| 1. |
- Engeman, Cassandra
(författare)
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Breaking the Liberal-Market Mold? Family Policy Variation Across U.S. States and Why It Matters
- 2020
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Ingår i: The Palgrave Handbook of Family Policy. - Cham : Palgrave Macmillan. - 9783030546175 - 9783030546182 ; , s. 431-458
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Drawing from U.S. state legislative documents, this chapter examines the development of subnational leave policies across states and over time. The research identifies 72 leave laws adopted by states between 1942 and 2017 and shows how some states are more active than others. In comparison to other countries, states quickly abandoned female-targeted policies in favor of gender-neutral, individual entitlements, and leave rights in the United States can be uniquely distinguished by whether they provide time-off to address medical or caregiving needs. I argue that American lawmakers have an opportunity to layer wage-replacement benefits on top of preexisting, gender-neutral and individual entitlements to job-protected leave in a step toward gender-egalitarian family policy models found in other countries.
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| 2. |
- Engeman, Cassandra
(författare)
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’Job-Killer’ Bills in Tough Economic Times : Social Movements and Leave Policy Agendas before and after the Great Recession
- 2018
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Ingår i: Mobilization. - 1086-671X .- 1938-1514. ; 23:3, s. 329-347
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- How do economic conditions influence social movements’ capacity to set legislative agendas? This research examines multiple efforts to expand family, medical, and sick leave policies in California across almost two decades spanning the Great Recession. Longitudinalanalysis in a state with political conditions favorable to leave policy agendas permits close consideration of how varying economic conditions shape social movement influence in the policy process. Drawing from various qualitative sources, this research finds that, after the recession, leave bills were more often held in appropriations committees for their estimated costs to the state and anticipated pressures on funding sources. Weak economic conditions also shifted leave advocates’ priorities away from leave policy issuestoward maintaining public employment and services. The articleadvances social movement research by showing the mechanisms by which state fiscal capacity shapes social movement strategies and interacts with political conditions at the early, agenda-setting stages of the legislative process.
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| 3. |
- Engeman, Cassandra
(författare)
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Making Parenting Leave Accessible to Fathers : Political Actors and New Social Rights, 1965–2016
- 2023
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Ingår i: Social Politics. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1072-4745 .- 1468-2893. ; 30:4, s. 1137-1161
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In recent decades, governments have created and expanded paid leave rights for fathers, but policies have developed along different timelines and trajectories. Using event history methods, this research investigates the timing of fathers’ leave rights adoption across twenty-two countries from 1965 to 2016. With a focus on “first laws,” the findings support explanations of family policy development that emphasize political actors. Specifically, results suggest leftist parties and institutions are important for the adoption of nontransferable leave, a hallmark of gender egalitarian family policy models. However, new leave rights-adoption is sensitive to incremental increases in confessional-right party power, indicating possible negotiations between partisan actors. Finally, results suggest a role for women lawmakers but only for transferable parenting leave, which is often taken by mothers, complicating previous research on the role of women lawmakers in family policy development. Overall, results underscore the need to distinguish between social provisions when examining their drivers.
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| 4. |
- Engeman, Cassandra
(författare)
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Parenting Leave Policy Data Gaps: A Comparative Critical Analysis.
- 2023
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Rapport (refereegranskat)abstract
- The COST Action „Parental Leave Policies & Social Sustainability” (CA21150) aims to advance anddisseminate knowledge about the significance of paid parental leave policies (PPL) for sustainablesocieties. When assessing whether leave policies are moving towards the social sustainability goalsof gender equality, reducing poverty, and increasing health and well-being, it is important to haveavailable data that allows for analysis of inequalities in eligibility, take-up, and outcomes of PPL.Therefore, Working Group 5 (WG5) of CA21150 critically assessed (1) existing comparative surveys,(2) publicly available comparative leave policy indicators databases, and (3) the availability ofadministrative data at the national level and examples of existing national surveys on PPL use. Theaim is to identify PPL data gaps and facilitate thinking about solutions to overcome these gaps anddevelop recommendations for advancing the data. This report presents the findings of the criticalassessment of data availability
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| 5. |
- Engeman, Cassandra, et al.
(författare)
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Signs of the gender revolution's second phase? Historical and cross-national development of fathers' leave provisions
- 2023
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Ingår i: Social Policy & Administration. - : Wiley. - 0144-5596 .- 1467-9515. ; 57:5, s. 626-641
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In only a few decades, workplace leave for fathers has grown from a few days of paternity leave to several months of leave to bond with their children. Historically, some reforms are striking for the signals they send about gender norms of care. In this paper, we argue there are five distinct types of fathers’ leave that differ in their potential messages about fatherhood. Using new and original measures, we examine the development of each leave type, total leave provisions and the duration of well-paid leave across 23 affluent democracies over the last half century. We find that welfare states have increasingly established well-paid and non-transferable leave provisions promoted by family policy experts, but such provisions remain underfunded. Transferable parental leave entitlements, when offered, are typically more generous. We also find countries vary but are historically consistent in how they distribute benefits based on fathers’ earnings. Overall, this presents indicators that lay necessary groundwork for advancements in comparative policy analysis.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Engeman, Cassandra, et al.
