| 1. |
- Astvaldsdottir, Alfheidur, et al.
(författare)
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Longevity of posterior resin composite restorations in adults : A systematic review
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Dentistry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0300-5712 .- 1879-176X. ; 43:8, s. 934-954
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To conduct a systematic review of the literature on the longevity of posterior resin composite restorations in adults. Material and methods: A systematic literature search was conducted according to predetermined criteria for inclusion and exclusion. The studies selected were prospective clinical trials with a minimum follow-up time of 4 years, 40 restorations per experimental group and an annual attrition rate of less than 5%. Initially, abstracts and full-text articles were assessed independently and the assessment was subsequently agreed on by five reviewers. The methodological quality of the studies was assessed according to the Swedish Council on Health Technology Assessment (SBU) standard checklist for determining the extent to which studies meet basic quality criteria. Results: In all, the literature search identified 4275 abstracts and 93 articles were read in fulltext. There were eighteen studies which met the criteria for inclusion, eight of which were included in the analysis. There were 80 failures of restorations with a total follow-up time at risk for failure of 62,030 months. The overall incidence rate for all causes of failure was 1.55 lost restorations per 100 restoration years. The most common biological reason for failure (a total of 31 restorations) was secondary caries, with or without fracture of the restoration. The quality of the evidence was low. Conclusions: In an efficacy setting, the overall survival proportion of posterior resin composite restorations is high. The major reasons for failure are secondary caries and restoration fracture which supports the importance of adequate follow-up time. Clinical significance: The overall survival proportion of posterior composite restorations was high, but the results cannot be extrapolated to an effectiveness setting. The importance of adequate follow-up time is supported by the finding that secondary caries often occurred after 3 years or later.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Brange, Lisa, et al.
(författare)
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Bottlenecks in district heating systems and how to address them
- 2017
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Ingår i: Energy Procedia. - : Elsevier BV. - 1876-6102. ; 116, s. 249-259
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Problems with bottlenecks in district heating networks occur when the pipes have too small dimensions to sufficiently meet customer needs. This may result in insufficient differential pressure in DH areas attached to these pipes. Bottlenecks are especially common in expanding DH networks, as previously sufficient pipe diameters may become too small when more DH consumers are connected to the DH network. Historically, bottlenecks have often been addressed by increasing the supply temperature or by exchanging the pipe to a larger dimension. Other techniques are however available to solve bottleneck problems. Such techniques are for example installation of local heat supply on the other side of the bottleneck (LHS), demand side management (DSM), or installation of thermal energy storage (TES). The aim of this study was to identify different techniques for addressing bottlenecks and to see what solutions were used by the DH companies in Sweden. A literature study of the different techniques available was performed and a survey study with the DH distribution companies in Sweden that are members of the Swedish DH association was carried out. The survey was sent out to in total 131 companies, of which 89 answered. The results showed that the most used techniques in Sweden are a higher supply temperature and installation of a new pipe to increase the pipe area, whereas for example DSM and TES were more rarely used techniques. This work is an introduction to the different techniques used to address bottleneck problems and shows the bottleneck situation in Swedish DH networks. More research and tests are however necessary in order to more thoroughly evaluate which techniques that should be used in different situations.
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| 4. |
- Brange, Lisa, et al.
(författare)
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Prosumers in district heating networks - A Swedish case study
- 2016
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Ingår i: Applied Energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0306-2619. ; 164, s. 492-500
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A prosumer is a customer that both uses and supplies energy, such as electricity or district heat. These are already a part of the electricity system. Lately, prosumers have also been discussed as a part of the district heating systems. This calls for more knowledge in this area. The present study seeks to evaluate the potential for district heating contribution from small scale prosumers, based on excess heat, and their environmental impact in an area with diverse building types. The results were mainly developed through a case study performed on Hyllie, an area under construction in Malmö, Sweden. Data from property developers and some measured data were used to evaluate the annual prosumer potential of buildings. Environmental calculations were performed by simulations in the commercial simulation programme NetSim and data from Swedish literature. Four cases were investigated, based on whether the prosumers were allowed to deliver heat beyond the Hyllie borders or not and on two different ways of managing the supply temperature. The temperature of the excess heat was either raised with a heat pump, or directly utilised in the district heating network. In the latter case, the temperature of the domestic hot water was raised with electricity. The results showed that the potential for excess heat prosumers is fairly big, in Hyllie around 50-120% of the annual heat demand. Most of the excess heat is however produced during the summer months. The environmental results showed that the environmental output of the electricity applied in the prosumer solution decided whether or not the prosumer solution was better than the conventional district heating solution.
