| 1. |
- Elam, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of age on muscle power, postural control and functional capacity after short-term immobilization and retraining.
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of musculoskeletal & neuronal interactions. - 1108-7161. ; 22:4, s. 486-497
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study investigated the effect of lower limb immobilization and retraining on postural control and muscle power in healthy old and young men.Twenty men, nine old (OM:67.3±4.4 years) and eleven young (YM:24.4±1.6 years) underwent 2 weeks of unilateral whole-leg casting, followed by 4 weeks of retraining. Measures included center of pressure (CoP) sway length and area during single- and double-leg stance, maximal leg extensor muscle power, habitual and maximal 10-m gait speed, sit-to-stand performance, and 2-min step test.After immobilization, leg extension muscle power decreased by 15% in OM (from 2.68±0.60 to 2.29±0.63 W/kg, p<0.05) and 17% in YM (4.37±0.76 to 3.63±0.69 W/kg, p<0.05). Double-leg CoP sway area increased by 45% in OM (218±82 to 317±145 mm2; p<0.05), with no change in YM (p=0.43). Physical function did not change after immobilization but sit-to-stand performance (+20%, p<0.05) and 2-min step test (+28%, p<0.05) increased in OM following retraining. In both groups, all parameters returned to baseline levels after retraining.Two weeks of lower limb immobilization led to decreases in maximal muscle power in both young and old, whereas postural control was impaired selectively in old men. All parameters were restored in both groups after 4 weeks of resistance-based retraining.
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| 2. |
- Elam, Cecilia
(författare)
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Stretch-shortening cycle (SSC) muscle power, muscle strength and functional capacity in Scandinavian women and men - Effects of ageing
- 2022
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Ageing is associated with a gradual decline in physical function due to age-related loss of muscle mass, strength, and muscle power, leading to loss of independence. Physical therapists employ various tests to assess of physical functional performance, postural control, and muscle strength. Several of these may provide inadequate information in regard to detecting early onset of decline in performance. Physical activity, particularly resistance training involving high-intensity muscle actions (i.e., heavy-resistance strength training) has proven effective in reversing the negative effects age-related changes, sedentary lifestyle and immobilization, even in older adults.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Elam Edwén, Cecilia, 1970, et al.
(författare)
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Stretch-shortening cycle muscle power in women and men aged 18-81 years: Influence of age and gender
- 2014
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports. - : Wiley. - 0905-7188. ; 24:4, s. 717-726
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study explored the age-related deterioration in stretch-shortening cycle (SSC) muscle power and concurrent force-velocity properties in women and men across the adult life span. A total of 315 participants (women: n = 188; men: n = 127) aged 18-81 years performed maximal countermovement jumps on an instrumented force plate. Maximal SSC leg extension power expressed per kg body mass (Ppeak) was greater in men than in women across the adult age span (P < 0.001); however, this gender difference was progressively reduced with increasing age, because men showed an similar to 50% faster rate of decline in SSC power than women (P < 0.001). Velocity at peak power (VPpeak) was greater in men than in women (P < 0.001) but declined at a greater rate in men than in women (P = 0.002). Vertical ground reaction force at peak power (FPpeak) was higher in men than in women in younger adults only (P < 0.001) and the age-related decline was steeper in men than in women (P < 0.001). Men demonstrated a steeper rate of decline in Ppeak than women with progressive aging. This novel finding emerged as a result of greater age-related losses in men for both force and velocity. Consequently, maximal SSC power production was observed to converge between genders when approaching old age.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Roos, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
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Ord i tankar och rörelse : dansaren och den skapande processen: konstnärlig och humanistisk forskning i samverkan. En delrapport
- 2012
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Forskningsprojektet "Från rörelse ur reflektion i tillblivelse: Dansaren och den konstnärliga processen" startade januari 20 I O med ett tre rigt forskningsstöd från Vetenskapsrådet. Forskargruppen har bestått av Katarina Elam, fil.dr. i estetik och universitetslektor vid Högskolan Väst, Anna Petronella Foultier, doktorand i filosofi på Stockholms Universitet, Chrysa Parkinson professor i dans på DOCH, Cecilia Roos professor i interpretation på DOCH, samt Cecilia Sjöholm, professor i estetik på Södertörns högskola. Vårt övergripande syfte har varit att ur ett såväl praktiskt som ett teoretiskt perspektiv - belyst genom dansarens arbete med ett uruppförande - nänna oss en förståelse och ett begreppsliggörande av den konstnärliga processen genom exemplet dans. Å ena sidan finns dansarens inifrånperspektiv; å andra sidan betraktarens utifrånperspektiv. Genom en dialog mellan dem, i ett slags dubbel rörelse kan ytterligare lager av förståelse för det till-kropp-kommande framträda.Ursprungligen beskrev vi projektet enligt följande:I utgångspunkten för arbetet med det som ska interpreteras analyserar dansaren rörelsematerialet med hjälp av en inre och en yttre blick som inte syftar till att förklara utan nännast till att göra undersökningen mer komplex. Mellan dessa perspektiv - ett intuitivt och ett medvetet - pendlar dansaren i sin utforskning. Den inre blicken bär på minnen, upplevelser, vilja och kreativitet, den yttre snarare på en kalkylerande rationalitet som avläser och registrerar. I rörelsen mellan dessa skapas en glipa, eller ett utrymme, där perspektiven samtidigt sammanfogas. Det här är ett tillstånd i ständig förskjutning där ett absolut gehör för situationens möjligheter eftersträvas. Dit navigerar dansaren medvetet och i den processen gör hon de val som ligger till grund för hennes tolkning. Där manipulerar hon med tiden mellan tanke och handling, intention och impuls, för att låta ett då och ett nu mötas. Ett slags vidgat moment som pekar mot något utan att visa vad det är och det är egentligen mer som en medveten handling i stunden än som ett tillstånd. Det är just denna process som vi har för avsikt att verbalisera och begreppsliggöra.Hur vi idag väljer att beskriva, gestalta och artikulera resultatet av vår forskningsprocess är individuellt. Våra olika perspektiv har alltid varit närvarande i diskussionerna och vad vi har sett och talat om har tveklöst färgats av detta. Likafullt har ofta en annan bild eller beskrivning av en företeelse kunnat kasta nytt ljus över den egna uppfattningen; begrepp har slipats på och getts nya innebörder genom våra långa och återkommande samtal. Dessa samtal har förts så äl under regelrätta seminarier som vid våra fysiska träningspass eller framför en dansvideo. Vi har även haft möjlighet att delta vid ett antal internationella konferenser 1 för konstnärlig forskning vilket ibland har lett till nya vändningar i diskussionerna. Vår förhoppning nu är att våra samlade individuella erfarenheter ska komma att generera nya ideer kring förkroppsligad kunskap och kreativitet. Cecilia Roos, Katarina Elam och Anna Petronel/a Foultier, november 2012
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| 7. |
- Slinde, Frode, et al.
