| 1. |
- Bommanaboyena, S. P., et al.
(författare)
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Readout of an antiferromagnetic spintronics system by strong exchange coupling of Mn2Au and Permalloy
- 2021
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 12:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In antiferromagnetic spintronics, the read-out of the staggered magnetization or Néel vector is the key obstacle to harnessing the ultra-fast dynamics and stability of antiferromagnets for novel devices. Here, we demonstrate strong exchange coupling of Mn2Au, a unique metallic antiferromagnet that exhibits Néel spin-orbit torques, with thin ferromagnetic Permalloy layers. This allows us to benefit from the well-established read-out methods of ferromagnets, while the essential advantages of antiferromagnetic spintronics are only slightly diminished. We show one-to-one imprinting of the antiferromagnetic on the ferromagnetic domain pattern. Conversely, alignment of the Permalloy magnetization reorients the Mn2Au Néel vector, an effect, which can be restricted to large magnetic fields by tuning the ferromagnetic layer thickness. To understand the origin of the strong coupling, we carry out high resolution electron microscopy imaging and we find that our growth yields an interface with a well-defined morphology that leads to the strong exchange coupling.
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| 2. |
- Chernenkaya, A., et al.
(författare)
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Microscopic origin of the charge transfer in single crystals based on thiophene derivatives : A combined NEXAFS and density functional theory approach
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Chemical Physics. - : AIP Publishing. - 0021-9606 .- 1089-7690. ; 145:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have investigated the charge transfer mechanism in single crystals of DTBDT-TCNQ and DTBDT-F4TCNQ (where DTBDT is dithieno[2,3-d;2′,3′-d′] benzo[1,2-b;4,5-b′]dithiophene) using a combination of near-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy (NEXAFS) and density functional theory calculations (DFT) including final state effects beyond the sudden state approximation. In particular, we find that a description that considers the partial screening of the electron-hole Coulomb correlation on a static level as well as the rearrangement of electronic density shows excellent agreement with experiment and allows to uncover the details of the charge transfer mechanism in DTBDT-TCNQ and DTBDT-F4 TCNQ, as well as a reinterpretation of previous NEXAFS data on pure TCNQ. Finally, we further show that almost the same quality of agreement between theoretical results and experiment is obtained by the much faster Z+1/2 approximation, where the core hole effects are simulated by replacing N or F with atomic number Z with the neighboring atom with atomic number Z+1/2.
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| 3. |
- Hild, K., et al.
(författare)
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Magnetic Circular Dichroism in Two-Photon Photoemission
- 2009
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Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - 0031-9007 .- 1079-7114. ; 102:5, s. 057207-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report the observation of magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) in two-photon photoemission (2PPE). The Heusler alloys Ni2MnGa and Co2FeSi were investigated by excitation with femtosecond laser light, showing MCD asymmetries of A = (3.5 +/- 0.5) x 10(-3) for Ni2MnGa and of A = (2.1 +/- 1.0) x 10(-3) for Co2FeSi, respectively. A theoretical explanation is provided based on local spin-density calculations for the magnetic dichroic response; the computed 2PPE MCD agrees well with the experiment. The observed 2PPE magnetic contrast represents an interesting alternative for future time-resolved photoemission studies on surface magnetism practicable in the laboratory.
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| 4. |
- Kallmayer, M., et al.
(författare)
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Element-specific magnetic properties of Co(2)(Mn(1-x)Fe(x))Si films probed by x-ray magnetic circular/linear dichroism
- 2011
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Ingår i: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. - 1098-0121 .- 1550-235X. ; 84:5, s. 054448-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Element-specific magnetic properties of epitaxial Co(2)Fe(x)Mn(1-x)Si/MgO(100) Heusler films prepared by laser ablation are measured by circular dichroism in x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XMCD). Surface and bulk magnetization of the 100-nm-thick films are equal as tested by comparing the total electron yield and transmission measurements and follow the generalized Slater-Pauling rule. For Co(2)FeSi, the large magnetization of 6 mu(B) per formula unit indicates half-metallic behavior. Calculations using the local spin density approximation (LDA) result in a half-metallic band structure for this compound when an additional electron-electron-correlation correction (LDA + U) is considered. Simulated XMCD spectra using the LDA and LDA + U approaches are compared to the experimental spectra. While the electron-electron Coulomb correlation has only a small effect on the observable XMCD spectra, the calculations predict that it will cause a significant change in the x-ray magnetic linear dichroism (XMLD).
