| 1. |
- Dingemanse, M., et al.
(author)
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Beyond Single-Mindedness: A Figure-Ground Reversal for the Cognitive Sciences
- 2023
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In: Cognitive Science. - : Wiley. - 0364-0213 .- 1551-6709. ; 47:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A fundamental fact about human minds is that they are never truly alone: all minds are steeped in situated interaction. That social interaction matters is recognized by any experimentalist who seeks to exclude its influence by studying individuals in isolation. On this view, interaction complicates cognition. Here, we explore the more radical stance that interaction co-constitutes cognition: that we benefit from looking beyond single minds toward cognition as a process involving interacting minds. All around the cognitive sciences, there are approaches that put interaction center stage. Their diverse and pluralistic origins may obscure the fact that collectively, they harbor insights and methods that can respecify foundational assumptions and fuel novel interdisciplinary work. What might the cognitive sciences gain from stronger interactional foundations? This represents, we believe, one of the key questions for the future. Writing as a transdisciplinary collective assembled from across the classic cognitive science hexagon and beyond, we highlight the opportunity for a figure-ground reversal that puts interaction at the heart of cognition. The interactive stance is a way of seeing that deserves to be a key part of the conceptual toolkit of cognitive scientists.
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| 2. |
- Leahy, M.J., et al.
(author)
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Biophotonic methods in microcirculation imaging
- 2007
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In: Medical Laser Application. - : Elsevier BV. - 1615-1615 .- 1878-3228. ; 22:2, s. 105-126
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Visible and near-infrared light, particularly in the wavelength region of 600-1100 nm, offer a window into human and animal tissues due to reduced scattering and absorption. We review the main biophotonic methods applied to visualisation and assessment of the microcirculation and document the progress made over the past 10 years in particular. Applications, particularly in human skin, are of special topical importance due to an improved knowledge of its role and its value as a surrogate for other organs in drug testing at a time when drug development is under severe pressure. © 2007.
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| 3. |
- Majid, Asifa, et al.
(author)
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Differential coding of perception in the world's languages
- 2018
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In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424. ; 115:45, s. 11369-11376
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Is there a universal hierarchy of the senses, such that some senses (e.g., vision) are more accessible to consciousness and linguistic description than others (e.g., smell)? The long-standing presumption in Western thought has been that vision and audition are more objective than the other senses, serving as the basis of knowledge and understanding, whereas touch, taste, and smell are crude and of little value. This predicts that humans ought to be better at communicating about sight and hearing than the other senses, and decades of work based on English and related languages certainly suggests this is true. However, how well does this reflect the diversity of languages and communities worldwide? To test whether there is a universal hierarchy of the senses, stimuli from the five basic senses were used to elicit descriptions in 20 diverse languages, including 3 unrelated sign languages. We found that languages differ fundamentally in which sensory domains they linguistically code systematically, and how they do so. The tendency for better coding in some domains can be explained in part by cultural preoccupations. Although languages seem free to elaborate specific sensory domains, some general tendencies emerge: for example, with some exceptions, smell is poorly coded. The surprise is that, despite the gradual phylogenetic accumulation of the senses, and the imbalances in the neural tissue dedicated to them, no single hierarchy of the senses imposes itself upon language.
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