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- El-Mansoury, Mohamed Mostafa, 1953, et al.
(författare)
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Chromosomal mosaicism mitigates stigmata and cardiovascular risk factors in Turner syndrome.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Clinical endocrinology. - : Wiley. - 0300-0664 .- 1365-2265. ; 66:5, s. 744-51
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To study genotype-phenotype correlations in Turner syndrome (TS) regarding body composition, cardiovascular risk factors, stigmata and age at diagnosis vs. degree of mosaicism estimated as the percentage of 45,X and 46,XX cells. METHODS: One hundred and twenty-six TS women, mean age 31 years, were examined by three specialists, who reported stigmata independent of each other. Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was used to measure bone mineral density (BMD). The karyotype was blinded. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was performed on buccal cells. A random population sample served as controls. RESULTS: Forty-four per cent exhibited a 45,X karyotype and 56% a second-cell line, while 27% of all had a 45,X/46,XX mosaicism. Five 45,X cases with a conventional karyotype were 45,X/46,XX mosaic according to FISH. At diagnosis, 45,X cases were younger (P < 0.05) and had more stigmata per person (P < 0.01) than the mosaics. TS with marker chromosome X or Y, iso or ring, did not differ from 45,X in this aspect. The mosaics had higher BMD and SHBG and lower total cholesterol and FSH than TS with 45,X and did not differ compared with controls in terms of body mass index (BMI), waist/hip ratio, BMD, blood pressure, cholesterol, triglycerides, SHBG, diabetes or osteoporosis. The number of stigmata correlated positively to BMI, waist/hip ratio, cholesterol and %45,X and inversely to height and %46,XX according to FISH. CONCLUSIONS: Mosaicism seems to mitigate the TS phenotype and the cardiovascular risk factor profile. Mosaics were diagnosed 8 years later than 45,X cases. This emphasizes the necessity for a stricter genotype categorization not only in the clinic but also in research on TS than previously adopted.
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| 2. |
- El-Mansoury, Mohamed Mostafa, 1953, et al.
(författare)
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Elevated liver enzymes in Turner syndrome during a 5-year follow-up study.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Clinical endocrinology. - : Wiley. - 1365-2265 .- 0300-0664. ; 68:3, s. 485-90
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: To study the prevalence and incidence of elevated liver enzymes and their relationship with body weight, metabolic factors and other diseases in Turner syndrome (TS). DESIGN: Five-year follow-up. PATIENTS: Women with TS (n = 218, mean age 33 +/- 13, range 16-71 years) from outpatient clinics at university hospitals in Sweden. MEASUREMENTS: Fasting blood samples for aspartate (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GT), viral hepatitis serology and hepatic auto-antibodies, vitamin B12, blood glucose, lipids and hormones. RESULTS: Seventy-nine subjects (36%) had one or more liver enzyme levels higher than the reference level, the most prevalent being GT. Karyotype 45,X was present in 51% of all TS women and in 48% of those with elevated liver enzymes. Body weight, body mass index (BMI), total cholesterol, triglycerides, and apolipoproteins A and B at start were higher in TS women with elevated liver enzymes than in TS women with normal levels. At 5 years, AST, ALT and GT were increased and another 23% of patients had developed elevated liver enzymes, that is, 59% in total (36% + 23%), while in 6%, the elevated liver enzymes had been normalized and all 6% also had lowered cholesterol levels. Multivariate analysis showed that GT was correlated with total cholesterol; P = 0.0032 at start and P = 0.0005 at 5 years, independently of other factors. Liver biopsy in six TS women showed one cholangitis, one hepatitis C, two steatosis and two normal biopsies. Withdrawal of oestrogen substitution did not influence the liver enzymes. CONCLUSIONS: Pathological liver enzymes were common in TS women, with a prevalence of 36% at 33 years of age, an annual incidence over 5 years of 3.4%. There was no relation to karyotype, alcohol, viral hepatitis, E(2) or autoimmunity, but a connection with total serum cholesterol.
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| 3. |
- El-Mansoury, Mohamed Mostafa, 1953, et al.
(författare)
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Hypothyroidism is common in turner syndrome: results of a five-year follow-up.
