| 1. |
- Crous, P. W, et al.
(författare)
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Fungal Planet description sheets: 1284-1382
- 2021
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Ingår i: Persoonia. - : Naturalis Biodiversity Center. - 0031-5850. ; 47, s. 178-374
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Novel species of fungi described in this study include those from various countries as follows: Antartica, Cladosporium austrolitorale from coastal sea sand. Australia, Austroboletus yourkae on soil, Crepidotus innuopurpureus on dead wood, Curvularia stenotaphri from roots and leaves of Stenotaphrum secundatum and Thecaphora stajsicii from capsules of Oxalis radicosa. Belgium, Paraxerochrysium coryli (incl. Paraxerochrysium gen. nov.) from Corylus avellana. Brazil, Calvatia nordestina on soil, Didymella tabebuiicola from leaf spots on Tabebuia aurea, Fusarium subflagellisporum from hypertrophied floral and vegetative branches of Mangifera indica and Microdochium maculosum from living leaves of Digitaria insularis. Canada, Cuphophyllus bondii from a grassland. Croatia, Mollisia inferiseptata from a rotten Laurus nobilis trunk. Cyprus, Amanita exilis on calcareous soil. Czech Republic, Cytospora hippophaicola from wood of symptomatic Vaccinium corymbosum. Denmark, Lasiosphaeria deviata on pieces of wood and herbaceous debris. Dominican Republic, Calocybella goethei among grass on a lawn. France (Corsica), Inocybe corsica on wet ground. France (French Guiana), Trechispora patawaensis on decayed branch of unknown angiosperm tree and Trechispora subregularis on decayed log of unknown angiosperm tree. Germany, Paramicrothecium sambuci (incl. Paramicrothecium gen. nov.) on dead stems of Sambucus nigra. India, Aureobasidium microtermitis from the gut of a Microtermes sp. termite, Laccaria diospyricola on soil and Phylloporia tamilnadensis on branches of Catunaregam spinosa. Iran, Pythium serotinoosporum from soil under Prunus dulcis. Italy, Pluteus brunneovenosus on twigs of broadleaved trees on the ground. Japan, Heterophoma rehmanniae on leaves of Rehmannia glutinosa f. hueichingensis. Kazakhstan, Murispora kazachstanica from healthy roots of Triticum aestivum. Namibia, Caespitomonium euphorbiae (incl. Caespitomonium gen. nov.) from stems of an Euphorbia sp. Netherlands, Alfaria junci, Myrmecridium junci, Myrmecridium juncicola, Myrmecridium juncigenum, Ophioceras junci, Paradinemasporium junci (incl. Paradinemasporium gen. nov.), Phialoseptomonium junci, Sporidesmiella juncicola, Xenopyricularia junci and Zaanenomyces quadripartis (incl. Zaanenomyces gen. nov.), from dead culms of Juncus effusus, Cylindromonium everniae and Rhodoveronaea everniae from Evernia prunastri, Cyphellophora sambuci and Myrmecridium sambuci from Sambucus nigra, Kiflimonium junci, Sarocladium junci, Zaanenomyces moderatricis-academiae and Zaanenomyces versatilis from dead culms of Juncus inflexus, Microcera physciae from Physcia tenella, Myrmecridium dactylidis from dead culms of Dactylis glomerata, Neochalara spiraeae and Sporidesmium spiraeae from leaves of Spiraea japonica, Neofabraea salicina from Salix sp., Paradissoconium narthecii (incl. Paradissoconium gen. nov.) from dead leaves of Narthecium ossifragum, Polyscytalum vaccinii from Vaccinium myrtillus, Pseudosoloacrosporiella cryptomeriae (incl. Pseudosoloacrosporiella gen. nov.) from leaves of Cryptomeria japonica, Ramularia pararhabdospora from Plantago lanceolata, Sporidesmiella pini from needles of Pinus sylvestris and Xenoacrodontium juglandis (incl. Xenoacrodontium gen. nov. and Xenoacrodontiaceae fam. nov.) from Juglans regia. New Zealand, Cryptometrion metrosideri from twigs of Metrosideros sp., Coccomyces pycnophyllocladi from dead leaves of Phyllocladus alpinus, Hypoderma aliforme from fallen leaves Fuscopora solandri and Hypoderma subiculatum from dead leaves Phormium tenax. Norway, Neodevriesia kalakoutskii from permafrost and Variabilispora viridis from driftwood of Picea abies. Portugal, Entomortierella hereditatis from a biofilm covering a deteriorated limestone wall. Russia, Colpoma junipericola from needles of Juniperus sabina, Entoloma cinnamomeum on soil in grasslands, Entoloma verae on soil in grasslands, Hyphodermella pallidostraminea on a dry dead branch of Actinidia sp., Lepiota sayanensis on litter in a mixed forest, Papiliotrema horticola from Malus communis, Paramacroventuria ribis (incl. Paramacroventuria gen. nov.) from leaves of Ribes aureum and Paramyrothecium lathyri from leaves of Lathyrus tuberosus. South Africa, Harzia combreti from leaf litter of Combretum collinum ssp. sulvense, Penicillium xyleborini from Xyleborinus saxesenii, Phaeoisaria dalbergiae from bark of Dalbergia armata, Protocreopsis euphorbiae from leaf litter of Euphorbia ingens and Roigiella syzygii from twigs of Syzygium chordatum. Spain, Genea zamorana on sandy soil, Gymnopus nigrescens on Scleropodium touretii, Hesperomyces parexochomi on Parexochomus quadriplagiatus, Paraphoma variabilis from dung, Phaeococcomyces kinklidomatophilus from a blackened metal railing of an industrial warehouse and Tuber suaveolens in soil under Quercus faginea. Svalbard and Jan Mayen, Inocybe nivea associated with Salix polaris. Thailand, Biscogniauxia whalleyi on corticated wood. UK, Parasitella quercicola from Quercus robur. USA, Aspergillus arizonicus from indoor air in a hospital, Caeliomyces tampanus (incl. Caeliomyces gen. nov.) from office dust, Cippumomyces mortalis (incl. Cippumomyces gen. nov.) from a tombstone, Cylindrium desperesense from air in a store, Tetracoccosporium pseudoaerium from air sample in house, Toxicocladosporium glendoranum from air in a brick room, Toxicocladosporium losalamitosense from air in a classroom, Valsonectria portsmouthensis from air in men’s locker room and Varicosporellopsis americana from sludge in a water reservoir. Vietnam, Entoloma kovalenkoi on rotten wood, Fusarium chuoi inside seed of Musa itinerans, Micropsalliota albofelina on soil in tropical evergreen mixed forests and Phytophthora docyniae from soil and roots of Docynia indica. Morphological and culture characteristics are supported by DNA barcodes.
