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- Cintas Sanchez, Olivia, 1982, et al.
(författare)
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Geospatial supply-demand modeling of biomass residues for co-firing in European coal power plants
- 2018
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Ingår i: GCB Bioenergy. - : Wiley. - 1757-1707 .- 1757-1693. ; 10:11, s. 786-803
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Biomass co‐firing with coal is a near‐term option to displace fossil fuels and can facilitate development of biomass conversion and the build‐out of biomass supply infrastructure. A GIS‐based modeling framework (EU‐28, Norway, and Switzerland) is used to quantify and localize biomass demand for co‐firing in coal power plants and agricultural and forest residue supply potentials; supply and demand are then matched based on minimizing the total biomass transport costs (field‐to‐gate). Key datasets (e.g., land cover, land use, wood production) are available at 1,000 m or higher resolution, while some data (e.g., simulated yields) and assumptions (e.g., crop harvest index) have lower resolution and were re‐sampled to allow modeling at 1,000 m resolution. Biomass demand for co‐firing is estimated at 184 PJ in 2020, corresponding to an emissions reduction of 18 Mt CO2. In all countries except Italy and Spain, the sum of the forest and agricultural residues available at less than 300 km from a co‐firing plant exceeds the assessed biomass demand. The total cost of transporting residues to these plants is reduced if agricultural residues can be used, since transport distances are shorter. The total volume of forest residues less than 300 km from a co‐firing plant corresponds to about half of the assessed biomass demand. Almost 70% of the total biomass demand for co‐firing is found in Germany and Poland. The volumes of domestic forest residues in Germany (Poland) available within the cost range 2‐5 (1.5‐3.5) €/GJ biomass correspond to about 30% (70%) of the biomass demand. The volumes of domestic forest and agricultural residues in Germany (Poland) within the cost range 2‐4 (below 2) €/GJ biomass exceed the biomass demand for co‐firing. Half of the biomass demand is located within 50 km from ports, indicating that long‐distance biomass transport by sea is in many instances an option.
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- Cintas Sanchez, Olivia, 1982, et al.
(författare)
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Geospatial supply-demand modeling of lignocellulosic biomass for electricity and biofuels in the European Union
- 2021
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Ingår i: Biomass and Bioenergy. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-2909 .- 0961-9534. ; 144
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bioenergy can contribute to achieving European Union (EU) climate targets while mitigating impacts from current agricultural land use. A GIS-based modeling framework (1000 m resolution) is employed to match biomass supply (forest and agricultural residues, complemented by lignocellulosic energy crops where needed) with biomass demand for either electricity or bio-oil production on sites currently used for coal power in the EU-28, Norway, and Switzerland. The framework matches supply and demand based on minimizing the field-to-gate costs and is used to provide geographically explicit information on (i) plant-gate supply cost; (ii) CO2 savings; and (iii) potential mitigation opportunities for soil erosion, flooding, and eutrophication resulting from the introduction of energy crops on cropland. Converting all suitable coal power plants to biomass and assuming that biomass is sourced within a transport distance of 300 km, would produce an estimated 150 TW h biomass-derived electricity, using 1365 PJ biomass, including biomass from energy crops grown on 6 Mha. Using all existing coal power sites for bio-oil production in 100-MW pyrolysis units could produce 820 PJ of bio-oil, using 1260 PJ biomass, including biomass from energy crops grown on 1.8 Mha. Using biomass to generate electricity would correspond to an emissions reduction of 135 MtCO2, while using biomass to produce bio-oil to substitute for crude oil would correspond to a reduction of 59 MtCO2. In addition, energy crops can have a positive effect on soil organic carbon in most of the analyzed countries. The mitigation opportunities investigated range from marginal to high depending on location.
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| 4. |
- Englund, Oskar, 1982, et al.
(författare)
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Environmental Impact Assessments: Suitable for supporting assessments of biofuel sustainability?
- 2011
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The European Union requires that 10% of the energy in the transport sector shall come from renewable sources by 2020. In addition, biofuels used for transport need to fulfill certain sustainability requirements set out in the Renewable Energy Directive (RED). To meet these requirements, the EU will need to produce and import large amounts of sustainable biofuels. Therefore, there is a need for ways to verify the sustainability of imported biofuels, so that unsustainable biofuels can be avoided. One strategy may involve analyzing Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) reports (EIRs) conducted for specific biofuel projects. For EIRs to be useful as such information sources they need to be sufficiently comprehensive in relation to the RED but also sufficiently reliable.In this study, 19 biofuel project EIRs are analyzed with respect to how they cover the RED sustainability considerations. In addition, EIA legislation, requirements, quality, and enforcement are discussed to determine not only whether EIRs can be sufficiently comprehensive, but also sufficiently reliable for supporting information to studies intended to assess the sustainability of biofuels, from an RED perspective.Notable differences between EIRs for different types of projects were found. EIRs for projects including both plantation establishment and the construction of a biofuel plant had better RED coverage than EIRs for projects including either the plantations or the biofuel plant. As might be expected, EIAs for “plantation projects” generally leave out features related to biofuel processing, and EIAs for “biofuel plant” projects generally leave out features related to feedstock production.In general, EIA legislation is insufficient and most target countries seem to have rather low potential to enforce legislation. Several additional EIA-related problems need to be overcome in order for EIRs to be regarded as sufficiently reliable information tools.
