| 1. |
- Eneroth, Åsa
(författare)
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Bacteriological Hygiene in the Production of Pasteurised Milk
- 1999
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Critical contamination sites and sources for the Gram-negative psychrotrophs (GNP) of the taxa Pseudomonas, Enterobacteriaceae and Aeromonas, and the Gram-positive spore-forming (GPS) species Bacillus cereus, have been traced in the production line of pasteurised milk. Samples of raw and pasteurised milk from different sampling sites along the line were collected. After incubation at 7°C until the total aerobic plate count reached 106 to 107 cfu/ml, or the number of GPS exceeded 104 cfu/ml isolates were picked randomly and identified. All GNP present in the raw milk were properly killed during pasteurisation. A recontamination by GNP was observed in 40% of the consumer packages. This recontamination was focused to the filling procedure, and Pseudomonas was the dominating GNP in all packages. Environmental samples, as water from different water sources in the dairy plant, air collected by a RCS-sampler on water-agar strips, and empty, formed and sealed packages taken from the filling machines, were inoculated with sterile milk. GNP isolates were randomly picked and identified after incubation at 7°C. Samples of water and air collected in the immediate surroundings of the filling machine contained large numbers of GNP causing growth in refrigerated milk. GNP isolates from the milk samples and from the environmental samples were genomically typed by the PCR-based method Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD). The RAPD-typing showed that there are many different RAPD-types involved in the recontamination of pasteurised milk. Several of the milk contaminating RAPD-types were found in condensed water on the filling nozzles, in waste-water at the bottom of the filling machine, and in air surrounding the filling machine. Some contaminating RAPD-types were present inside the filling machine over long periods, especially at the bottom of the filling machine. The effect on post-pasteurisation contamination by reducing the usage of water around the filling machine was studied. A clear link between the usage of water inside the machine and the frequency of consumer packages contaminated by GNP was found. B. cereus were involved in, and sometimes solely responsible for, the spoilage of pasteurised milk. The B. cereus infection can originate from heat-resistant spores present in the raw milk, but B. cereus can also enter the milk at the dairy plant. By using traditional microbiological methods and RAPD-typing, the pasteurised milk was once found to be contaminated by B. cereus while passing through one pasteuriser, and commonly found to be contaminated during the filling procedure.
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| 2. |
- Eneroth, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
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Contamination of pasteurised milk by Bacillus cereus in the filling machine
- 2001
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Ingår i: Journal of Dairy Research. - 0022-0299. ; 68:2, s. 189-196
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The contamination of pasteurized milk by Bacillus cereus during the ®lling process was studied in two dairy plants. Samples of pasteurized milk were taken at four different sites along the production line. The samples were stored at 7 °C for 7 d, or at 10 °C for 5 d, before plate counting and random selection of B. cereus isolates. Isolates of B. cereus were typed by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based method randomly ampli®ed polymorphic DNA (RAPD). Samples taken at three different sites between the pasteurizer and the ®lling machine were all holding similar low concentrations of B. cereus, while an increase of the B. cereus count was seen in the consumer packages. More B. cereus of different RAPD types was growing in the consumer packages than in samples taken just before the ®lling machine. Several RAPD types found in the consumer packages were not detected in the samples taken just before the ®lling machine.
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| 3. |
- Itkonen, Suvi T., et al.
(författare)
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Vitamin D status and current policies to achieve adequate vitamin D intake in the Nordic countries
- 2021
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : Sage Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 49:6, s. 616-627
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: Nordic countries share fairly similar food culture and geographical location as well as common nutrition recommendations. The aim of this paper was to review the latest data on vitamin D status and intake and to describe the national supplementation and food fortification policies to achieve adequate vitamin D intake in the Nordic countries. Methods: The data are based on results derived from a literature search presented in a workshop held in Helsinki in November 2018 and completed by recent studies. Results: Vitamin D policies and the implementation of the recommendations differ among the Nordic countries. Vitamin D fortification policies can be mandatory or voluntary and widespread, moderate or non-existent. Vitamin D supplementation recommendations differ, ranging from all age groups being advised to take supplements to only infants. In the general adult population of the Nordic countries, vitamin D status and intake are better than in the risk groups that are not consuming vitamin D supplements or foods containing vitamin D. Non-Western immigrant populations in all Nordic countries share the problem of vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency. Conclusions: Despite the common nutrition recommendations, there are differences between the Nordic countries in the implementation of the recommendations and policies to achieve adequate vitamin D intake and status. There is a need for wider Nordic collaboration studies as well as strategies to improve vitamin D status, especially in risk groups.
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| 4. |
- Kilbo Edlund, Karl, et al.
(författare)
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Long-term ambient air pollution and coronary atherosclerosis : results from the Swedish SCAPIS study
- 2024
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Ingår i: Atherosclerosis. - : Elsevier. - 0021-9150 .- 1879-1484.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and aims: Despite firm evidence for an association between long-term ambient air pollution exposure and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, results from epidemiological studies on the association between air pollution exposure and atherosclerosis have not been consistent. We investigated associations between long-term low-level air pollution exposure and coronary atherosclerosis.Methods: We performed a cross-sectional analysis in the large Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImaging Study (SCAPIS, n = 30 154), a random general population sample. Concentrations of total and locally emitted particulate matter <2.5 μm (PM2.5), <10 μm (PM10), and nitrogen oxides (NOx) at the residential address were modelled using high-resolution dispersion models. We estimated associations between air pollution exposures and segment involvement score (SIS), coronary artery calcification score (CACS), number of non-calcified plaques (NCP), and number of significant stenoses, using ordinal regression models extensively adjusted for potential confounders.Results: Median 10-year average PM2.5 exposure was 6.2 μg/m3 (range 3.5–13.4 μg/m3). 51 % of participants were women and 51 % were never-smokers. None of the assessed pollutants were associated with a higher SIS or CACS. Exposure to PM2.5 was associated with NCP (adjusted OR 1.34, 95 % CI 1.13, 1.58, per 2.05 μg/m3). Associations with significant stenoses were inconsistent.Conclusions: In this large, middle-aged general population sample with low exposure levels, air pollution was not associated with measures of total burden of coronary atherosclerosis. However, PM2.5 appeared to be associated with a higher prevalence of non-calcified plaques. The results suggest that increased risk of early-stage atherosclerosis or rupture, but not increased total atherosclerotic burden, may be a pathway for long-term air pollution effects on cardiovascular disease.
