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Sökning: WFRF:(Ellström P E)

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  • Nicolás, César, et al. (författare)
  • Chemical changes in organic matter after fungal colonization in a nitrogen fertilized and unfertilized Norway spruce forest
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: Plant and Soil. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0032-079X .- 1573-5036. ; 419:1-2, s. 113-126
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background and aims: Decomposition and transformation of organic matter (OM) in forest soils are conducted by the concomitant action of saprotrophic and mycorrhizal fungi. Here, we examine chemical changes in OM after fungal colonization in nitrogen fertilized and unfertilized soils from a Norway spruce forest. Methods: Sand-filled bags amended with composted maize leaves were placed in the forest soil and harvested after 17 months. Infrared and near edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopies were used to study the chemical changes in the OM. Fungal community composition of the bags was also evaluated. Results: The proportion of ectomycorrhizal fungi declined in the fertilized plots, but the overall fungal community composition was similar between N treatments. Decomposition of the OM was, independently of the N level or soil horizon, accompanied by an increase of C/N ratio of the mesh-bag content. Moreover, the proportions of carboxylic compounds in the incubated OM increased in the mineral horizon, while heterocyclic-N compounds decreased, especially in unfertilized plots with higher N demand from the trees. Conclusions: Our results indicate that more oxidized organic C and less heterocyclic-N proportions in the OM remain after fungal colonization in the mineral layers, and suggest that ectomycorrhizal fungi transfer less heterocyclic-N from the mesh bags to the host trees under high N levels.
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  • Nilsen, P., et al. (författare)
  • A learning perspective on implementation
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Implementation Science. - London : Taylor & Francis. - 9780367626112 - 9780367626136 ; , s. 169-170
  • Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • For many healthcare practitioners, implementing an evidence-based practice presents a few interlinked learning challenges: acquiring evidence-based practice skills to be able to problem-solve when faced with clinical uncertainty; adopting specific evidence-based practices, for example, interventions with proven effectiveness; and abandonment of non-evidence-based practices. The essay describes two modes of learning and uses these as lenses for analysing the challenges of implementing an evidence-based practice in healthcare. Adaptive learning involves a gradual shift from slower, deliberate behaviours to faster, smoother, and more efficient behaviours. Developmental learning is conceptualized as a process in the “opposite” direction, whereby more or less automatically enacted behaviours become deliberate and conscious. The mechanisms by which the two modes of learning occur are explained with reference to habit theory.
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  • Resultat 1-6 av 6

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