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| 5. |
- Lytvynenko, Y., et al.
(författare)
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Control of the asymmetric band structure in Mn2Au by a ferromagnetic driver layer
- 2023
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Ingår i: Physical Review B. - 2469-9950 .- 2469-9969. ; 108:10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hard x-ray angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy reveals the momentum-resolved band structure in an epitaxial Mn2Au(001) film capped by a 2-nm-thick ferromagnetic permalloy layer. By magnetizing the permalloy capping layer, the exceptionally strong exchange bias aligns the Néel vector in the Mn2Au(001) film accordingly. Uncompensated interface Mn magnetic moments in Mn2Au were identified as the origin of the exchange bias using x-ray magnetic circular dichroism in combination with photoelectron emission microscopy. Using time-of-flight momentum microscopy, we measure the asymmetry of the band structure, E(k)≠E(-k), in Mn2Au resulting from the homogeneous orientation of the Néel vector. Comparison with theory shows that the Néel vector, determined by the magnetic moment of the top Mn layer, is antiparallel to the permalloy magnetization. The experimental results demonstrate that hard x-ray photoemission spectroscopy can measure the band structure of epitaxial layers beneath a metallic capping layer and corroborate the asymmetric band structure in Mn2Au that was previously inferred only indirectly.
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| 6. |
- Mariager, S. O., et al.
(författare)
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Structural and magnetic dynamics in the magnetic shape-memory alloy Ni2MnGa
- 2014
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Ingår i: Physical Review B (Condensed Matter and Materials Physics). - 1098-0121. ; 90:16
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Magnetic shape-memory Heusler alloys are multiferroics stabilized by the correlations between electronic, magnetic, and structural order. To study these correlations we use time-resolved x-ray diffraction and magneto-optical Kerr effect experiments to measure the laser induced dynamics in a Heusler alloy Ni2MnGa film and reveal a set of time scales intrinsic to the system. We observe a coherent phonon which we identify as the amplitudon of the modulated structure and an ultrafast phase transition leading to a quenching of the incommensurate modulation within 300 fs with a recovery time of a few ps. The thermally driven martensitic transition to the high temperature cubic phase proceeds via nucleation within a few ps and domain growth limited by the speed of sound. The demagnetization time is 320 fs, which is comparable to the quenching of the structural modulation.
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| 7. |
- Schönhense, G., et al.
(författare)
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Suppression of the vacuum space-charge effect in fs-photoemission by a retarding electrostatic front lens
- 2021
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Ingår i: Review of Scientific Instruments. - : American Institute of Physics (AIP). - 0034-6748 .- 1089-7623. ; 92:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The performance of time-resolved photoemission experiments at fs-pulsed photon sources is ultimately limited by the e-e Coulomb interaction, downgrading energy and momentum resolution. Here, we present an approach to effectively suppress space-charge artifacts in momentum microscopes and photoemission microscopes. A retarding electrostatic field generated by a special objective lens repels slow electrons, retaining the k-image of the fast photoelectrons. The suppression of space-charge effects scales with the ratio of the photoelectron velocities of fast and slow electrons. Fields in the range from -20 to -1100 V/mm for E-kin = 100 eV to 4 keV direct secondaries and pump-induced slow electrons back to the sample surface. Ray tracing simulations reveal that this happens within the first 40 to 3 mu m above the sample surface for E-kin = 100 eV to 4 keV. An optimized front-lens design allows switching between the conventional accelerating and the new retarding mode. Time-resolved experiments at E-kin = 107 eV using fs extreme ultraviolet probe pulses from the free-electron laser FLASH reveal that the width of the Fermi edge increases by just 30 meV at an incident pump fluence of 22 mJ/cm(2) (retarding field -21 V/mm). For an accelerating field of +2 kV/mm and a pump fluence of only 5 mJ/cm(2), it increases by 0.5 eV (pump wavelength 1030 nm). At the given conditions, the suppression mode permits increasing the slow-electron yield by three to four orders of magnitude. The feasibility of the method at high energies is demonstrated without a pump beam at E-kin = 3830 eV using hard x rays from the storage ring PETRA III. The approach opens up a previously inaccessible regime of pump fluences for photoemission experiments.
