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- Thiele, I., et al.
(författare)
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A community-driven global reconstruction of human metabolism
- 2013
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Ingår i: Nature Biotechnology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1087-0156 .- 1546-1696. ; 31:5, s. 419-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Multiple models of human metabolism have been reconstructed, but each represents only a subset of our knowledge. Here we describe Recon 2, a community-driven, consensus 'metabolic reconstruction', which is the most comprehensive representation of human metabolism that is applicable to computational modeling. Compared with its predecessors, the reconstruction has improved topological and functional features, including similar to 2x more reactions and similar to 1.7x more unique metabolites. Using Recon 2 we predicted changes in metabolite biomarkers for 49 inborn errors of metabolism with 77% accuracy when compared to experimental data. Mapping metabolomic data and drug information onto Recon 2 demonstrates its potential for integrating and analyzing diverse data types. Using protein expression data, we automatically generated a compendium of 65 cell type-specific models, providing a basis for manual curation or investigation of cell-specific metabolic properties. Recon 2 will facilitate many future biomedical studies and is freely available at http://humanmetabolism.org/.
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- Svensson, P. Andreas, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Experimentally induced divergence of carotenoid usage in male guppy ornaments
- 2014
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Females are often believed to use male ornaments as observable indicators of non-observable male traits. However, if signal form (e.g. coloration) is highly flexible, its link to signal content (e.g. quality) should be unreliable. Therefore, it is often implicitly assumed that signals are heavily constrained and relatively stable over generations. One popular illustration of costly ornaments is carotenoid-based colour signals. Recent but indirect evidence suggest that such signals may in fact evolve rapidly, but this has not been tested experimentally. We exposed large replicated populations of guppies (Poecilia reticulata; effective population sizes >1000) to three environmental conditions in a multi-generation experiment. The treatments differed in the spectral composition of ambient light by using colour filters which affected how male colours were percieved. This, in turn, was expected to lead to male coloration divergence between treatments due to female choice. In addition, the filters affected the micro-flora and -fauna, which are dietary sources of ornamental pigments. Male skin carotenoids were analysed after 3 and 5 generations. In this short time, populations had diverged in male coloration and in the carotenoid composition of sexual ornaments. A second experiment disentangled environmental and genetic effects. Our study demonstrates evolutionary innovation in signal traits, and how dietary-driven responses to environmental change can impact sexual ornaments.
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- Svensson, P. Andreas, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Quantifying ornamental carotenoids in male guppies, Poecilia reticulata
- 2012
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Ingår i: 5th International Conference of Poeciliid Biologists (Trinidad and Tobago).
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- For over 30 years, the orange spots of male guppies have been an iconic example of carotenoid-based ornamentation. The humble guppy was the first of many model species used to study carotenoids in sexual coloration and it is a favoured text book example of signal evolution. It is therefore rather surprising that few have attempted to identify and quantify the carotenoids present in guppies. With some exceptions (most notably Greg Grether's work), researchers have instead tried to infer pigment concentration from colorimetric techniques such as reflectance spectrophotometry or photography. Three major obstacles exist for accurate biochemical determination the carotenoids present in guppies. First, the small body size means that only miniscule amounts are available for analysis. Second, fish skin carotenoids are esterified and samples therefore require potentially destructive hydrolysis. Third, some of the carotenoids are structurally similar, which poses a challenge for successful separation. We have developed a method to identify and quantify the individual carotenoids in guppy skin by using mild saponifiction followed by normal phase high performance liquid chromatography (NP-HPLC). It provides effective hydrolysis of the carotenoid esters without damage to the pigments and is sensitive enough to quantify the carotenoids in a single skin spot. We also used different photographic techniques to measure coloration of both free-swimming and sedated male guppies to investigate how accurate photographic methods are in estimating carotenoid levels.
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