| 1. |
- Elrick-Barr, Carmen E., et al.
(författare)
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Current Information Provision Rarely Helps Coastal Households Adapt to Climate Change
- 2022
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Ingår i: Sustainability. - : MDPI AG. - 2071-1050. ; 14:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Households play an important role in reducing coastal vulnerability through individual and collective action. Information provision is a key strategy adopted by governments to support household adaptation. However, there is limited evidence of the effectiveness of the different types of information and their influence on coastal household response. Drawing on case study research in two Australian coastal communities, we explore the types of information shaping household responses to three hazard scenarios: a heatwave, a severe storm, and sea-level rise. We find that passive information informs action in fewer than half of all households. Furthermore, even current attempts at more action-oriented information only informs coping strategies. If coastal adaptation is to achieve the transformational changes vital to manage the impacts of climate change, information provision must transition from passive and generic delivery via traditional modes, to actively communicating adaptation as the 'glue' between hazard management and household resilience through context-relevant and household-driven communication modes. Further research into the types of information that promote more-than-coping responses, such as information to facilitate collective action, is also recommended.
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| 2. |
- Elrick-Barr, Carmen E., et al.
(författare)
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Governance innovations in the coastal zone : Towards social-ecological resilience
- 2024
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Ingår i: Environmental Science and Policy. - : Elsevier. - 1462-9011 .- 1873-6416. ; 153
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Innovation is championed to enable transformation towards social-ecological resilience in coastal communities. Yet, innovation in coastal areas is not well understood with limited research concerning the nature of innovations and determinants of success. Analysis of interviews with 68 coastal and community key informants in Australia's most rapidly growing coastal communities revealed that despite high levels of individual capacity (e.g., among coastal managers and community service providers) and good-practice policy, most innovations were limited in scale and insufficient for transformative change. All too familiar barriers included limited financial and human capacity, and a culture of 'failure avoidance' in government. Nevertheless, a small number of exemplars avoided these constraints by implementing systemic solutions that addressed socio-ecological challenges and built community resilience. Individual and community capacity for such innovation was built prior to crisis events and consisted of experience/knowledge, extensive and diverse social networks, and resource mobilisation skills. The findings provide further evidence of the critical importance of investing in communities before, during, and following crisis-in other words, continually.
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| 3. |
- Elrick-Barr, Carmen E., et al.
(författare)
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Is ‘hope’ helpful or a hinderance? : Implications for coastal governance
- 2024
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Ingår i: Ocean and Coastal Management. - : Elsevier. - 0964-5691 .- 1873-524X. ; 248
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Projected population growth and climate change paint an increasingly bleak picture for many coastal communities and their already threatened ecosystems. Yet, coastal managers and residents provide expressions of hope. In this short communication we reflect on the findings of a four-year research project examining coastal governance in rapidly growing Australian coastal communities. Practitioners shared their perspectives on current coastal governance approaches and were hopeful that sought-after goals would be achieved. However, hopefulness contrasts with self-reported barriers to change and limited evidence of transformative action. Thus, we ask whether hopefulness is misplaced, and a barrier to change, or whether hope remains a necessary precursor to transformative action. We find it is both: hope can provide a vision for a resilient future and a beacon towards the challenge of creating novel, exciting, and equitable futures. Yet, hope is insufficient unless accompanied by actions for resilient social and ecological communities. Hope without action is baseless and exacerbates vulnerability by limiting proactive responses, squandering valuable time, and further weakening systems. The findings have relevance in responding to global environmental challenges by distinguishing between ‘hope that helps’ versus ‘hope that hinders’ in the governance of complex systems.
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| 4. |
- Elrick-Barr, Carmen E., et al.
(författare)
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Policy is rarely intentional or substantial for coastal issues in Australia
- 2021
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Ingår i: Ocean and Coastal Management. - : Elsevier. - 0964-5691 .- 1873-524X. ; 207
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The condition of coastal areas around the world continues to decline despite over 50 years of integrated coastal management efforts. A myriad of institutional instruments such as legislation, policies and plans influence decisions made in the coastal zone. Despite this, there is limited comprehensive analysis of the degree to which institutional arrangements are focused on coastal issues and able to progress coastal management objectives. To address this gap we developed and applied an intentionality and substantiality framework to analyse 92 instruments with a role in coastal management at State, regional and local scales in Australia. We found that: (i) threats to Australia's coast are not adequately identified or managed via institutional instruments; (ii) institutional instruments do not make a contribution to coastal management unless intentionally designed to do so; and (iii) even in the presence of intention, comprehensiveness in the proposed actions is limited. The lack of comprehensive action is particularly evident in instruments operating at the local scale. Consequently, a reliance on local scale support to meet coastal management objectives in isolation is misplaced. While some States have recently implemented coastal reforms, the findings show that the decline in coastal condition is unlikely to be comprehensively addressed through current institutional arrangements.
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| 5. |
- Elrick-Barr, Carmen E., et al.
(författare)
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Problem framing for Australian coastal management
- 2022
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Ingår i: Environmental Science and Policy. - : Elsevier. - 1462-9011 .- 1873-6416. ; 127, s. 218-227
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- How we define our problems determines the solutions; yet problem framing within coastal management is rarely critiqued. Consequently, opportunities for comprehensive policy response, vital in addressing the complex challenges impacting the coast, are missed. To address this gap, we develop and apply coastal sustainability paradigms to critique 48 institutional instruments contributing to coastal management in Australia. In doing so, we uncover similarities and differences in the framing of coastal sustainability within Australian coastal management. An anthropocentric framing dominates, particularly at the local scale, prioritising humans over the environment. However, differences exist between and within jurisdictions based on sector and recency of policy reform. We also find evidence of problem-solution coupling, with some States prioritising hazard management over coastal management, through legislative backing of select instruments and sectors. The findings provide those involved in the complex system of coastal governance with the information needed to consider how the chosen framing supports or impedes public engagement and cross-scale and cross-sector coordination.
