| 1. |
- Eldén, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Computing Semantic Clusters by Semantic Mirroring and Spectral Graph Partitioning
- 2013
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Ingår i: Mathematics in Computer Science. - Basel : Springer. - 1661-8270 .- 1661-8289. ; 7, s. 293-313
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using the technique of semantic mirroring a graph is obtained that represents words and their translationsfrom a parallel corpus or a bilingual lexicon. The connectedness of the graph holds information about the semanticrelations of words that occur in the translations. Spectral graph theory is used to partition the graph, which leadsto a grouping of the words in different clusters. We illustrate the method using a small sample of seed words froma lexicon of Swedish and English adjectives and discuss its application to computational lexical semantics andlexicography.
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| 2. |
- Fagerlund, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Computing Word Senses by Semantic Mirroring and Spectral Graph Partitioning
- 2010
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Ingår i: Proceedings of TextGraphs-5 - 2010 Workshop on Graph-based Methods for Natural Language Processing. - Stroudsburg, PA, USA : The Association for Computational Linguistics. - 9781932432770 - 1932432779 ; , s. 103-107
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using the technique of ”semantic mirroring”a graph is obtained that representswords and their translations from a parallelcorpus or a bilingual lexicon. The connectednessof the graph holds informationabout the different meanings of words thatoccur in the translations. Spectral graphtheory is used to partition the graph, whichleads to a grouping of the words accordingto different senses. We also report resultsfrom an evaluation using a small sample ofseed words from a lexicon of Swedish andEnglish adjectives.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Alkmark, Mårten, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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Efficacy and safety of oral misoprostol versus transvaginal balloon catheter for labor induction: An observational study within the SWEdish Postterm Induction Study (SWEPIS)
- 2021
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Ingår i: Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 0001-6349 .- 1600-0412. ; 100:8, s. 1463-1477
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction Induction of labor is increasing. A common indication for induction of labor is late term and postterm pregnancy at 41 weeks or more. We aimed to evaluate if there are any differences regarding efficacy, safety, and women's childbirth experience between oral misoprostol and transvaginal balloon catheter for cervical ripening in women with a low-risk singleton pregnancy and induction of labor at 41(+0) to 42(+0 to 1) weeks of gestation. Material and methods In this observational study, based on data from the Swedish Postterm Induction Study (SWEPIS), a multicenter randomized controlled trial, a total of 1213 women with a low-risk singleton pregnancy at 41 to 42 weeks of gestation were induced with oral misoprostol (n = 744) or transvaginal balloon catheter (n = 469) at 15 Swedish delivery hospitals. The primary efficacy outcome was vaginal delivery within 24 h and primary safety outcomes were neonatal and maternal composite adverse outcomes. Secondary outcomes included time to vaginal delivery and mode of delivery. Women's childbirth experience was assessed with the Childbirth Experience Questionnaire (CEQ 2.0) and visual analog scale. We present crude and adjusted mean differences and relative risks (RR) with 95% CI. Adjustment was performed for a propensity score based on delivery hospital and baseline characteristics including Bishop score. Results Vaginal delivery within 24 h was significantly lower in the misoprostol group compared with the balloon catheter group (46.5% [346/744] versus 62.7% [294/469]; adjusted RR 0.76 95% CI 0.640.89]). Primary neonatal and maternal safety outcomes did not differ between groups (neonatal composite 3.5% [36/744] vs 3.2% [15/469]; adjusted RR 0.77 [95% CI 0.31-1.89]; maternal composite 2.3% [17/744] versus 1.9% [9/469]; adjusted RR 1.70 [95% CI 0.58-4.97]). Adjusted mean time to vaginal delivery was increased by 3.8 h (95% CI 1.3-6.2 h) in the misoprostol group. Non-operative vaginal delivery and cesarean delivery rates did not differ. Women's childbirth experience was positive overall and similar in both groups. Conclusion Induction of labor with oral misoprostol compared with a transvaginal balloon catheter was associated with a lower probability of vaginal delivery within 24 h and a longer time to vaginal delivery. However, primary safety outcomes, non-operative vaginal delivery, and women's childbirth experience were similar in both groups. Therefore, both methods can be recommended in women with low-risk postdate pregnancies.
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| 5. |
- Alkmark, Mårten, et al.