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| 6. |
- Bayadsi, Haytham, 1987-, et al.
(författare)
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The correlation between small papillary thyroid cancers and gamma radionuclides Cs-137, Th-232, U-238 and K-40 using spatially-explicit, register-based methods
- 2023
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Ingår i: Spatial and Spatio-Temporal Epidemiology. - : Elsevier. - 1877-5845 .- 1877-5853. ; 47
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A steep increase of small papillary thyroid cancers (sPTCs) has been observed globally. A major risk factor for developing PTC is ionizing radiation. The aim of this study is to investigate the spatial distribution of sPTC in Sweden and the extent to which prevalence is correlated to gamma radiation levels (Caesium-137 (Cs-137), Thorium-232 (Th-232), Uranium-238 (U-238) and Potassium-40 (K-40)) using multiple geospatial and geo-statistical methods. The prevalence of metastatic sPTC was associated with significantly higher levels of Gamma radiation from Th-232, U-238 and K-40. The association is, however, inconsistent and the prevalence is higher in densely populated areas. The results clearly indicate that sPTC has causative factors that are neither evenly distributed among the population, nor geographically, calling for further studies with bigger cohorts. Environ-mental factors are believed to play a major role in the pathogenesis of the disease.
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| 9. |
- Englund, Oskar, 1982, et al.
(författare)
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A new high-resolution nationwide aboveground carbon map for Brazil
- 2017
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Ingår i: Geo: Geography and Environment. - : Wiley. - 2054-4049. ; 4:2, s. e00045-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Brazil is home to the largest tracts of tropical vegetation in the world, harbouring high levels of biodiversity and carbon. Several biomass maps have been produced for Brazil, using different approaches and methods, and for different purposes. These maps have been used to estimate historic, recent, and future carbon emissions from land use change (LUC). It can be difficult to determine which map to use for what purpose. The implications of using an unsuitable map can be significant, since the maps have large differences, both in terms of total carbon storage and its spatial distribution. This paper presents comparisons of Brazil’s new ‘official’ carbon map; that is, the map used in the third national communication to the UNFCCC in 2016, with the former official map, and four carbon maps from the scientific literature. General strengths and weaknesses of the different maps are identified, including their suitability for different types of studies. No carbon map was found suitable for studies concerned with existing land use/cover (LULC) and LUC outside of existing forests, partly because they do not represent the current LULC sufficiently well, and partly because they generally overestimate carbon values for agricultural land. A new map of aboveground carbon is presented, which was created based on data from existing maps and an up- to-date LULC map. This new map reflects current LULC, has high accuracy and resolution (50 m), and a national coverage. It can be a useful alternative for scientific studies and policy initiatives concerned with existing LULC and LUC outside of existing forests, especially at local scales when high resolution is necessary, and/or outside the Amazon biome. We identify five ongoing climate policy initiatives in Brazil that can benefit from using this map.
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- Englund, Oskar, 1982, et al.
(författare)
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Biodiversity considerations in certified biomass production
- 2011
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Ingår i: IEA Bioenergy Task 38, Task 40 and Task 43 Workshop on Quantifying and Managing Land Use effects of bioenergy. September 19-21. Campinas, Brazil.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- One important aspect of sustainability in biomass production concerns biodiversity, which is central in ecology and natural resource management. Biodiversity has both intrinsic value and instrumental value to humans and is important for ecosystem stability and provision of the numerous ecosystem services that are essential for human survival. Studies indicate that human activities have increased the species extinction rate, primarily through (i) habitat destruction, degradation and fragmentation; (ii) invasive species; (iii) pollution, including human induced changes in climate; and (iv) over-exploitation of essential resources, including overhunting. Bioenergy expansion may influence most of the causes of increased species extinction rate.The aim of this study is to assess the biodiversity considerations in certification standards for sustainable biomass production. In total, 23 standards for forest management, agricultural management and production of bioenergy crops, were included in the assessment. A harmonization of different definitions of biodiversity was made based on considering principles of conservation biology, in order to identify aspects of biomass production of relevance for biodiversity. Based on the identified aspects, a reference standard was constructed and all included standards were compared with this reference standard as a way to establish how the different standards showed similarities and differences regarding how biodiversity was considered. Restrictions on specific ecosystems conversion were also assessed for all standards. The results showed a noticeable variation in how the certification standards consider aspects of relevance for biodiversity. There was both a variation among similar standards and between different types of standards. In general, the bioenergy crop standards had the strictest rules and restrictions in relation to biodiversity followed by the forest management standards. The agricultural management standards had more lax rules and restrictions. It is proposed that biodiversity conservation in production of sustainable biomass can be improved by further developments of the certification standards.
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