(författare)
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United States
- 2023
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Ingår i: 19th International Review of Leave Policies and Related Research 2023. - : International Network on Leave Policies and Research. ; , s. 590-602
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The International Network on Leave Policies and Research has been producing an annual review of leave policies and related research since 2005 (for earlier reviews, go to the network’s website www.leavenetwork.org). The review covers Maternity, Paternity and Parental leaves; leave to care for sick children and other employment-related measures to support working parents; and early childhood education and care policy. The review is based on country notes from each participating country, prepared by members of the network and edited by a team of network members. Each country note follows a standard format: details of different types of leave; the relationship between leave policy and early childhood education and care policy; recent policy developments; information on take-up of leave. The review also includes definitions of the main types of leave policies; and cross-country comparisons. These comparative overviews cover: each main type of leave; the relationship between leave and ECEC entitlements; and policy changes and developments since the previous review. We also include a technical appendix. The 2023 review covers 50 countries. These are: Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Brazil, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Israel, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Korea, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Mexico, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russian Federation, Serbia, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, United Kingdom, United States of America, and Uruguay. Colombia is a new country note joining the review this year for the first time.
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| 8. |
- Engeman, Cassandra
(författare)
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When Do Unions Matter to Social Policy? Organized Labor and Leave Legislation in US States
- 2021
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Ingår i: Social Forces. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0037-7732 .- 1534-7605. ; 99:4, s. 1745-1771
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Trade union institutions are historically and comparatively weak in the United States, and union membership has been in steady decline over several decades. Scholars thus question the contemporary relevance of organized labor to social policy. Yet, there is considerable state-level variation in social policy and union institutional strength that remains underexamined. Focusing on variability across US states, this paper uses mixed-methods analysis to examine relationships between organized labor and parental and family leave legislation under varying political conditions. Event history analysis of state-level leave policy adoption from 1983 to 2016 shows that union institutional strength, particularly in the public sector, is positively associated with the timing of leave policy adoption. These findings are robust to the inclusion of other factors, including Democratic control of state houses, which is also shown to facilitate leave policy adoption. Comparative case studies support event history findings and illustrate how state house partisanship informs the level of government that leave advocates target for policy change. The paper concludes by suggesting further attention to subnational policies and investigation into the social movement practice of target-shifting and its effects. Ultimately, the paper demonstrates the operation of power resources at the subnational level within a liberal market national context.
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| 9. |
- Kurowska, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Familydemic Cross Country and Gender Dataset on work and family outcomes during COVID-19 pandemic
- 2023
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Ingår i: Scientific Data. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2052-4463. ; 10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Here we present the Familydemic Cross Country and Gender Dataset (FCCGD), which offers cross country and gender comparative data on work and family outcomes among parents of dependent children, before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. It covers six countries from two continents representing diverse welfare regimes as well as distinct policy reactions to the pandemic outbreak. The FCCGD was created using the first wave of a web-based international survey (Familydemic) carried out between June and September 2021, on large samples of parents (aged 20–59) living with at least one child under 12 in Canada, Germany, Italy, Poland, Sweden, and the US. While individual datasets are not available due to country-level restriction policies, the presented database allows for cross-country comparison of a wide range of employment outcomes and work arrangements, the division of diverse tasks of unpaid labour (housework and childcare) in couples, experiences with childcare and school closures due to the pandemic and subjective assessments of changes to work-life balance, career prospects and the financial situation of families (234 variables).
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| 10. |
- Petts, Richard J., et al.
(författare)
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United States country note
- 2021
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Ingår i: 17th International Review of Leave Policies and Related Research 2021. - Hagen : FernUniversität in Hagen. ; , s. 615-627
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Note on United States leave policy: The United States is a federalstate. There is no statutory right to any of the types of leave or otherstatutory measures covered in the other country notes in this review.Federal, state and local leave policies tend to provide coverage for careof a new child and time to care for a seriously ill member of one’s familyor oneself. The federal Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA) of 1993provides unpaid leave for a variety of reasons including: childbirth orthe care of a new- born child up to the age of 12 months; for theplacement and care of an adopted or foster child; for the care of aseriously ill child, spouse, or parent; or for a serious health condition ofthe employee that makes them unable to work their regular schedule.The federal Department of Labor is responsible for the FMLA. In addition,nine states, the District of Columbia and one territory offer all or someemployees the statutory right to partly compensated leaves for familyreasons. In March 2020, 21 per cent of all civilian workers had accessto paid family leave, and 89 per cent had access to unpaid family leave
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