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| 5. |
- Carlsson, Jessica, 1987-, et al.
(författare)
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Physical activity and music to support pre-school children’s mathematics learning in Sweden
- 2016
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Ingår i: Education 3-13. - : Routledge. - 0300-4279 .- 1475-7575. ; 46:5, s. 483-493
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In order to give all children equal opportunities in school, methods to prevent early differences are needed. The overall aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of two structured teaching methods: Math in Action, characterised by physical activity and music, and common numerical activities. Children (28 girls, 25 boys) were assigned to 1 of the 2 conditions during a period of 3 weeks (2 times a week for a 30-minute session). The results show that children who learn mathematics in an environment characterised by physical activity and music develop their mathematical abilities significantly more than children who learn mathematics through common number activities. We have also shown that children with different motor skill abilities benefit from learning mathematics in an environment characterised by physical activity and music.
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| 6. |
- Kehoe, Laura, et al.
(författare)
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Make EU trade with Brazil sustainable
- 2019
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Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 364:6438, s. 341-
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 7. |
- Plymale, Andrew E., et al.
(författare)
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Niche Partitioning of Microbial Communities at an Ancient Vitrified Hillfort : Implications for Vitrified Radioactive Waste Disposal
- 2021
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Ingår i: Geomicrobiology Journal. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0149-0451 .- 1521-0529. ; 38:1, s. 36-56
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Because microbes cannot be eliminated from radioactive waste disposal facilities, the consequences of bio-colonization must be understood. At a pre-Viking era vitrified hillfort, Broborg, Sweden, anthropogenic glass has been subjected to bio-colonization for over 1,500 years. Broborg is used as a habitat analogue for disposed radioactive waste glass to inform how microbial processes might influence long-term glass durability. Electron microscopy and DNA sequencing of surficial material from the Broborg vitrified wall, adjacent soil, and general topsoil show that the ancient glass supports a niche microbial community of bacteria, fungi, and protists potentially involved in glass alteration. Communities associated with the vitrified wall are distinct and less diverse than soil communities. The vitrified niche of the wall and adjacent soil are dominated by lichens, lichen-associated microbes, and other epilithic, endolithic, and epigeic organisms. These organisms exhibit potential bio-corrosive properties, including silicate dissolution, extraction of essential elements, and secretion of geochemically reactive organic acids, that could be detrimental to glass durability. However, long-term biofilms can also possess a homeostatic function that could limit glass alteration. This study documents potential impacts that microbial colonization and niche partitioning can have on glass alteration, and subsequent release of radionuclides from a disposal facility for vitrified radioactive waste.
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| 8. |
- von Walden, Ferdinand, et al.
(författare)
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Reduced mitochondrial DNA and OXPHOS protein content in skeletal muscle of children with cerebral palsy
- 2021
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Ingår i: Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0012-1622 .- 1469-8749. ; 63:10, s. 1204-1212
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: To provide a detailed gene and protein expression analysis related to mitochondrial biogenesis and assess mitochondrial content in skeletal muscle of children with cerebral palsy (CP).METHOD: Biceps brachii muscle samples were collected from 19 children with CP (mean [SD] age 15y 4mo [2y 6mo], range 9-18y, 16 males, three females) and 10 typically developing comparison children (mean [SD] age 15y [4y], range 7-21y, eight males, two females). Gene expression (quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction [PCR]), mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) to genomic DNA ratio (quantitative PCR), and protein abundance (western blotting) were analyzed. Microarray data sets (CP/aging/bed rest) were analyzed with a focused query investigating metabolism- and mitochondria-related gene networks.RESULTS: The mtDNA to genomic DNA ratio was lower in the children with CP compared to the typically developing group (-23%, p=0.002). Out of five investigated complexes in the mitochondrial respiratory chain, we observed lower protein levels of all complexes (I, III, IV, V, -20% to -37%; p<0.05) except complex II. Total peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC1 alpha) messenger RNA (p<0.004), isoforms PGC1 alpha 1 (p=0.05), and PGC1 alpha 4 (p<0.001) were reduced in CP. Transcriptional similarities were observed between CP, aging, and 90 days' bed rest.INTERPRETATION: Mitochondrial biogenesis, mtDNA, and oxidative phosphorylation protein content are reduced in CP muscle compared with typically developing muscle. Transcriptional pathways shared between aging and long-term unloading suggests metabolic dysregulation in CP, which may guide therapeutic strategies for combatting CP muscle pathology.
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