(författare)
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Efficacy and safety of oral misoprostol vs transvaginal balloon catheter for labor induction : An observational study within the SWEdish Postterm Induction Study (SWEPIS)
- 2021
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Ingår i: Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0001-6349 .- 1600-0412. ; 100:8, s. 1463-1477
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- INTRODUCTION: Induction of labor is increasing in the world. A common indication for Induction of labor is late term and postterm pregnancy at 41 gestational week and thereafter. We aimed to evaluate if there are any differences regarding efficacy, safety, and women's childbirth experience between oral misoprostol and transvaginal balloon catheter for cervical ripening in women with a low-risk singleton pregnancy and induction of labor at 41+0 to 42+0-1 gestational weeks.MATERIAL AND METHODS: In this observational study, based on data from Swedish Postterm Induction Study (SWEPIS), a multicenter randomized controlled trial, a total of 1 213 women with a low-risk singleton pregnancy at 41 to 42 gestational weeks were induced with oral misoprostol (n=744) or transvaginal balloon catheter (n=469) at 15 Swedish delivery hospitals. The primary efficacy outcome was vaginal delivery within 24 hours and primary safety outcomes were neonatal and maternal composite adverse outcomes. Secondary outcomes included time-to-vaginal delivery and mode of delivery. Women's childbirth experience was assessed with the Childbirth Experience Questionnaire (CEQ 2.0) and visual analogue scale. We present crude and adjusted mean differences and relative risks (RR) with 95% confidence interval (CI). Adjustment was performed for a propensity score based on delivery hospital and baseline characteristics including Bishop score.RESULTS: Vaginal delivery within 24 hours was significantly lower in the misoprostol compared with the balloon catheter group (46.5% [346/744] vs 62.7% [294/469]; adjusted RR 0.76 [95% CI 0.64; 0.89]). Primary neonatal and maternal safety outcomes did not differ between groups (neonatal composite 3.5% [36/744] vs 3.2% [15/469]; adjusted RR 0.77 [95% CI 0.31; 1.89]; maternal composite (2.3% [17/744] vs 1.9% [9/469]; adjusted RR 1.70 [95% CI 0.58; 4.97]). Adjusted mean time-to-vaginal delivery was increased by 3.8 hours (95% CI 1.3; 6.2) in the misoprostol group. Non-operative vaginal delivery and cesarean delivery rates did not differ. Women's childbirth experience was positive overall and similar in both groups.CONCLUSION: Induction of labor with oral misoprostol compared with a transvaginal balloon catheter was associated with a lower probability of vaginal delivery within 24 hours and a longer time-to-vaginal delivery. However, primary safety outcomes, non-operative vaginal delivery and women's childbirth experience were similar in both groups. Therefore, both methods can be recommended in women with low-risk postdate pregnancies.
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| 6. |
- Alkmark, Mårten, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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Induction of labour at 41weeks of gestation versus expectant management and induction of labour at 42weeks of gestation: a cost-effectiveness analysis
- 2022
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Ingår i: BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. - : Wiley. - 1470-0328 .- 1471-0528. ; 129:13, s. 2157-2165
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To assess the cost-effectiveness of induction of labour (IOL) at 41weeks of gestation compared with expectant management until 42weeks of gestation. Design: A cost-effectiveness analysis alongside the Swedish Post-term Induction Study (SWEPIS), a multicentre, randomised controlled superiority trial. Setting: Fourteen Swedish hospitals during 2016–2018. Population: Women with an uncomplicated singleton pregnancy with a fetus in cephalic position were randomised at 41weeks of gestation to IOL or to expectant management and induction at 42weeks of gestation. Methods: Health benefits were measured in life years and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) for mother and child. Total cost per birth was calculated, including healthcare costs from randomisation to discharge after delivery, for mother and child. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) were calculated by dividing the difference in mean cost between the trial arms by the difference in life years and QALYs, respectively. Sampling uncertainty was evaluated using non-parametric bootstrapping. Main outcome measures: The cost per gained life year and per gained QALY. Results: The differences in life years and QALYs gained were driven by the difference in perinatal mortality alone. The absolute risk reduction in mortality was 0.004 (from 6/1373 to 0/1373). Based on Swedish life tables, this gives a mean gain in discounted life years and QALYs of 0.14 and 0.12 per birth, respectively. The mean cost per birth was €4108 in the IOL group (n=1373) and €4037 in the expectant management group (n=1373), with a mean difference of €71 (95%CI −€232 to €379). The ICER for IOL compared with expectant management was €545 per life year gained and €623 per QALY gained. Confidence intervals were relatively wide and included the possibility that IOL had both lower costs and better health outcomes. Conclusions: Induction of labour at 41weeks of gestation results in a better health outcome and no significant difference in costs. IOL is cost-effective compared with expectant management until 42weeks of gestation using standard threshold values for acceptable cost per life year/QALY. Tweetable abstract: Induction of labour at 41weeks of gestation is cost-effective compared with expectant management until 42weeks of gestation.
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| 9. |
- Berntsson, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
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An inverse heat conduction problem and an application to heat treatment of aluminium
- 2000
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Ingår i: Inverse Problems in Engineering Mechanics II. - 9780080436937 - 008053516X ; , s. 99-106
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We consider an inverse heat conduction problem, the sideways heat equation, which is a model of a problem where one wants to determine the temperature on the surface of a body using internal measurements. The problem is ill-posed in the sense that the solution does not depend continuously on the data. We discuss the nature of the ill-posedness as well as methods for restoring stability with respect to measurement errors.Successful heat treatment requires good control of the temperature and cooling rates during the process. In an experiment a aluminium block, of the alloy AA7010, was cooled rapidly by spraying water on one surface. Thermocouples inside the block recorded the temperature, and we demonstrate that it is possible to find the temperature distribution in the region between the thermocouple and the surface, by solving numerically the sideways heat equation.
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| 10. |
- Berntsson, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
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Numerical solution of a Cauchy problem for the Laplace equation
- 2001
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Ingår i: Inverse Problems. - : IOP Publishing. - 0266-5611 .- 1361-6420. ; 17:4, s. 839-853
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We consider a two-dimensional steady state heat conduction problem. The Laplace equation is valid in a domain with a hole. Temperature and heat-flux data are specified on the outer boundary, and we wish to compute the temperature on the inner boundary. This Cauchy problem is ill-posed, i.e. the solution does not depend continuously on the boundary data, and small errors in the data can destroy the numerical solution. We consider two numerical methods for solving this problem. A standard approach is to discretize the differential equation by finite differences, and use Tikhonov regularization on the discrete problem, which leads to a large sparse least squares problem. We propose to use a conformal mapping that maps the region onto an annulus, where the equivalent problem is solved using a technique based on the fast Fourier transform. The ill-posedness is dealt with by filtering away high frequencies in the solution. Numerical results using both methods are given.
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