| 1. |
- Biollaz, S., et al.
(författare)
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Gas analysis in gasification of biomass and waste : Guideline report: Document 1
- 2018
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Rapport (refereegranskat)abstract
- Gasification is generally acknowledged as one of the technologies that will enable the large-scale production of biofuels and chemicals from biomass and waste. One of the main technical challenges associated to the deployment of biomass gasification as a commercial technology is the cleaning and upgrading of the product gas. The contaminants of product gas from biomass/waste gasification include dust, tars, alkali metals, BTX, sulphur-, nitrogen- and chlorine compounds, and heavy metals. Proper measurement of the components and contaminants of the product gas is essential for the monitoring of gasification-based plants (efficiency, product quality, by-products), as well as for the proper design of the downstream gas cleaning train (for example, scrubbers, sorbents, etc.). In practice, a trade-off between reliability, accuracy and cost has to be reached when selecting the proper analysis technique for a specific application. The deployment and implementation of inexpensive yet accurate gas analysis techniques to monitor the fate of gas contaminants might play an important role in the commercialization of biomass and waste gasification processes.This special report commissioned by the IEA Bioenergy Task 33 group compiles a representative part of the extensive work developed in the last years by relevant actors in the field of gas analysis applied to(biomass and waste) gasification. The approach of this report has been based on the creation of a team of contributing partners who have supplied material to the report. This networking approach has been complemented with a literature review. The report is composed of a set of 2 documents. Document 1(the present report) describes the available analysis techniques (both commercial and underdevelopment) for the measurement of different compounds of interest present in gasification gas. The objective is to help the reader to properly select the analysis technique most suitable to the target compounds and the intended application. Document 1 also describes some examples of application of gas analysis at commercial-, pilot- and research gasification plants, as well as examples of recent and current joint research activities in the field. The information contained in Document 1 is complemented with a book of factsheets on gas analysis techniques in Document 2, and a collection of video blogs which illustrate some of the analysis techniques described in Documents 1 and 2.This guideline report would like to become a platform for the reinforcement of the network of partners working on the development and application of gas analysis, thus fostering collaboration and exchange of knowledge. As such, this report should become a living document which incorporates in future coming progress and developments in the field.
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| 2. |
- Biollaz, S., et al.
(författare)
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Gas analysis in gasification of biomass and waste : Guideline report: Document 2 - Factsheets on gas analysis techniques
- 2018
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Rapport (refereegranskat)abstract
- Gasification is generally acknowledged as one of the technologies that will enable the large-scale production of biofuels and chemicals from biomass and waste. One of the main technical challenges associated to the deployment of biomass gasification as a commercial technology is the cleaning and upgrading of the product gas. The contaminants of product gas from biomass/waste gasification include dust, tars, alkali metals, BTX, sulphur-, nitrogen- and chlorine compounds, and heavy metals. Proper measurement of the components and contaminants of the product gas is essential for the monitoring of gasification-based plants (efficiency, product quality, by-products), as well as for the proper design of the downstream gas cleaning train (for example, scrubbers, sorbents, etc.). The deployment and implementation of inexpensive yet accurate gas analysis techniques to monitor the fate of gas contaminants might play an important role in the commercialization of biomass and waste gasification processes.This special report commissioned by the IEA Bioenergy Task 33 group compiles a representative part of the extensive work developed in the last years by relevant actors in the field of gas analysis applied to (biomass and waste) gasification. The approach of this report has been based on the creation of a team of contributing partners who have supplied material to the report. This networking approach has been complemented with a literature review. This guideline report would like to become a platform for the reinforcement of the network of partners working on the development and application of gas analysis, thus fostering collaboration and exchange of knowledge. As such, this report should become a living document which incorporates in future coming progress and developments in the field.
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| 3. |
- Aumailley, M, et al.
(författare)
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A simplified laminin nomenclature
- 2005
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Ingår i: Matrix Biology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1569-1802 .- 0945-053X. ; 24:5, s. 326-332
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- A simplification of the laminin nomenclature is presented. Laminins are multidomain heterotrimers composed of alpha, beta and gamma chains. Previously, laminin trimers were numbered with Arabic numerals in the order discovered, that is laminins-1 to -5. We introduce a new identification system for a trimer using three Arabic numerals, based on the alpha, beta and gamma chain numbers. For example, the laminin with the chain composition alpha 5 beta 1 gamma 1 is termed laminin-511, and not laminin-10. The current practice is also to mix two overlapping domain and module nomenclatures. Instead of the older Roman numeral nomenclature and mixed nomenclature, all modules are now called domains. Some domains are renamed or renumbered. Laminin epidermal growth factor-like (LE) domains are renumbered starting at the N-termini, to be consistent with general protein nomenclature. Domain IVb of alpha chains is named laminin 4a (L4a), domain IVa of alpha chains is named L4b, domain IV of gamma chains is named L4, and domain IV of beta chains is named laminin four (LF). The two coiled-coil domains I and II are now considered one laminin coiled-coil domain (LCC). The interruption in the coiled-coil of 13 chains is named laminin beta-knob (L beta) domain. The chain origin of a domain is specified by the chain nomenclature, such as alpha IL4a. The abbreviation LM is suggested for laminin. Otherwise, the nomenclature remains unaltered.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Kylhammar, D., et al.