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| 8. |
- Emmel, M., et al.
(författare)
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Electronic properties of Co2FeSi investigated by X-ray magnetic linear dichroism
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials. - : Elsevier BV. - 0304-8853 .- 1873-4766. ; 368, s. 364-373
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present experimental XMLD spectra measured on epitaxial (001)-oriented thin Co2FeSi films, which are rich in features and depend sensitively on the degree of atomic order and interdiffusion from capping layers. Al- and Cr-capped films with different degrees of atomic order were prepared by DC magnetron sputtering by varying the deposition temperatures. The local structural properties of the film samples were additionally investigated by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements. The XMLD spectra of the different samples show clear and uniform trends at the L-3,L-2 edges. The Al-capped samples show similar behavior as previous measured XMLD spectra of Co2FeSi0.6Al0.4. Thus, we assume that during deposition Al atoms are being implanted into the subsurface of Co2FeSi. Such an interdiffusion is not observed for the corresponding Cr-capped films, which makes Cr the material of choice for capping Co2FeSi films. We report stronger XMLD intensities at the L-3,L-2 Co and Fe egdes for films with a higher saturation magnetization. Additionally, we compare the spectra with ab initio predictions and obtain a reasonably good agreement. Furthermore, we were able to detect an XMCD signal at the Si Ledge, indicating the presence of a magnetic moment at the Si atoms.
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| 9. |
- Hild, K., et al.
(författare)
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Dominance of the first excitation step for magnetic circular dichroism in near-threshold two-photon photoemission
- 2012
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Ingår i: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. - 1098-0121 .- 1550-235X. ; 85:1, s. 014426-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) in near-threshold photoemission is measured for a perpendicularly magnetized Cs/Co/Pt(111) film with work function adjusted by Cs adsorption. For one-photon photoemission (1PPE) the MCD asymmetry is recorded at a fixed photon energy of h nu = 3.06 eV and varying work function Phi. The asymmetry shows a nonmonotonous behavior in dependence of the excess energy h nu-Phi with a maximum value of A(1PPE) = 6.2 % at Phi = 2.45 eV. The measurement explores the first excitation step of a former two-photon photoemission (2PPE) measurement with A(2PPE) = 8.4% demonstrating that in 2PPE from Co(111) the first excitation step is the dominant asymmetry-generating process. An energy-dependent measurement in 2PPE at reduced work function (Phi approximate to 3 eV) yields a constant asymmetry of about 17% in the photon energy range between h nu = 1.53-1.66 eV. It reveals that for Co(111) the involvement of a real intermediate state is crucial for enlarged MCD asymmetries. Both results are discussed in the framework of direct interband transitions in directions deviating from the direction of normal electron emission Gamma-L. The 1PPE measurement is in reasonable agreement with calculations on the basis of this model. This reveals that an ab initio calculation considering all directions of excitation with an additional restriction in energy due to the existence of the sample work function in the photoemission process adequately describes MCD asymmetries in near-threshold photoemission.
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| 10. |
- Hild, K., et al.
(författare)
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Energy- and angle-dependent threshold photoemission magnetic circular dichroism from an ultrathin Co/Pt(111) film
- 2010
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Ingår i: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. - 1098-0121 .- 1550-235X. ; 82:19, s. 195430-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Threshold photoemission magnetic circular dichroism (TPMCD) in one-photon photoemission (1PPE) and two-photon photoemission (2PPE) is measured at an ultrathin Co film grown on Pt(111). Energy-dependent measurements reveal maximum asymmetries directly at the photoemission threshold (1.90% for 1PPE and 11.7% for 2PPE) which weakly decrease with increasing photon energy. The measured TPMCD asymmetries are discussed in two excitation models on the basis of spin-resolved band-structure calculations. For the model of direct band-to-band transitions in other k directions than the direction of observation (Gamma-L) ab initio calculations for 1PPE and 2PPE are performed. The theory is in reasonable agreement with the measured TPMCD responses. An explanation of the large 2PPE TPMCD signal is provided in terms of specific interband excitations within the first excitation step. In the case of 2PPE angle-dependent measurements reveal a continuous drop of the asymmetry with increasing angle of incidence that agrees perfectly well with a calculation using the Fresnel equations. For 1PPE a deviation from the Fresnel-field approximation is obvious.
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