different classifications are linked across age. In this way, both structural and individual stability and change can be studied. Finally, future perspectives are discussed, focusing on the development of new methods based on a paradigm taken from the study of nonlinear dynamical systems.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Huang, Qinghai, et al.
(författare)
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Women’s Career Patterns : A Study of Swedish Women Born in the 1950s
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology. - 0963-1798 .- 2044-8325. ; 80:3, s. 387-412
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Patterns of career development have been found to be an important factor for longterm career rewards and well-being. However, existing career models excessively focus on men or elite women and upon paid work, typically without considering other roles. Based on a life course perspective, this study aimed to identify women's career development patterns by examining the dynamic interactions between individuals' involvement in working life and other career-related domains of life. Career biographies, from the ages of 16 to 43, were recorded through retrospective reports from a representative sample of Swedish women (N = 549) participating in a longitudinal programme on individual development. Seven career-related activities were coded and combined into career sequences covering the entire period. Data were analysed using optimal matching, and nine distinct career patterns -- disparate in terms of the timing, ordering and duration of activities -- were identified. There were significant differences between the career patterns in early educational aspirations and early sexual experiences, as well as in life-role values and socio-economic status in middle age. With respect to the consequences of career patterns for well-being, there were significant differences in self-rated health but not in job satisfaction or life satisfaction. The diversity of patterns is discussed from a perspective that takes account of both life course theory and the choices made by individual women in a society that provides childcare facilities, parental leave and other types of support to working parents.
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| 4. |
- Mattsson, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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Empirically derived psychosocial states among adolescents diagnosed with cancer during the acute and extended phase of survival
- 2009
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Ingår i: Annals of Oncology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0923-7534 .- 1569-8041. ; 20:10, s. 1722-1727
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Patients and methods: Participants completed the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and two subscales, Vitality and Mental Health, in the SF-36 4-8 weeks (T1) (n = 61), 6 (T2) (n = 57), 12 (T3) (n = 50), and 18 (T4) months (n = 48) after diagnosis. I-State as Object of Analysis was used to identify a finite set of states based on three dimensions. Cluster analysis was carried out using Ward's method. Results: Five states were obtained: psychosocial dysfunction (state A) and poor (B), incomplete (C), good (D), and excellent (E) psychosocial function. At T1, more adolescents than expected by chance were in states A (P < 0.05) and C (P < 0.01) and fewer in states D (P < 0.05) and E (P < 0.001). At T4, more adolescents than expected by chance were in state E (P < 0.001) and fewer in state C (P < 0.05). Female gender and being in late adolescence when diagnosed is related to worse psychosocial function. Conclusion: The findings provide support for subgroups of adolescents whose level of vitality, mental health, and anxiety differ during the acute and extended phase of survival of cancer. Clinical interventions tailored to the level of impairment as determined by the clusters may result in better psychosocial outcomes.
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| 5. |
- Rudman, Ann, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluating multi-dimensional aspects of postnatal hospital care
- 2008
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Ingår i: Midwifery. - : Elsevier BV. - 0266-6138 .- 1532-3099. ; 24:4, s. 425-441
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: to investigate women's experiences of postnatal hospital care in relation to four different aspects: (1) interpersonal care; (2) time spent on physical check-ups; (3) time spent on information and support; and (4) time spent on assistance with breast feeding. More specifically, we aimed to establish whether typical clusters of women could be identified, and if so, whether these clusters could be related to specific outcomes of care, to the way in which care is organised, and to the individual's psychological health and socio-demographic background. Design: longitudinal population-based survey, including three questionnaires completed in early pregnancy, at 2 months and I year after birth. Setting: all postnatal wards in Sweden. Participants: women (n = 2338) recruited at their first booking visit at 593 antenatal clinics, who responded to questions relating to postnatal hospital care 2 months after birth. Findings: eight cluster profiles defined by the four aspects of postnatal care were identified. About half of the women were found in clusters that were satisfied with most aspects of care, and half in clusters that were dissatisfied with one aspect or more. Only 32% were very satisfied with all four dimensions. Specific groups of women, such as first-time mothers, migrants, young mothers and those with a short length of stay, were dissatisfied with different assessments of postnatal care. Psychological health in early pregnancy was associated with high ratings of all aspects of care, whereas emergency caesarean section and instrumental vaginal delivery was associated with dissatisfaction with breast feeding support and time spent on health check-ups. Key conclusions and implications for practice: women's individual appraisal of specific aspects of hospital postnatal care could be grouped into response patterns that were shared by smaller or larger groups. These patterns were related to maternal characteristics, tabour outcomes and the way in which care was organised. The multi-faceted approach used in this study provided details about who was dissatisfied with what, and showed that women are not necessarily either satisfied or dissatisfied with care in a general sense. In order to provide individualised care, the carer needs to be aware of these differences.
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| 6. |
- Rudman, Ann, et al.
