| 1. |
- Edström, Kristina, 1963-, et al.
(författare)
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Peer review of teaching merits in academic career systems: a comparative study
- 2019
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 8th Research in Engineering Education Symposium (REES 2019). - : Research in Engineering Education Network. - 9780799226003
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper investigates peer review of teaching merits in promotion processes at two Swedish technical universities. At KTH, two external experts evaluate both scientific and teaching merits, while Chalmers invites three experts for scientific and one for pedagogical evaluation. 50 successful promotion cases, containing 126 expert statements, are investigated quantitatively and qualitatively. The analysis shows that neither university devotes the same attention to assessing teaching as scientific merits. In 2/3 of the cases, less than 1/3 of the text is devoted to evaluating teaching merits. Half the KTH cases are settled based on less than one page evaluating teaching. In pedagogical evaluations at Chalmers, teaching qualifications are broadly conceptualised including collegial and scholarly aspects. At KTH, the experts with Swedish affiliations demonstrate broader conceptualisations of teaching than the international experts do. This is interpreted as expressions of two different evaluation cultures, one scientific-international and one pedagogical-national. The legitimacy of these practices is considered.
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| 2. |
- Engström, Kristina, 1963-
(författare)
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Fluoride concentration in plaque and saliva and its effects on oral ecology after intake of fluoridated milk
- 2008
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- According to WHO, the addition of fluoride to milk could be considered as an alternative to water fluoridation for community-based caries prevention in childhood. School-based schemes in developing as well as industrial countries have demonstrated substantial benefits on oral health, but there are limited data available on the local events in the oral cavity after consumption of fluoridated milk. The general aim of the present investigations was to investigate the concentration of fluoride obtained in saliva and dental plaque after ingestion of Fmilk and to explore the possible effects on the oral ecology. A series of controlled studies were performed in vivo in which samples of saliva and dental plaque were collected and analysed with respect to fluoride content, microbial composition and acidogenicity. An in vitro study evaluated the effect on enamel lesion formation. In paper I, significantly increased concentrations of fluoride (p<0.05) were disclosed in saliva 15 minutes after drinking the fluoride-containing water or milk. In the plaque samples however, the F-increase remained significantly elevated still after 2 hours. The availability of fluoride from milk was generally somewhat lower than from water but the differences were not statistically significant in either plaque or saliva. In paper II, the fluoride concentration in plaque was further explored after a single intake or habitual consumption of fluoridated milk together with a regular meal. The results showed that cariesinhibiting levels of fluoride persisted up to 4 hours after intake. There were no significant differences between the single intakes when compared with repeated intakes. In paper III, the influence of fluoridated milk on the salivary microorganisms associated with dental caries was evaluated. No significant alterations of the microflora were found compared with baseline. There was a slight reduction in the proportion of mutans streptococci after 2 and 4 weeks during consumption with fluoridated milk but the difference failed to reach statistical significance. In paper IV it was demonstrated that fluoridated milk significantly (p<0.05) could counteract the lactic acid formation in dental plaque as initiated with sucrose. In paper V, laser fluorescence technique was used to monitor the effect of fluoridated milk on enamel lesion formation in an experimental caries model. The results reinforced previous research and showed a hampering effect of fluoridated milk. No side effects were reported in any of the investigations. The findings of this thesis substantiate that milk is a suitable vehicle for fluoride administration and contribute to the understanding and possible explanations for the anti-caries properties of fluoridated milk. The main conclusions were: a) intake of fluoridated milk resulted in significantly elevated fluoride levels in saliva within the first 15 minutes and up to 4 hours in dental plaque when fluoridate milk was consumed together with meal, b) no significant alteration of the salivary microflora was disclosed after habitual intake of fluoridated milk but a delayed carbohydrate-mediated lactic acid formation in suspensions of dental plaque could be demonstrated, c) the fluoride concentrations in plaque were not negatively influence by the food intake, and d) the in vitro findings advocated that fluoride added to milk reduced enamel lesion formation as assessed by laser fluorescence technique in an experimental caries model.According to WHO, the addition of fluoride to milk could be considered as an alternative to water fluoridation for community-based caries prevention in childhood. School-based schemes in developing as well as industrial countries have demonstrated substantial benefits on oral health, but there are limited data available on the local events in the oral cavity after consumption of fluoridated milk. The general aim of the present investigations was to investigate the concentration of fluoride obtained in saliva and dental plaque after ingestion of Fmilk and to explore the possible effects on the oral ecology. A series of controlled studies were performed in vivo in which samples of saliva and dental plaque were collected and analysed with respect to fluoride content, microbial composition and acidogenicity. An in vitro study evaluated the effect on enamel lesion formation. In paper I, significantly increased