| 1. |
- Bousquet, Francois, et al.
(författare)
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Resilience and development : mobilizing for transformation
- 2016
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Ingår i: Ecology and Society. - 1708-3087. ; 21:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In 2014, the Third International Conference on the resilience of social-ecological systems chose the theme resilience and development: mobilizing for transformation. The conference aimed specifically at fostering an encounter between the experiences and thinking focused on the issue of resilience through a social and ecological system perspective, and the experiences focused on the issue of resilience through a development perspective. In this perspectives piece, we reflect on the outcomes of the meeting and document the differences and similarities between the two perspectives as discussed during the conference, and identify bridging questions designed to guide future interactions. After the conference, we read the documents (abstracts, PowerPoints) that were prepared and left in the conference database by the participants (about 600 contributions), and searched the web for associated items, such as videos, blogs, and tweets from the conference participants. All of these documents were assessed through one lens: what do they say about resilience and development? Once the perspectives were established, we examined different themes that were significantly addressed during the conference. Our analysis paves the way for new collective developments on a set of issues: (1) Who declares/assign/cares for the resilience of what, of whom? (2) What are the models of transformations and how do they combine the respective role of agency and structure? (3) What are the combinations of measurement and assessment processes? (4) At what scale should resilience be studied? Social transformations and scientific approaches are coconstructed. For the last decades, development has been conceived as a modernization process supported by scientific rationality and technical expertise. The definition of a new perspective on development goes with a negotiation on a new scientific approach. Resilience is presently at the center of this negotiation on a new science for development.
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| 2. |
- Enfors-Kautsky, Elin
(författare)
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Samförvaltning av interagerande ekosystemtjänster i Helgeåns avrinningsområde
- 2019
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Det stora genombrott som ekosystemtjänstbegreppet har fått öppnar upp nyamöjligheter för att på ett sammanhållet vis arbeta med hållbar utveckling. Menför att operationalisera begreppet i den här kontexten krävs att vi jobbar medbegreppet på ett mer holistiskt, dynamiskt och inkluderande sätt än vad somhittills varit praxis. Den här strävan har utgjort grundbulten i forskningsprojektetsom beskrivs i rapporten. Syftet har varit att, tillsammans meden rad lokala aktörer, tolka landskapet runt Helgeån genom en ekosystemtjänstlins,och gemensamt utforska vägar till en mer hållbar framtid somkaraktäriseras av ett multifunktionellt landskap.I samverkansprocessen första fas gjorde vi ett gemensamt urval av 15 olikaförsörjande, reglerande och kulturella ekosystemtjänster att inkludera i analysen,varpå vi utförde en rumslig analys av produktion av tjänsterna, en jämförandeanalys av efterfrågan i relation till produktionen, samt en så kalladknippesanalys som visade hur tjänsterna förhåller sig till varandra. I samverkansprocessenandra fas utvecklade vi en vision för framtiden som beskrevett mer multifunktionellt landskap, genomförde en systemdynamisk analys somförklarar tre nyckelfrågor relaterat till ekosystemtjänsterna i landskapet sommåste lösas för att kunna nå visionen, och identifierade en rad förvaltningsåtgärdersom gör att det möjligt att närma sig visionen.Den deltagande och iterativa process som användes för att analyseraekosystemtjänsterna i området förbättrade kvaliteten på resultaten avsevärt,jämfört med mer konventionella approacher. Metoden gav en snabb överblickav hur landskapet är sammansatt från ett social-ekologiskt perspektiv ochden bygger på offentliga data, vilket gör den resurseffektiv. Vad det gällerknippesanalysen fann vi att förekomsten av de olika ekosystemtjänsterna ärtydligt aggregerade på en större skala än kommunnivå, med den urbaniseradeslättlandsbyggden i sydväst, det mer varierade produktionslandskapet i sydost,och det av skogsbruk präglade rurala landskapet i norr.Även om vår samverkansprocess inte var knuten till någon formell beslutsprocess,så skapade arbetet med en gemensam vision och utforskandet avsystemdynamik en samsyn mellan deltagarna, som såg ekosystemtjänstersom ett bra begrepp att samlas kring. Arbetet med att identifiera åtgärderutifrånsystemdynamiken resulterade också i en rad innovativa idéer somunder andra omständigheter skulle kunna omsättas i en faktisk aktionsplan.Under resans gång har vi stött på vissa svårigheter med begreppet där vidareutvecklingskulle behövas, bland annat relaterat till tillgång på data och tillhur vi ser på kulturellatjänster. En viktig fråga att ställa sig här är hur långtekosystemtjänstbegreppettar oss i arbetet med hållbar utveckling, och vilkentyp av frågor det inte hjälper oss att svara på.