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| 6. |
- Elrick-Barr, Carmen E., et al.
(författare)
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Third-generation adaptive capacity assessment for climate-resilient development
- 2022
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Ingår i: Climate and Development. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1756-5529 .- 1756-5537. ; 15:6, s. 518-521
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Human development seeks to enlarge freedoms by building capacity and is integral to achieving sustainable development, particularly in the era of the Anthropocene. However, the efficiency and effectiveness of capacity building is limited. First-generation adaptive capacity emphasizes a deficit model. Second-generation adaptive capacity focuses on mobilization by individuals. Neither adequately address the issue of scale, nor recognize how stocks of capacity are enhanced or diminished through interactions between individuals and groups. Addressing these shortcomings and realizing climate-resilient development, is contingent upon a next (third) generation of adaptive capacity that incorporates the transfer of capacity.
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| 7. |
- Huddleston, Pippa, et al.
(författare)
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Adapting critical infrastructure to climate change : A scoping review
- 2022
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Ingår i: Environmental Science and Policy. - : Elsevier. - 1462-9011 .- 1873-6416. ; 135, s. 67-76
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Critical infrastructure is a foundational component of a functional society and is under threat from the impacts of climate change. To ensure communities are not left without fundamental supplies and services, the adaptation of critical infrastructure to climate change needs to be understood holistically. This paper uses a scoping literature review to investigate the relationship between critical infrastructure and climate change. In the absence of a common definition for adaptive critical infrastructure, an outcomes-based definition is proposed that captures the four types of critical infrastructure: physical, ecological, institutional and cultural. A typology was developed to critically interrogate the focus of adaptive critical infrastructure. It shows that the focus across elements such as conceptualisation and management ranges from tangible to intangible infrastructure, and from positivist to interpretivist in approach. The literature review identified relationship-building as a key management objective across the spectrums. The typology contributes knowledge on how the choice of infrastructure focus and adaptation methods influences adaptation outcomes and path dependencies.
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| 8. |
- Huddleston, Pippa, et al.
(författare)
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What influences the adaptive capacity of coastal critical infrastructure providers?
- 2023
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Ingår i: Urban Climate. - : Elsevier. - 2212-0955. ; 48
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Maintaining critical infrastructure functionality in the face of climate change through adaptation is a pressing issue for organisations responsible for critical infrastructure - especially in coastal areas. It is equally pressing to ensure those organisations have the capacity to adapt. The Adaptive Capacity Wheel was used to understand perceptions of the adaptive capacity held by critical infrastructure providers who have assets in locations at risk to the impacts of coastal hazards in Australia and Aotearoa-New Zealand. The findings demonstrate that those in executive man-agement positions perceive the level of adaptive capacity to be higher than those at lower organisational levels. This is problematic as those tasked with implementing adaptive actions generally sit below the executive level. Leadership was overwhelmingly recognised as the most important element of adaptive capacity and dependencies emerged between leadership and other indicators of adaptive capacity. This article provides valuable insights into how critical infra-structure providers in Australia and Aotearoa-New Zealand are equipped to adapt to climate change. The findings indicate that building adaptive capacity within these organisations will begin with looking at the capabilities of the leadership.
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| 9. |
- Mallette, Angela, et al.
(författare)
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Understanding Preferences for Coastal Climate Change Adaptation : A Systematic Literature Review
- 2021
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Ingår i: Sustainability. - : MDPI. - 2071-1050. ; 13:15
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lack of public support for coastal adaptation can present significant barriers for implementation. In response, policy makers and academics are seeking strategies to build public support for coastal adaptation, which requires a deeper understanding of peoples' preferences for coastal adaptation and what motives those preferences. Here, we conduct a systematic literature review to understand preferences for coastal adaptation options and the factors influencing these preferences. Ninety peer-reviewed publications meet the inclusion criteria. The findings revealed that hard protection options were often the most frequently preferred, likely due to a desire to maintain current shoreline, for the protection of recreational spaces and private property, and a perceived effectiveness of hard protection options. Soft protection, including nature-based approaches, accommodation, and no action were the next most preferred options. Finally, retreat options were the least preferred, often due to strong place attachment. We identify twenty-eight factors that could influence preferences, with risk perception, place attachment, and financial considerations occurring most frequently in the literature. In the conclusion, we outline the most significant research gaps identified from our analysis and discuss the implication for adaptation research and practice.
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| 10. |
- Nunn, Patrick D., et al.
(författare)
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Path Dependency and Future Adaptation of Coastal Cities : Examples From the Asia-Pacific
- 2021
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Environmental Science. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 2296-665X. ; 9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The need for Asia-Pacific coastal cities to adapt effectively and sustainably to accelerating (relative) sea-level rise is growing. If such adaptation does not occur in a timely manner, then it could result in socio-economic problems that will reverberate throughout the region. Using examples of coastal Asia-Pacific cities that are characterised by contrasting geographical settings and cultural contexts, this study argues that the main barrier to such adaptation is path dependency. In this sense, path dependency is a legacy of past decisions that have been influenced by topography, economic goals, and the cultural-political characteristics of key decision-making groups. These path dependencies manifest as various adaptation preferences, which to date have been dominated by hard engineering solutions. In an era of accelerating climate change there is now a need to seek alternatives to in-situ urban growth. This paper argues that an understanding of a city's path dependency is key to optimizing the effectiveness of future adaptation.
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