(författare)
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Women's satisfaction with intrapartum care - a pattern approach.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of Advanced Nursing. - : Wiley. - 0309-2402 .- 1365-2648. ; 59:5, s. 474-87
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: This paper is a report of a study to investigate women's satisfaction with intrapartum care along three distinct dimensions simultaneously (interpersonal care, information and involvement in decision-making and physical birth environment) and to describe the characteristics of women with different patterns of satisfaction.BACKGROUND: Patient satisfaction is an important outcome in the evaluation and development of healthcare services. Studies of satisfaction have often used single global ratings but such ratings may not capture the multidimensionality of care during childbirth.METHOD: A cluster analytic technique was used to establish a finite set of response patterns. Data were obtained from a longitudinal population-based Swedish survey including 2605 women who completed questionnaires in early pregnancy, and 2 months and 1 year after the birth. Data collection commenced in March 1999 and was completed in April 2002.RESULTS: Nine different clusters, or patterns of satisfaction/dissatisfaction, were found. Nearly half of the women (47%) were in clusters that were satisfied or very satisfied with at least one dimension of care, 20% in clusters that were fairly satisfied (average), and 33% in less than satisfied clusters. Fifteen per cent were mainly dissatisfied with the physical environment, 8% mainly with interpersonal care, 7% only with information and decision-making and 3% with all dimensions. Women in the different clusters differed statistically significantly in psychological health in early pregnancy, emotional reactions during labour and in labour outcomes, but not in background characteristics.CONCLUSION: Looking at different dimensions of care instead of a single global measure gave a richer, more diverse, and also a more negative picture of women's experiences of intrapartum care.
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| 7. |
- Tillfors, Maria, 1963-, et al.
(författare)
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Relationships between social anxiety, depressive symptoms, and antisocial behaviors : Evidence from a prospective study of adolescent boys
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of Anxiety Disorders. - Amsterdam : Elsevier BV. - 0887-6185 .- 1873-7897. ; 23:5, s. 718-724
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Little is understood about generalized and non-generalized social anxiety disorder (SAD) and their associations With co-occurring internalizing and externalizing problems in adolescence. In the present study, we investigated adolescent boys with SAD symptoms and considered depressive symptoms as well as antisocial behaviors when looking for patterns during two developmental time periods: junior high and high school. Participants in the analyses were part of a longitudinal study. No patterns were found linking antisocial problems and non-generalized SAD in either junior high or high school. Furthermore, it was uncommon for youths in the non-generalized SAD Subgroup to develop comorbidity over time. The generalized SAD subgroup of boys, however, was likely to develop comorbidity either with depressive symptoms only or with depressive symptoms and antisocial tendencies. Our findings Suggest that developmental pathways for SAD subgroups may differ.
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| 8. |
- Trost, Kari, et al.
(författare)
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Adolescent girls in context : Not all patterns may be created equal
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal for Person-Oriented Research. - : Journal for Person-Oriented Research. - 2002-0244 .- 2003-0177. ; 4:1, s. 29-44
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Much research exists on the importance of risk factors within individual contexts of parenting, neighborhood, school, and peers for adolescent development. However little exists on whether risks in certain contexts may be more or less likely for risk accumulation across contexts – referred to as the Weighted Risk Phenomenon (WRP). One way to study WRP is to study adolescent patterns of co-existing risk characteristics across domains and over time. The present study focuses on studying information about parenting, neighborhood, school, and peers in order to understand how risk can have different patterns over time. Participants were all girls recruited from junior high schools in rural and metropolitan areas of Sweden. The results illustrate that there are stable structural and individual pathways across four contexts of adolescent girls which may represent risk over time. Structurally, patterns which emerged at grade 7 reappeared again a year later and again a year after that in grade 9. In general, the same individuals seem to re-emerge in the same or similar patterns over time. Those who showed risk accumulation patterns tended to report prior risk factors in the parenting context. Such trends are supported in the literature and give support to the postulation that parenting is one of the strongest risk factors for adolescents. The findings indicate possible underpinnings of WRP.
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| 9. |
- Trost, Kari, et al.
(författare)
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An Explorative Study on Parenting in Sweden : Is There a Swedish Style?
- 2015
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Ingår i: International Psychology Bulletin. - : American Psychological Association (APA). ; 19:3, s. 30-37
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the psychological literature pertaining to parenting, parents’ warmth, control, and communication are vital for positive adjustment of adolescents where high levels are considered to be the most prevalent and beneficial. Previous cross-cultural studies have however found the effects of other parenting patterns during adolescence to be equally prevalent as well as beneficial for adolescent adjustment which puts into question whether high on all three aspects of parenting could be more represented in some cultures than in others. In the present study, we question the representativeness of the pattern in the Swedish context. In the present study, we examined 888 adolescents’ reports on parenting. For boys, a neglecting, average but low communication, average but low control, average, average with warmth and authoritative patterns of parenting was found. For girls, a neglecting, average but low communication, average but high control, average, and authoritative patterns of parenting was found. The most prevalent parenting pattern found for both girls and boys was marked by moderate levels of parental control, warmth, and communication followed by authoritative (high levels of control, warmth, and communication). Of the 456 girls, the vast majority (41%) reported their parents as being average on parental warmth, control, and communication. Of the 432 boys, nearly half (46%) reported their parents as being average on parental warmth, control, and communication. Future directions on parenting research in Sweden are discussed.
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| 10. |
- Trost, Kari, et al.
(författare)
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Mapping swedish females' educational pathways in terms of academic competence and adjustment problems
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Social Issues. - : Wiley. - 0022-4537 .- 1540-4560. ; 64:1, s. 157-174
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Patterns of academic competence, externalizing problems, and internalizing problems were examined in females from the longitudinal Individual Development and Adaptation (IDA) program in order to understand unexpected patterns of educational attainment and problems in adulthood. Person-oriented methods were used to identify patterns of competence and problems at ages 10, 13, and 43. These patterns were linked across time to reveal expected and unexpected educational pathways from childhood to adulthood. Most later patterns were consistent with earlier patterns of competence and problems. This structural-level stability supported our hypothesis that competence and problems tend to be inversely related and function together over time as integrated systems. We focus on one unexpected educational pathway characterized by individuals whose problems remain low over time despite stable levels of low competence. This unexpected educational pathway was examined further in terms of optimal versus general adjustment consequences in adulthood. Some policy implications of studying individual patterns and pathways are discussed.
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