| 1. |
- Bergström, Göran, 1964, et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence of Subclinical Coronary Artery Atherosclerosis in the General Population
- 2021
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Ingår i: Circulation. - Philadelphia : American Heart Association. - 0009-7322 .- 1524-4539. ; 144:12, s. 916-929
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Early detection of coronary atherosclerosis using coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA), in addition to coronary artery calcification (CAC) scoring, may help inform prevention strategies. We used CCTA to determine the prevalence, severity, and characteristics of coronary atherosclerosis and its association with CAC scores in a general population.Methods: We recruited 30 154 randomly invited individuals age 50 to 64 years to SCAPIS (the Swedish Cardiopulmonary Bioimage Study). The study includes individuals without known coronary heart disease (ie, no previous myocardial infarctions or cardiac procedures) and with high-quality results from CCTA and CAC imaging performed using dedicated dual-source CT scanners. Noncontrast images were scored for CAC. CCTA images were visually read and scored for coronary atherosclerosis per segment (defined as no atherosclerosis, 1% to 49% stenosis, or ≥50% stenosis). External validity of prevalence estimates was evaluated using inverse probability for participation weighting and Swedish register data.Results: In total, 25 182 individuals without known coronary heart disease were included (50.6% women). Any CCTA-detected atherosclerosis was found in 42.1%; any significant stenosis (≥50%) in 5.2%; left main, proximal left anterior descending artery, or 3-vessel disease in 1.9%; and any noncalcified plaques in 8.3% of this population. Onset of atherosclerosis was delayed on average by 10 years in women. Atherosclerosis was more prevalent in older individuals and predominantly found in the proximal left anterior descending artery. Prevalence of CCTA-detected atherosclerosis increased with increasing CAC scores. Among those with a CAC score >400, all had atherosclerosis and 45.7% had significant stenosis. In those with 0 CAC, 5.5% had atherosclerosis and 0.4% had significant stenosis. In participants with 0 CAC and intermediate 10-year risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease according to the pooled cohort equation, 9.2% had CCTA-verified atherosclerosis. Prevalence estimates had excellent external validity and changed marginally when adjusted to the age-matched Swedish background population.Conclusions: Using CCTA in a large, random sample of the general population without established disease, we showed that silent coronary atherosclerosis is common in this population. High CAC scores convey a significant probability of substantial stenosis, and 0 CAC does not exclude atherosclerosis, particularly in those at higher baseline risk.
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| 2. |
- Persson, Martin, 1979, et al.
(författare)
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Probing the elasticity of single yeast cells with holographic optical tweezers.
- 2013
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Ingår i: Optics in the Life Sciences Congress Technical Digest. - 9781557529664
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The elasticity of single yeast cells is probed using optical force measurement in a holographic optical tweezers setup. The measurements reveal differences in cell wall /membrane stability due to the absence of various proteins.
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| 3. |
- Wessling, Mattias, et al.
(författare)
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Fast Orthoconic Antiferroelectric Liquid Crystals for Field-Sequential Color Applications
- 2012
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Ingår i: Digest of Technical Papers - SID International Symposium. - : Wiley. - 2168-0159 .- 0097-966X. ; 43:1, s. 456-458
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Orthoconic antiferroelectric liquid crystals (OAFLCs) allow fast (submillisecond) in-plane switching with a wide-angle dark state insensitive to misalignment. In this paper we demonstrate RGB field-sequential-color using OAFLCs at a pixel switching rate of 720Hz, i.e., a “frame rate” of 240Hz. © 2012 SID.
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| 4. |
- Akhtar, Zubair, et al.