(författare)
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Global longitudinal strain and mechanical dispersion in the general population aged 50-64 years - results from the echocardiography study of the Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study (SCAPIS)
- 2019
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Ingår i: European Heart Journal. - : Oxford University Press. - 0195-668X .- 1522-9645. ; 40:1, s. 1859-1859
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundThe Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study (SCAPIS) was initiated to improve understanding of underlying mechanisms in order to prevent cardiovascular and pulmonary disease. 30 000 individuals aged 50–64 years, randomly selected from the general population, were included in the study. Six-thousand-eight-hundred of the individuals underwent transthoracic echocardiography.Global longitudinal strain (GLS) and mechanical dispersion (MD) are novel echocardiographic measures of left ventricular (LV) systolic function and electrical instability reflecting risk for malignant arrhythmia, respectively. Previous studies suggest that the limit of normal for GLS is −16% and that MD >70 ms may be associated with increased risk for malignant arrhythmias. GLS and MD have, however, not before been investigated in a large population-based study.PurposeThe purpose of this first project within the SCAPIS echocardiography study is to determine the prevalence of impaired GLS and MD in the general population aged 50–64 years.MethodsGLS and MD, defined as mean peak longitudinal strain of the 18 LV segments and standard deviation of time-to-peak strain for the 18 LV segments, respectively, were analysed using a commercially available software. For group comparisons, the independent-samples t-test, the Mann-Whitney U-test or One Way Analysis of Variance with the Bonferroni post hoc test were performed. Values are mean±standard deviation.Results1850 examinations have so far been reviewed, whereof image quality was considered adequate for strain analysis in 1480 individuals (80%). Image quality, assessed as the number of visually assessable LV segments, was better for the second half of the examinations, as compared to the first half (p<0.001). Of the 1480 individuals where GLS and MD were assessed, 51% were women and mean age was 57±4.4 years with no difference in age between the sexes (p=ns). Mean GLS was −20±2% and men had significantly more negative (p<0.001) GLS values than women (−21±2% vs. −19±2%). There was no significant difference (p=ns) in GLS when comparing individuals aged 50–54, 55–59 or 60–64 years, respectively. GLS values were less negative than −16% in 1.9% of the study population. Mean MD was 41±12 ms with no significant difference (p=ns) between the sexes. MD was significantly lower (p<0.001) among individuals aged 50–54 years, as compared to those aged 55–59 or 60–64 years, respectively. MD was >70 ms in 1.6% of the study population.ConclusionsThese preliminary data from the SCAPIS echocardiography study suggest that, in the general population aged 50–64 years, 1.9% have impaired GLS and 1.6% have increased MD, which is possibly associated with a higher risk for malignant arrhythmias. Men had more negative GLS values than women and MD was lower in the lowest age tertile. Further analyses are ongoing.Acknowledgement/FundingThe Swedish Heart and Lung Foundation. Grants from Linkoping University. ALF-grants from the Swedish government (LIO-700841).
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| 10. |
- Blomstrand, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Exercise echocardiography : a methodological study comparing peak‐exercise and post‐exercise image information
- 1992
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Ingår i: Clinical Physiology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0144-5979 .- 1365-2281. ; 12:5, s. 553-565
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It is unclear whether echocardiography at peak bicycle exercise adds information to registrations obtained recumbent immediately after the test and what factors influence image quality. Therefore, exercise echocardiography was performed consecutively and prospectively in 66 men, unselected with regard to echocardiography, one month after an episode of unstable coronary artery disease. Of 594 segments (9 × 66), 569 (96%) were adequately visualized recumbent at rest. The corresponding figures recumbent directly after exercise, seated before exercise, and seated at peak exercise were 544 (92%), 474 (80%), and 428 (72%), respectively. In the majority of our patients, acceptable images at peak exercise were obtained for the septal region, while for the anterior, lateral, and inferior segments the success rate varied from 50 to 70%. Recumbent after exercise, the success rate was acceptable for most segments, possibly with the exception of the apical and lateral segments. Fifty‐five patients developed new wall motion abnormalities or worsening of wall motion in connection with exercise. Echocardiography at peak exercise provided more information than afterwards in patients with images of good quality. However, in patients with inferior image quality, the registrations obtained recumbent after the test revealed wall motion abnormalities which were not obtained seated at peak exercise. Patients with worse image quality had significantly higher respiratory rate and weight, and rated a higher degree of dyspnoea at peak exercise than those with good quality. We conclude that in middle aged men with coronary artery disease, image acquisition at peak bicycle exercise and immediately after exercise are of complementary value.
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