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- Elfversson, Emma, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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Are armed conflicts becoming more urban?
- 2021
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Ingår i: Cities. - : Elsevier. - 0264-2751 .- 1873-6084. ; 119, s. 1-10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In recent years, cities in countries such as Syria, Ukraine, and Somalia have been sites of major incidents of armed conflict. Such violence has led observers to note that armed conflict is becoming more urbanized in nature and increasingly affecting cities. However, existing research has not been able to ascertain whether armed conflict is gradually more concentrated in cities, for two reasons. First, most studies employ a grid-based design which does not theoretically or operationally correspond to cities. Second, some studies take the city as the unit of analysis, but look only at a few major cities in certain regions of the world, or include a broader range of political violence. To assess whether armed conflict is indeed becoming more urban in character, we analyze global patterns of armed conflict 1989–2017. We match the UCDP Georeferenced Events Dataset to cities with at least 100,000 inhabitants, and analyze over time the share of fatalities incurred by armed conflict. We include violence be-tween organized armed actors (inter- and intrastate), but also conflict-related violence against civilians which captures acts of terrorism. With this novel approach, we identify an overall reduction over time in the share of armed conflict violence taking place in cities.
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- Elfversson, Emma, 1983-
(författare)
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Central Politics and Local Peacemaking : The Conditions for Peace after Communal Conflict
- 2017
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Under what conditions can peace be established after violent communal conflict? This question has received limited research attention to date, despite the fact that communal conflicts kill thousands of people each year and often severely disrupt local livelihoods. This dissertation analyzes how political dynamics affect prospects for peace after communal conflict. It does so by studying the role of the central government, local state and non-state actors, and the interactions between these actors and the communal groups that are engaged in armed conflict. A particular focus is on the role of political bias, in the sense that central government actors have ties to one side in the conflict or strategic interests in the conflict issue. The central claim is that political bias shapes government strategies in the face of conflict, and influences the conflict parties’ strategic calculations and ability to overcome mistrust and engage in conflict resolution. To assess these arguments, the dissertation strategically employs different research methods to develop and test theoretical arguments in four individual essays. Two of the essays rely on novel data to undertake the first cross-national large-N studies of government intervention in communal conflict and how it affects the risk of conflict recurrence. Essay I finds that conflicts that are located in an economically important area, revolve around land and authority, or involve groups with ethnic ties to central rulers are more likely to prompt military intervention by the government. Essay II finds that ethnic ties, in turn, condition the impact that government intervention has on the risk of conflict recurrence. The other two essays are based on systematic analysis of qualitative sources, including unique and extensive interview material collected during several field trips to Kenya. Essay III finds that government bias makes it more difficult for the conflict parties to resolve their conflict through peace agreements. Essay IV finds that by engaging in governance roles otherwise associated with the state, non-state actors can become successful local peacemakers. Taken together, the essays make important contributions by developing, assessing and refining theories concerning the prospects for communal conflict resolution.
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- Elfversson, Emma, 1983-
(författare)
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Cities and armed conflict : A systematic urban-rural coding of UCDP conflict events data
- 2021
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Ingår i: Data in Brief. - : Elsevier. - 2352-3409. ; 39
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This data article provides a descriptive overview of the Cities and Armed Conflict Events (CACE) dataset and the data collection methods. The dataset provides a systematic coding of armed conflict events taking place in cities and outside cities across the globe. It constitutes an extension of the Uppsala Conflict Data Program (UCDP) Georeferenced Events Dataset (GED) version 18.1 and covers 1989–2017. To identify which events of armed conflict took place in cities, the data was manually matched to to data from the United Nations Statistics Division (UNSD). The dataset enables systematic analysis of urban-rural patterns in armed conflict, as illustrated by Elfversson & Höglund [1]. While existing methods for analysing such patterns frequently rely on matching conflict data to spatial grids combined with population density, the data presented here with higher validity captures whether violent events take place in cities.
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- Elfversson, Emma, Docent, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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Contesting the growing city? : Forms of urban growth and consequences for communal violence
- 2023
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Ingår i: Political Geography. - : Elsevier. - 0962-6298 .- 1873-5096. ; 100
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- How does rapid urban growth affect risks of communal violence in cities? In rapidly growing cities, poor planning and weak institutions combined with an unregulated influx of migrants can create a potent recipe for violent mobilization. In addition, politicized identity groups often compete for resources and interact in close proximity in urban areas. Despite a growing research agenda on the relationship between rapid urban growth and urban violent unrest, findings remain inconclusive. One explanation for the disparate conclusions is that the theoretical pathways connecting urban growth and unrest largely fail to consider both the violence-generating and violence-stemming effects of urban growth. With a focus on conflict-ridden societies, we theorize processes through which urban growth influences different aspects of group relations in the city, and thereby contribute to prevent, suppress or generate communal violence. To illustrate the framework, we draw on insights from Nairobi, Kampala and Addis Ababa. By paying attention to processes, we are able to identify a range of developments associated with city growth which in turn have different implications for communal violence.
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- Elfversson, Emma, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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Den våldsamma staden
- 2020
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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- Elfversson, Emma, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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Djup splittring i Kenya efter valet
- 2017
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Annan publikation (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Den 28 november 2017 svors Uhuru Kenyatta in för en andra presidentperiod i Kenya. En uppslitande, omtvistad och utdragen valprocess fick därmed sin slutpunkt. Men den senaste tidens institutionella och politiska utveckling ger fog för oro inför Kenyas framtid, skriver forskarna Emma Elfversson, Kristine Höglund och Anders Sjögren.
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- Elfversson, Emma, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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Do Local Power-Sharing Deals Reduce Ethnopolitical Hostility? : The Effects of ‘Negotiated Democracy’ in a Devolved Kenya
- 2020
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Ingår i: Ethnopolitics. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 1744-9057 .- 1744-9065. ; 19:1, s. 45-63
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- How do local power-sharing arrangements affect levels of ethnopolitical hostility? The introduction of decentralisation in contexts previously marked by communal conflict underscores the need to assess local power-sharing mechanisms. However, existing literature on power-sharing has mainly examined national-level arrangements. In this article we contribute to the literature on decentralisation and ethnopolitical conflict by analysing two conflict-affected cases in Kenya. We find that local power sharing in Nakuru made intercommunal relations less hostile than in Uasin Gishu, where no such arrangement was present. The introduction and effects of local power sharing, however, is highly conditioned by national politics.
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