| 1. |
- Aro, Pertti, et al.
(författare)
-
Use of tobacco products and gastrointestinal morbidity : an endoscopic population-based study (the Kalixanda study)
- 2010
-
Ingår i: European Journal of Epidemiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0393-2990 .- 1573-7284. ; 25:10, s. 741-750
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The impact of snus (smokeless tobacco or snuff) on gastrointestinal symptoms and pathological findings is largely unknown. The authors aimed to investigate whether the exposure to different forms of tobacco influences upper gastrointestinal symptoms, histology and frequency of Helicobacter pylori infection. A random sample (n = 2,860) of the adult population of two northern Swedish municipalities Kalix and Haparanda (n = 21,610) was surveyed between December 1998 and June 2001 using a validated postal questionnaire assessing gastrointestinal symptoms (response rate 74.2%, n = 2,122) (The Kalixanda Study). A random sub-sample (n = 1,001) of the responders was invited to undergo an esophagogastroduodenoscopy (participation rate 73.3%) including biopsies, Helicobacter pylori culture and serology and symptom assessment and exploration of present and past use of tobacco products. No symptom groups were associated with snus use. Snus users had a significantly higher prevalence of macroscopic esophagitis univariately but snus use was not associated with esophagitis in multivariate analysis. Snus use was associated with basal cell hyperplasia (OR = 1.74, 95% CI: 1.02, 3.00) and with elongation of papillae (OR = 1.79, 95% CI: 1.05-3.05) of the squamous epithelium at the esophago-gastric junction. Current smoking cigarettes was associated with overall peptic ulcer disease (OR = 2.32, 95% CI: 1.04, 5.19) whereas snus use was not. There were no significant association between current Helicobacter pylori infection and different tobacco product user groups. Snus significantly alters the histology of the distal esophagus but does not impact on gastrointestinal symptoms or peptic ulcer disease.
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
- Henriksnäs, Johanna, 1973-
(författare)
-
Helicobacter pylori and Gastric Protection Mechanisms : An in vivo Study in Mice and Rats
- 2005
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The stomach is frequently exposed to hazardous agents and to resist this harsh environment, several protective mechanisms exist. Of special interest is the gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori which causes gastritis, ulcers and cancer but the mechanism leading to these diseases are still unclear. However it is very likely that H. pylori negatively influence the protection mechanisms that exist in the stomach. The aims of the present investigation were first to develop an in vivo mouse model in which different protection mechanisms could be studied, and second to investigate the influence of H. pylori on these mechanisms. An in vivo preparation of the gastric mucosa in mice was developed. This preparation allows studies of different gastric mucosal variables and can also be applied for studies in other gastro-intestinal organs. Mice chronically infected with H. pylori, were shown to have a reduced ability of the mucosa to maintain a neutral pH at the epithelial cell surface. This could be due to the thinner inner, firmly adherent mucus gel layer, and/or to defective bicarbonate transport across the epithelium. The Cl-/HCO3- exchanger SLC26A9 was inhibited by NH4+, which also is produced by H. pylori. The mRNA levels of SLC26A9 were upregulated in infected mice, suggesting a way to overcome the inhibition of the transporter. Furthermore, the hyperemic response to acid pH 2 and 1.5 was abolished in these mice. The mechanisms by which the bacteria could alter the blood flow response might involve inhibition of the epithelial iNOS.Water extracts of H. pylori (HPE) reduces the blood flow acutely through an iNOS and nerve-mediated pathway, possibly through the endogenous iNOS inhibitor ADMA. Furthermore, HPE alters the blood flow response to acid as the hyperemic response to acid pH 0.8 is accentuated in mice treated with HPE.
|
|
| 4. |
- Normann, Erik, et al.
(författare)
-
Intestinal microbial profiles in extremely preterm infants with and without necrotizing enterocolitis
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica. - : Wiley. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 102:2, s. 129-136
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) represents one of the gravest complications in premature infants. The suggested role of intestinal microbiota in the development of NEC needs to be elucidated. Methods This prospective single-centre casecontrol study applied barcoded pyrosequencing to map the bacterial composition of faecal samples from extremely preterm infants. Ten patients were diagnosed with NEC and matched to healthy controls with regard to sex, gestational age and mode of delivery prior to analysis of the samples. Results Enterococcus, Bacillales and Enterobacteriaceae dominated the flora. Although not statistically significant, a high relative abundance of Bacillales and Enterobacteriaceae was detected at early time points in patients developing NEC, while healthy controls had a microbiota more dominated by Enterococcus. A low diversity of intestinal microbial flora was found without any differences between NEC patients and controls. In 16 healthy controls, Firmicutes (Enterococcus and Bacillales) dominated the faecal flora during the first weeks after birth and were then succeeded by Enterobacteriaceae. Conclusion No significant differences in the composition of intestinal microbiota of patients developing NEC were detected; however, some findings need to be scrutinized in subsequent studies.
|
|
| 5. |
- Persson, Christina, et al.