- 2005
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Ingår i: The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism. - : The Endocrine Society. - 0021-972X .- 1945-7197. ; 90:4, s. 2131-5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Turner syndrome (TS) is caused by a sex chromosome aberration. The aim was to study the prevalence and incidence of thyroid disease in adults with TS. Women with TS (n = 91; mean age, 37.7 +/- 11 yr) were compared with an age-matched female random population sample (n = 228). At baseline, 15 (16%) TS women were treated for hypothyroidism, and elevated serum TSH was found in another eight (9%). As a result, hypothyroidism was more common in women with TS (25%) than in controls (2%; P < 0.0001). Serum free T4 was lower (P = 0.02), and serum TSH was higher (P < 0.0001) in TS women than in age-matched controls. Of all TS women with hypothyroidism, 10 (43%) had an elevated thyroid peroxidase antibody titer vs. 15 (22%) of those without hypothyroidism (P < 0.05), evenly distributed between the karyotype 45,X and mosaicism. A high body mass index, but not a family history or blood lipids, was associated with hypothyroidism in TS. After the 5-yr follow-up, an additional 11 (16%) developed hypothyroidism, of whom four (36%) had elevated thyroid peroxidase. Altogether, 34 (37%) TS women had hypothyroidism after the 5-yr follow-up. Autoimmune hypothyroidism was common, with an annual incidence of 3.2% in TS. Thyroid function should be checked regularly in TS.
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| 4. |
- El-Mansoury, Mohamed Mostafa, 1953, et al.
(författare)
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Impaired body balance, fine motor function and hearing in women with Turner syndrome.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Clinical endocrinology. - : Wiley. - 1365-2265 .- 0300-0664. ; 71:2, s. 273-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Fractures are related to falling. Turner syndrome (TS) is associated with hypogonadism, osteoporosis and fractures and has been considered as a syndrome of early ageing. The aim was to study whether fine motor function (FM) and body balance (BB) were impaired and related to genotype, fractures, metabolic variables and hearing. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. PATIENTS: TS women, n = 75, mean age 30 years (range 16-59) and treated with oestrogen hormone replacement therapy (HRT) at the out-patient clinic, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden, and 31 healthy controls, mean age 37 years (range 24-63). MEASUREMENTS: Six FM and eight BB tests with open and closed eyes, respectively, were done. Bone mineral density was estimated with Dual energy X-ray Absorptiometry. Presence/absence of fractures was noted, blood samples were taken and audiometry was done in the TS women. RESULTS: TS women had poorer FM (27.4 +/- 6.0 vs. 32.8 +/- 2.2; P < 0.0001) and BB (28.0 +/- 8.1 vs. 34.7 +/- 2.4; P < 0.0001) than controls. FM was poorer in TS women with hearing aids compared to those without (P < 0.05). FM and BB were negatively correlated with age, waist : hip ratio and positively correlated with hearing, and bone mineral density, and BB was negatively correlated with physical activity in TS women. BB correlated negatively with age in controls. FM, BB and hearing function were poorer in 45,X, nonmosaics, than in 45,X/46,XX, mosaics. CONCLUSIONS: FM and BB were poorer in adult TS women on HRT than in controls. Higher age, hearing impairment, osteoporosis, abdominal obesity, a sedentary lifestyle and the TS per se were strong determinants, and mosaicism mitigated both fine motor function and BB in TS.
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| 5. |
- El-Mansoury, Mohamed Mostafa, 1953
(författare)
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Turner syndrome. Relation between genotype and phenotype and long-term follow-up studies.
- 2009
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Turner syndrome (TS) is a chromosomal disorder with a prevalence of approximately 1/2 500 live female births. There is complete or partial absence of one of the two sex chromosomes, resulting in a genetic constellation of 45,X monosomy or 45,X/46,XX mosaic, respectively. In the present studies, using more accurate analysis with Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH), we investigated whether the international classification of the “genotype-phenotype correlation” should be different. TS women were compared with age-matched controls from the WHO MONICA study, carried out in Gothenburg, into cardiovascular risk factors and bone data. Stigmata were counted and balance and hearing were tested. Mosaics had fewer stigmata, no aortic dissection, were diagnosed 8 years later, had better balance and fine motor function and fewer cardiovascular risk factors compared with 45,X monosomy. The 45,X/46,XX mosaics were, thus, more similar to controls. Mosaicism mitigated stigmata and the cardiovascular and fracture risk factor profile in TS. Hypothyroidism and elevated liver enzymes are common in TS but no prospective studies have been performed. Thyroid function and liver enzymes were studied in TS patients during five years. The prevalence of hypothyroidism was 23% with an annual incidence of 3.2%, and the corresponding figures for elevated liver enzymes were 36% and 3.4%, respectively. Hypothyroidism was not associated with karyotype, family history or other metabolic factors but elevated thyroid peroxidase (TPO) antibodies were found in almost half of the TS cases with hypothyroidism. The most prevalently increased liver enzyme was gamma glutamyl transferase (GT) which was correlated with serum cholesterol, independently of obesity, waist/hip ratio and glucose level, but not with serum estradiol. Every third TS woman developed hypothyroidism at five years and those with elevated TPO were at highest risk. Annual thyroid function control is mandatory. More than every second TS woman had elevated liver enzymes at five years. The elevated liver enzymes were benign. Estrogen replacement can be continued in TS.
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