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| 3. |
- Enfors-Kautsky, Elin, et al.
(författare)
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Wayfinder : a new generation of resilience practice
- 2021
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Ingår i: Ecology and Society. - 1708-3087. ; 26:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Here, we introduce Wayfinder, a novel conceptual framework and a process design for resilience practice. Framed by the Anthropocene argument, and with an explicit social-ecological system focus, the purpose of Wayfinder is to help users navigate toward trajectories of sustainable development. We present the theoretical perspectives that underpin the Wayfinder framework, which draw together and synthesize multiple strands of contemporary resilience thinking. We also describe how we operationalize this framework through an action-oriented process that is designed to facilitate transformative change on the ground. Wayfinder's contribution to resilience theory and practice emerges from the combination of: (1) framing that enables users to address the complex sustainability challenges that we face today, (2) synthesis of recent key advances in resilience science into one comprehensive framework and process, (3) practical guidance that moves beyond an assessment of the current state of affairs and provides concrete advice for planning and action, and (4) emphasis on learning as a key mode of operation in the rapidly changing Anthropocene.
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| 4. |
- Haenke, Hendrik, et al.
(författare)
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Drought tolerant species dominate as rainfall and tree cover returns in the West African Sahel
- 2016
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Ingår i: Land use policy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0264-8377 .- 1873-5754. ; 59, s. 111-120
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- After the severe droughts in the 1970s and 1980s, and subsequent debates about desertification, analyses of satellite images reveal that the West African Sahel has become greener again. In this paper we report a study on changes in tree cover and tree species composition in three village landscapes in northern Burkina Faso, based on a combination of methods: tree density change detection using aerial photos and satellite images, a tree species inventory including size class distribution analysis, and interviews with local farmers about woody vegetation changes. Our results show a decrease in tree cover in the 1970s followed by an increase since the mid-1980s, a pattern correlating with the temporal trends in rainfall as well as remotely sensed greening in the region. However, both the inventory and interview data shows that the species composition has changed substantially towards a higher dominance of drought-resistant and exotic species. This shift, occurring during a period of increasing annual precipitation, points to the complexity of current landscape changes and questions rain as the sole primary driver of the increase in tree cover. We propose that the observed changes in woody vegetation (densities, species composition and spatial distribution) are mediated by changes in land use, including intensification and promotion of drought tolerant and fast growing species. Our findings, which indicate a rather surprising trajectory of land cover change, highlight the importance of studies that integrate evidence of changes in tree density and species composition to complement our understanding of land use and vegetation change trajectories in the Sahel obtained from satellite images. We conclude that a better understanding of the social-ecological relations and emerging land use trajectories that produce new types of agroforestry parklands in the region is of crucial importance for designing suitable policies for climate change adaptation, biodiversity conservation and the sustainable delivery of ecosystem services that benefit local livelihoods in one of the world's poorest regions.
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| 5. |
- Järnberg, Linn, et al.
(författare)
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Green niche actors navigating an opaque opportunity context : Prospects for a sustainable transformation of Ethiopian agriculture
- 2018
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Ingår i: Land use policy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0264-8377 .- 1873-5754. ; 71, s. 409-421
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Identifying trajectories of agricultural development that enable substantial increases in food production is of prime importance for food security and human development in Sub-Saharan Africa in general, and Ethiopia in particular. To ensure long-term welfare for people and landscapes, it is imperative that such agricultural transformations sustain and enhance the natural resource base upon which agriculture depends. To understand the prospects for a sustainable transformation of Ethiopian agriculture we develop a new conceptual framework for sustainability transformations that combines insights from the social-ecological transformations literature with research on socio-technical transitions and institutional entrepreneurship. Using this framework, we analyse the agricultural development trajectory currently envisaged by the government, as expressed in policy narratives and public institutions. We also explore the opportunity context facing non-state actors who promote sustainable intensification (referred to as green niche actors), as well as the strategies they employ to navigate this context and lever change in the direction they perceive as desirable. We find that current policies for agricultural development are primarily dominated by a narrative of Agriculture as an engine for growth, which focuses on the role of external inputs and commercialisation in boosting agricultural production so as to drive economic growth. While another narrative of Natural resource rehabilitation exists in policy, it sees natural resource management as a means of reducing degradation rather than a crucial component of enhanced and sustainable agricultural production, and the policies largely decouple issues of natural resources from issues of agricultural production. Institutional structures in the agricultural sector are found to reflect these discursive patterns. Further, the general institutional context in the country is characterised by strong government domination and rigid structures, which indicates an opaque opportunity context with limited opportunities for niche actors to have an impact. Given these challenging conditions, green niche actors adapt their strategies to fit the existing opportunity context and choose to collaborate closely with the government and the extension system. While this strategy offers the possibility of a direct impact at potentially large scale, it also leads to a range of trade-offs for the green niche actors and ultimately reduces the prospects for a sustainable agricultural transformation. In conclusion, an adaptation of the regime's proposed development trajectory for Ethiopian agriculture is, under current conditions, a more likely scenario than a more fundamental sustainability transformation, although options remain for more transformative action. Through the case of Ethiopian agriculture, this study adds insights into how transformation processes could play out in non-Western contexts where a strong state plays a dominant role, thus broadening the scope of empirical applications of the emerging research field on social-ecological transformations. We also demonstrate how the multilevel perspective from the transition literature and the concepts of opportunity context and situated agency from the literature on institutional entrepreneurship can be fruitfully merged with the social-ecological transformations literature, thereby moving towards a more comprehensive conceptual framework for analysing sustainability transformations.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Malmborg, Katja, 1988-, et al.