(författare)
-
Interleukin 1-beta gene polymorphisms and risk of gastric cancer in Sweden.
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian journal of gastroenterology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1502-7708 .- 0036-5521. ; 44:3, s. 339-45
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection stimulates the production of interleukin (IL)-1 beta, a pro-inflammatory cytokine and suppressor of gastric acid secretion. As both inflammation and hypochlorhydria, which might facilitate proximal colonization of H. pylori and other bacterial species alike, have been implicated in gastric carcinogenesis, much attention has been directed to functional genetic polymorphisms that affect the production of IL-1 beta. The purpose of this study was to clarify the role of these polymorphisms.
|
|
| 6. |
|
|
| 7. |
- Alimohammadzadeh, Rana, et al.
(författare)
-
Improving the mechanical properties of CTMP fibers by combining synergistic organocatalytic/polyelectrolyte complex surface engineering with sulfite pretreatment
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the International Mechanical Pulping Conference. ; , s. 149-
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Fabrication of paper-based packaging materials is increasing and the challenge is developing a sustainable process to manufacture the materials that can compete with plastics. Employing stronger fiber in production of fiber-based materials improves the efficiency of fabrication process by using a reduced amount of biomass. Cationic starch is a well-known polysaccharide that has been introduced to paper and paperboard fibers to improve the mechanical properties of lignocellulosic fibers. The polyelectrolyte (PE) multilayer method has been popularized as a new and interesting technique to enhance the adsorption of cationic starch on the fiber for improving the strength properties of chemi-thermomechanical pulp (CTMP), chemical and kraft pulps. We have shown in our previous work that the synergistic combination of organocatalysis and PE complexes improved the mechanical properties of CTMP and TMP. In this work, we chose to expand this concept by integrating it with low-dose sulfite pretreatment of wood chips in preparation of CTMP. Thus, CTMP produced by initial sulfite pre-treatment was next surface engineered by synergistic combination of organocatalysis and PE complexes using organic acids as catalysts. The CTMP pulps, which contains 0.1-0.24 wt.% sulfur, produced by our novel pulp-engineering strategy shows a dramatic strength increase (Z- strength: up to 100 %) as compared to no surface engineering. While only sulfite pre-treatment and PE-complex surface engineering were able to improve the strength properties, it was only when the organic catalysts was present that the highest strength improvements were reached. Thus, a clear synergistic effect of the catalyst was observed.
|
|
| 8. |
- Engstrand, Lars-Erik, et al.
(författare)
-
Akademisk utbildning och forskning
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Jönköpings kommuns historia. - Lund : Historiska media. - 9789185507207 ; , s. 239-269
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
|
|
| 9. |
- Engstrand, Thomas, et al.
(författare)
-
Development of a bioactive implant for repair and potential healing of cranial defects
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Journal of Neurosurgery. - 0022-3085 .- 1933-0693. ; 120:1, s. 273-277
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The repair of complex craniofacial bone defects is challenging and a successful result is dependent on the size of the defect, quality of the soft tissue covering the defect, and choice of reconstruction method. The objective of this study was to develop a bioactive cranial implant that could provide a permanent reconstructive solution to the patient by stimulating bone healing of the defect. In this paper the authors report on the feasibility and clinical results of using such a newly developed device for the repair of a large traumatic and therapy-resistant cranial bone defect. The patient had undergone numerous attempts at repair, in which established methods had been tried without success. A mosaic-designed device was manufactured and implanted, comprising interconnected ceramic tiles with a defined calcium phosphate composition. The clinical outcome 30 months after surgery revealed a restored cranial vault without postoperative complications. Computed tomography demonstrated signs of bone ingrowth. Examination with combined 18F-fluoride PET and CT provided further evidence of bone healing of the cranial defect.
|
|
| 10. |
- Frid, Johan, et al.
(författare)
-
r-ljuden i svenskan
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Språken i Sverige. - Stockholm : Norstedts kartor. - 9187760576 ; , s. 66-67, s. 66-67
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
|
|