concentrations of fluoride (p<0.05) were disclosed in saliva 15 minutes after drinking the fluoride-containing water or milk. In the plaque samples however, the F-increase remained significantly elevated still after 2 hours. The availability of fluoride from milk was generally somewhat lower than from water but the differences were not statistically significant in either plaque or saliva. In paper II, the fluoride concentration in plaque was further explored after a single intake or habitual consumption of fluoridated milk together with a regular meal. The results showed that cariesinhibiting levels of fluoride persisted up to 4 hours after intake. There were no significant differences between the single intakes when compared with repeated intakes. In paper III, the influence of fluoridated milk on the salivary microorganisms associated with dental caries was evaluated. No significant alterations of the microflora were found compared with baseline. There was a slight reduction in the proportion of mutans streptococci after 2 and 4 weeks during consumption with fluoridated milk but the difference failed to reach statistical significance. In paper IV it was demonstrated that fluoridated milk significantly (p<0.05) could counteract the lactic acid formation in dental plaque as initiated with sucrose. In paper V, laser fluorescence technique was used to monitor the effect of fluoridated milk on enamel lesion formation in an experimental caries model. The results reinforced previous research and showed a hampering effect of fluoridated milk. No side effects were reported in any of the investigations. The findings of this thesis substantiate that milk is a suitable vehicle for fluoride administration and contribute to the understanding and possible explanations for the anti-caries properties of fluoridated milk. The main conclusions were: a) intake of fluoridated milk resulted in significantly elevated fluoride levels in saliva within the first 15 minutes and up to 4 hours in dental plaque when fluoridate milk was consumed together with meal, b) no significant alteration of the salivary microflora was disclosed after habitual intake of fluoridated milk but a delayed carbohydrate-mediated lactic acid formation in suspensions of dental plaque could be demonstrated, c) the fluoride concentrations in plaque were not negatively influence by the food intake, and d) the in vitro findings advocated that fluoride added to milk reduced enamel lesion formation as assessed by laser fluorescence technique in an experimental caries model.
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| 3. |
- Kerstis, Birgitta, 1963-, et al.
(författare)
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The association between perceived relationship discord at childbirth and parental postpartum depressive symptoms: a comparison of mothers and fathers in Sweden
- 2012
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Ingår i: Uppsala Journal of Medical Sciences. - : Uppsala Medical Society. - 0300-9734 .- 2000-1967 .- 0300-9726. ; 117:4, s. 430-438
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim. To examine whether mothers' and fathers' levels of perceived relationship discord at childbirth were associated with postpartum depressive symptoms when the child was 3 months old. Another aim was to examine parents' levels of self-reported depressive symptoms. The hypothesis was that parents with high levels of perceived relationship discord have higher levels of postpartum depressive symptoms than parents with low levels of perceived relationship discord. Method. One week after childbirth, 305 couples' perceived level of relationship discord was measured using the Dyadic Consensus Subscale (DCS) of the Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS). At 3 months postpartum, the same couples answered the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) questionnaire. The relations between perceived level of relationship discord and postpartum depressive symptoms were analysed using standard non-parametric statistical methods. Results. The mothers and fathers partly differed regarding which areas of their relationship they perceived that they disagreed with their partners about. Furthermore, 16.5% of the mothers and 8.7% of the fathers reported postpartum depressive symptoms, and there was a moderate level of correlation between the DCS and EPDS scores. Conclusion. These results may be useful for professionals in antenatal care and child health centres as well as for family caregivers who need to be aware that mothers and fathers may have different views on relationship discord and of the high level of depressive symptoms in recent parents. Further research is needed to examine perceived relationship discord and the development of depressive symptoms postpartum over a longer term.
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| 4. |
- Widarsson, Margareta, 1957-, et al.
(författare)
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Support Needs of Expectant Mothers and Fathers : a Qulitative Study
- 2012
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Ingår i: The Journal of Perinatal Education. - : Springer Publishing Company. - 1058-1243 .- 1548-8519. ; 21:1, s. 36-44
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim was to describe expectant mothers’ and fathers’ perceived needs of support during pregnancy. Twenty-two women and 10 men were interviewed in four focus groups and 13 individual interviews. Systematic text condensation was performed. Parents described a broad spectrum of social support needs but also needs of psychological and physical support. They also requested to share experiences with others. The foci of care and parents’ needs of support are more harmonized with medical than with psychological and emotional support. Mother’s needs were dominant in the health-services but father’s often felt “invisible”. Antenatal-services might offer more customized individual support and emphasize peer support in groups; the challenge is to involve both parents through communication and encouragement so they can support each other.
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| 5. |
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