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| 5. |
- Kilbo Edlund, Karl, et al.
(författare)
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Long-term ambient air pollution and coronary atherosclerosis: Results from the Swedish SCAPIS study.
- 2024
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Ingår i: Atherosclerosis. - 1879-1484.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Despite firm evidence for an association between long-term ambient air pollution exposure and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, results from epidemiological studies on the association between air pollution exposure and atherosclerosis have not been consistent. We investigated associations between long-term low-level air pollution exposure and coronary atherosclerosis.We performed a cross-sectional analysis in the large Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImaging Study (SCAPIS, n=30154), a random general population sample. Concentrations of total and locally emitted particulate matter <2.5μm (PM2.5), <10μm (PM10), and nitrogen oxides (NOx) at the residential address were modelled using high-resolution dispersion models. We estimated associations between air pollution exposures and segment involvement score (SIS), coronary artery calcification score (CACS), number of non-calcified plaques (NCP), and number of significant stenoses, using ordinal regression models extensively adjusted for potential confounders.Median 10-year average PM2.5 exposure was 6.2μg/m3 (range 3.5-13.4μg/m3). 51% of participants were women and 51% were never-smokers. None of the assessed pollutants were associated with a higher SIS or CACS. Exposure to PM2.5 was associated with NCP (adjusted OR 1.34, 95% CI 1.13, 1.58, per 2.05μg/m3). Associations with significant stenoses were inconsistent.In this large, middle-aged general population sample with low exposure levels, air pollution was not associated with measures of total burden of coronary atherosclerosis. However, PM2.5 appeared to be associated with a higher prevalence of non-calcified plaques. The results suggest that increased risk of early-stage atherosclerosis or rupture, but not increased total atherosclerotic burden, may be a pathway for long-term air pollution effects on cardiovascular disease.
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| 6. |
- Melhus, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
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Levofloxacin-associated Achilles tendon rupture and tendinopathy
- 2003
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0036-5548 .- 1651-1980. ; 35:10, s. 768-770
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fluoroquinolones have a documented ability to induce Achilles tendinopathy. Hitherto, few published reports have implicated levofloxacin. This article reports 5 cases of Achilles tendon disorders, including 3 complicated by rupture of the tendon, during levofloxacin treatment of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
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| 7. |
- Nilsson, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Synthesis and SAR of potent inhibitors of the Hepatitis C virus NS3/4A protease : exploration of P2 quinazoline substituents.
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Novel NS3/4A protease inhibitors comprising quinazoline derivatives as P2 substituent were synthesized. High potency inhibitors displaying advantageous PK properties have been obtained through the optimization of quinazoline P2 substituents in three series of macrocyclic P2 cyclopentane dicarboxylic acid and P2 proline urea motifs. For the quinazoline moiety it was found that 8-methyl substitution for the P2 cyclopentane dicarboxylic acid series improved on the stability in human liver microsomes. By comparison, the proline urea series displayed advantageous Caco-2 permeability over the cyclopentane series. properties were assessed in rat on selected compounds. Excellent exposure and liver–to-plasma ratios were demonstrated for a member of the 14-membered quinazoline substituted P2 proline urea series. In vivo pharmacokinetic properties were assessed in rat on selected compounds. Excellent exposure and liver–to-plasma ratios were demonstrated for a member of the 14-membered quinazoline substituted P2 proline urea series.
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| 8. |
- Skog, Kerstin, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of different cooking methods on the formation of mutagenic compounds in meat.
- 2003
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Ingår i: International Journal of Food Science & Technology. - : Wiley. - 0950-5423 .- 1365-2621. ; 38:3, s. 313-323
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hamburgers and chicken fillets were cooked in convection ovens, deep-fried or contact fried and analysed for mutagenic activity using the Ames test. For the three different convection ovens, the cooking parameters studied included the presence of steam, air velocity, air temperature and holding time. For deep-frying and contact frying, the cooking parameters included cooking temperature and cooking time. In cooked hamburgers, mutagenic activity was only detected in those that had been deep-fried. In chicken fillets, mutagenic activity was detected in samples prepared with all cooking methods, being highest in the deep-fried samples. Factorial analysis indicated that heat transfer was the most important factor affecting mutagenic activity. High temperature and high air velocity in the convection ovens enhanced mutagenic activity. The presence of steam reduced the mutagenic activity, except when high temperature was used in combination with high air velocity. In chicken fillets, high mutagenic activity correlated to high weight loss during cooking. Pan-fried chicken fillets were analysed using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and the mutagenic/carcinogenic heterocyclic amines 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]-quinoxaline (MeIQx), 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo-[4,5-b]-pyridine (PhIP) and the co-mutagenic heterocyclic amine Norharman (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]-indole) were identified. The HPLC fractions were tested for mutagenic activity and, apart from the mutagenic fractions corresponding to MeIQx and PhIP, several mutagenic fractions were detected that did not correspond to known heterocyclic amines.
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