(författare)
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Optimal timing of influenza vaccination among patients with acute myocardial infarction - Findings from the IAMI trial
- 2023
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Ingår i: Vaccine. - : Elsevier. - 0264-410X .- 1873-2518. ; 41:48, s. 7159-7165
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Influenza vaccination reduces the risk of adverse cardiovascular events. The IAMI trial randomly assigned 2571 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) to receive influenza vaccine or saline placebo during their index hospital admission. It was conducted at 30 centers in 8 countries from October 1, 2016 to March 1, 2020. In this post-hoc exploratory sub-study, we compare the trial outcomes in patients receiving early season vaccination (n = 1188) and late season vaccination (n = 1344). The primary endpoint was the composite of all-cause death, myocardial infarction (MI), or stent thrombosis at 12 months. The cumulative incidence of the primary and key secondary endpoints by randomized treatment and early or late vaccination was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. In the early vaccinated group, the primary composite endpoint occurred in 36 participants (6.0%) assigned to influenza vaccine and 49 (8.4%) assigned to placebo (HR 0.69; 95% CI 0.45 to 1.07), compared to 31 participants (4.7%) assigned to influenza vaccine and 42 (6.2%) assigned to placebo (HR 0.74; 95% CI 0.47 to 1.18) in the late vaccinated group (P = 0.848 for interaction on HR scale at 1 year). We observed similar estimates for the key secondary endpoints of all-cause death and CV death. There was no statistically significant difference in vaccine effectiveness against adverse cardiovascular events by timing of vaccination. The effect of vaccination on all-cause death at one year was more pronounced in the group receiving early vaccination (HR 0.50; 95% CI, 0.29 to 0.86) compared late vaccination group (HR 0.75; 35% CI, 0.40 to 1.40) but there was no statistically significant difference between these groups (Interaction P = 0.335). In conclusion, there is insufficient evidence from the trial to establish whether there is a difference in efficacy between early and late vaccination but regardless of vaccination timing we strongly recommend influenza vaccination in all patients with cardiovascular diseases.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Correa-Marinez, Adiela, et al.
(författare)
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Methods of Colostomy Construction: No Effect on Parastomal Hernia Rate: Results From Stoma-const-A Randomized Controlled Trial
- 2021
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Ingår i: National Center of Biotechnology Information. - 0027-8874. ; 273:4, s. 640-647
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: The primary objective of this trial was to compare the parastomal hernia rates 1 year after the construction of an end colostomy by 3 surgical techniques: cruciate incision, circular incision in the fascia and using prophylactic mesh. Secondary objectives were evaluation of postoperative complications, readmissions/reoperations, and risk factors for parastomal hernia. Summary of background data: Colostomy construction techniques have been explored with the aim to improve function and reduce stoma complications, but parastomal herniation is frequent with an incidence of approximately 50%. Methods: A randomized, multicenter trial was performed in 3 hospitals in Sweden and Denmark; all patients scheduled to receive an end colostomy were asked to participate. Parastomal hernia within 12 months was determined by computed tomography of the abdomen in prone position and by clinical assessment. Complications, readmissions, reoperations, and risk factors were also assessed. Results: Two hundred nine patients were randomized to 1 of the 3 arms of the study. Patient demographics were similar in all 3 groups. Assessment of parastomal hernia was possible in 185 patients. The risk ratio (95% confidence interval) for parastomal hernia was 1.25 (0.83; 1.88), and 1.22 (0.81; 1.84) between cruciate versus circular and cruciate versus mesh groups, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences between the groups with regard to parastomal hernia rate. Age and body mass index were found to be associated with development of a parastomal hernia. Conclusion: We found no significant differences in the rates of parastomal hernia within 12 months of index surgery between the 3 surgical techniques of colostomy construction.
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| 7. |
- Engblom, David, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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Microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 is the central switch during immune-induced pyresis
- 2003
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Ingår i: Nature Neuroscience. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1097-6256 .- 1546-1726. ; 6:11, s. 1137-1138
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We studied the febrile response in mice deficient in microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 (mPGES-1), an inducible terminal isomerase expressed in cytokine-sensitive brain endothelial cells. These animals showed no fever and no central prostaglandin (PG) E2 synthesis after peripheral injection of bacterial-wall lipopolysaccharide, but their pyretic capacity in response to centrally administered PGE2 was intact. Our findings identify mPGES-1 as the central switch during immune-induced pyresis and as a target for the treatment of fever and other PGE2-dependent acute phase reactions elicited by the brain.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Engström, David, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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Analog low-loss full-range phase modulation by utilizing a V-shaped switched ferroelectric liquid-crystal cell in reflective mode
- 2006
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Ingår i: Optics Letters. - 0146-9592 .- 1539-4794. ; 31:19, s. 2906-2908
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have studied the analog (V-shaped switching) mode in ferroelectric liquid crystals in reflective mode for analog phase modulation applications. We have found that several combinations of cell thicknesses and input polarization states exist for which near-lossless analog phase modulation with a range of ~2π rad is obtained, and we demonstrate one such combination experimentally. Despite a slight deviation from the ideal conditions, e.g., the tilt angle was 38° instead of the desired 45°, virtually pure 1.6π rad phase modulation was obtained; the measured values agree very well with our numerical simulations of the real device.
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