(författare)
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Embracing complexity in landscape management : Learning and impacts of a participatory resilience assessment
- 2022
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Ingår i: Ecosystems and People. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2639-5908 .- 2639-5916. ; 18:1, s. 241-257
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Landscapes and their management are at the center of many of the sustainability challenges that we face. Landscapes can be described as social-ecological systems shaped by a myriad of human activities and biophysical processes, interacting across space and time. Managing them sustainably requires considering this complexity. Resilience thinking offers ways to address complexity in decision-making. In this paper, we analyse the learning and impact on a diverse group of local actors from participating in a participatory resilience assessment. The assessment, focused on sustainable landscape management in the Helge a catchment, Sweden, produced concrete knowledge outputs, describing ecosystem service bundles, a future vision, conceptual system models, and a strategic action plan. Follow-up interviews indicate that the process and its outputs supported the participants' learning process and helped them to articulate complexity thinking in practice. The outputs, and the exercises to produce them, emerged as complementary in supporting this articulation. Furthermore, they helped build participants' capacity to communicate the diverse values of the landscape to others and to target leverage points more strategically. Thus, it supported the application of resilience thinking in landscape management, especially by generating learning and fostering complex adaptive systems thinking.
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| 8. |
- Malmborg, Katja, 1988-
(författare)
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How on Earth : Operationalizing the ecosystem service concept for local sustainability
- 2019
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Ecosystem services are co-produced in social-ecological systems. Due to their social-ecological framing, ecosystem services hold the potential to be a concept around which different stakeholders with vested interests in different aspects of landscape management can meet. However, how this potential is to be realized and the ecosystem services concept operationalized for local decision-making needs to be explored further.In this licentiate thesis, focusing on the Helge å catchment, Sweden, I investigate the social-ecological system dynamics underlying current ecosystem services generation in the area. Together with a group of local to regional stakeholders I performed an iterative, participatory ecosystem service assessment, producing three distinct ecosystem service bundles in the study area. The process to produce the ecosystem service bundles helped in creating a common picture of the landscape among the participants. Ecosystem services also emerged as abridging concept around which the diverse set of participants could meet (paper 1). The ecosystem service bundles were then used as the starting point to co-produce a shared system understanding among the participants and though the formulation of a positive vision for the landscape, start a conversation about sustainability transformations. Based on the outputs from the participatory process and two rounds of interviews with the participants, we assessed to what extent these exercises promoted learning about complexity among the participants, fostered resilience thinking and produced usable knowledge for decision-making (paper 2).Throughout this participatory process of exploring system dynamics and positive futures, I believe that I have kept the rich social-ecological nature of the ecosystem service concept intact while at the same time co-developed concrete, usable results to support local decision-making for sustainability. In addition to being a bridging concept in the participatory process, the ecosystem service concept emerged as a valuable pedagogical tool and as a means for the participants to communicate their system understanding to other actors within and outside their own organizations.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Malmborg, Katja, et al.
(författare)
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Mapping regional livelihood benefits from local ecosystem services assessments in rural Sahel
- 2018
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 13:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Most current approaches to landscape scale ecosystem service assessments rely on detailed secondary data. This type of data is seldom available in regions with high levels of poverty and strong local dependence on provisioning ecosystem services for livelihoods. We develop a method to extrapolate results from a previously published village scale ecosystem services assessment to a higher administrative level, relevant for land use decision making. The method combines remote sensing (using a hybrid classification method) and interviews with community members. The resulting landscape scale maps show the spatial distribution of five different livelihood benefits (nutritional diversity, income, insurance/saving, material assets and energy, and crops for consumption) that illustrate the strong multi-functionality of the Sahelian landscapes. The maps highlight the importance of a diverse set of sub-units of the landscape in supporting Sahelian livelihoods. We see a large potential in using the resulting type of livelihood benefit maps for guiding future land use decisions in the Sahel.
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