(författare)
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Test-retest reliability of three different countermovement jumping tests
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. - : Human Kinetics Publishers. - 1064-8011 .- 1533-4287. ; 22:2, s. 640-644
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In studies of physical performance comprising muscle strength and power, a vertical jump is a test method that frequently is used. It is important to have access to accurate measuring tools providing data with high reproducibility. Studies have shown that body composition also may play an important part in physical performance. The purpose of this study was to determine test-retest reliability for 3 different kinds of vertical jumps and to correlate jump height with body composition. Thirty-four normally trained subjects (women n = 17) between 18 and 25 years participated. Test-retest, on 3 kinds of vertical jumps, was performed with a median of 7 days between jumps. Methods used were a countermovement jump (CMJ) on a contact mat, with and without arm swing, and an Abalakow jump (AJ) using measuring tape, with arm swing. Body composition was assessed with the use of bioelectric impedance analysis. The results showed that high intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were observed between testing occasions for all 3 vertical jumps (ICC between 0.48 and 0.88). The AJ in women presented the lowest ICC. Also the correlation between CMJ and AJ was high (rs = 0.88). Moderate-to-high correlations could be shown between body composition and CMJ in women (rs = -0.57-0.76). In conclusion, very high test-retest reliability for CMJ on a contact mat was found. For the AJ using a measuring tape, ICC were overall high, but a moderate nonsignificant ICC were found in women, indicating poor reproducibility. The data from the CMJ and AJ may be compared if approximately 25% of the AJ value is subtracted. In practice, this means that vertical jump tests have high reproducibility and can be used as measures of power development.
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| 8. |
- Vive, Sara, et al.
(författare)
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Comfortable and Maximum Gait Speed in Individuals with Chronic Stroke and Community-Dwelling Controls
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases. - : Elsevier BV. - 1052-3057 .- 1532-8511. ; 30:10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The relationship between maximum and comfortable gait speed in individuals with mild to moderate disability in the chronic phase of stroke is unknown. Objective: This study examines the relationship between comfortable and maximum gait speed in individuals with chronic stroke and whether the relationship differ from that seen in a community-dwelling elderly population. Further, we investigate the influence of age, gender, time post-stroke and degree of disability on gait speed. Materials and methods: Gait speed was measured using the 10-meter walk test (10MWT) and the 30-meter walk test (30MWT) in 104 older individuals with chronic stroke and 154 community-dwelling controls, respectively. Results: We found that the maximum gait speed in individuals with stroke could be estimated by multiplying the comfortable speed by 1.41. This relationship differed significantly from that of the control group, for which the corresponding factor was 1.20. In the stroke group, age, gender and time post-stroke did not affect the relationship, whereas the degree of disability was negatively correlated with maximum speed - but not when included in the multiple analysis. In the community-dwelling population, higher age and female gender had a negative relationship with maximum gait speed. When correcting for those parameters, the coefficient was 1.07. Conclusions: The maximum gait speed in the chronic phase of stroke can be estimated by multiplying the individual's comfortable gait speed by 1.41. This estimation is not impacted by age, gender, degree of disability and time since stroke. A similar but weaker relationship can be seen in the community-dwelling controls.
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| 9. |
- Whyte, S., et al.
(författare)
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Tests of muscle function and health related quality of life in healthy older adults in Sweden
- 2021
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Ingår i: Isokinetics and Exercise Science. - : IOS Press. - 0959-3020 .- 1878-5913. ; 29:1, s. 67-74
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Life expectancy among older adults has dramatically increased and they are one of the fastest growing populations worldwide. Maintaining quality of life and the ability to live independently are often of greater importance than overall life expectancy. OBJECTIVE: To present reference values for tests of muscle function, and to study the relationship to a commonly used tool of generic health related quality of life (HRQL) in older Swedish adults. METHODS: The study consisted of 192 individuals (105 women) aged between 65 and 80. The tests included hand grip and isometric knee extension strength measurements, the standing heel rise test and a 30 m walking test. Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) was evaluated using the SF-36. RESULTS: Reference values for the measured parameters are presented. There were high correlations (n = 192) between handgrip and leg extension strength (r = 0.72-0.75; p < 0.01). The walking test's self-selected speed demonstrated the strongest correlation with the physical component summary of the SF-36 (r = 0.57; p < 0.01) and with maximal speed, moderate correlations were demonstrated with muscle strength (r = 0.43-0.56; p < 0.01) and the heel rise test (r = 0.45; p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: This study presents reference values for simple tests of muscle function which are relatively easy to perform, used in a Swedish clinical setting performing screening for older adults.
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