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| 2. |
- Gobel, K., et al.
(författare)
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Measurement of the Mo-92,Mo-93,Mo-94,Mo-100(gamma,n) reactions by Coulomb Dissociation
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Physics: Conference Series. - : IOP Publishing. - 1742-6588 .- 1742-6596. ; 665:1, s. art. no. 012034-
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Coulomb Dissociation (CD) cross sections of the stable isotopes Mo-92,Mo-94,Mo-100 and of the unstable isotope Mo-93 were measured at the LAND/(RB)-B-3 setup at GSI Helmholtzzentrum fur Schwerionenforschung in Darmstadt, Germany. Experimental data on these isotopes may help to explain the problem of the underproduction of Mo-92,Mo-94 and Ru-96,Ru-98 in the models of p-process nucleosynthesis. The CD cross sections obtained for the stable Mo isotopes are in good agreement with experiments performed with real photons, thus validating the method of Coulomb Dissociation. The result for the reaction Mo-93(gamma,n) is especially important since the corresponding cross section has not been measured before. A preliminary integral Coulomb Dissociation cross section of the Mo-94(gamma,n) reaction is presented. Further analysis will complete the experimental database for the (gamma,n) production chain of the p-isotopes of molybdenum.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- van Meer, Floor, et al.
(författare)
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Development and body mass inversely affect children's brain activation in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex during food choice
- 2019
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Ingår i: NeuroImage. - : Elsevier. - 1053-8119 .- 1095-9572. ; 201, s. 1-10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Childhood obesity is a rising problem caused in part by unhealthy food choices. Food choices are based on a neural value signal encoded in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex, and self-control involves modulation of this signal by the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC). We determined the effects of development, body mass (BMI Cole score) and body mass history on the neural correlates of healthy food choice in children. 141 children (aged 10-17y) from Germany, Hungary and Sweden were scanned with fMRI while performing a food choice task. Afterwards health and taste ratings of the foods were collected. In the food choice task children were asked to consider the healthiness or tastiness of the food or to choose naturally. Overall, children made healthier choices when asked to consider healthiness. However, children who had a higher weight gain per year chose less healthy foods when considering healthiness but not when choosing naturally. Pubertal development stage correlated positively while current body mass correlated negatively with dlPFC activation when accepting foods. Pubertal development negatively and current body mass positively influenced the effect of considering healthiness on activation of brain areas involved in salience and motivation. In conclusion, children in earlier stages of pubertal development and children with a higher body weight exhibited less activation in the dlPFC, which has been implicated in self-control during food choice. Furthermore, pubertal development and body mass influenced neural responses to a health cue in areas involved in salience and motivation. Thus, these findings suggest that children in earlier stages of pubertal development, children with a higher body mass gain and children with overweight may possibly be less susceptible to healthy eating interventions that rely on self-control or that highlight health aspects of food.
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| 5. |
- Moore, Edward R.B. 1954, et al.
(författare)
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Applications of MALDI-TOF and SARAMIS analyses for the identification of closely related clinically-relevant bacterial species
- 2009
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 12th Conference in Genomics and Proteomics of Human Pathogens: Target molecules and biomarkers in the characterisation of microbes in disease and the environment, June 25-26, London, UK.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Identification of prokaryotes in the complexity of microbial diversity is increasingly problematic for clinical diagnoses. Among the most difficult problems for clinical diagnostics is the identification of bacteria within “complexes” of closely related species, comprising pathogenic and non-pathogenic species with limited differentiating characteristics. However, these species complexes are composed of micro-organisms with different virulence potentials and it is essential to be able to obtain and confirm reliable identifications. A “polyphasic” multi-locus sequence analysis (MLSA) strategy may be applied for the typing and identification (species- and sub-species-levels) of bacteria, including “first-phase” comparisons of partial 16S rRNA gene sequences and subsequent “second-phase” analyses of one or more conserved house-keeping genes, for identification to the species level. These genotypic data are being used to correlate with the data obtained by MALDI-TOF (matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionisation time-of-flight) IC-MS (intact-cell mass-spectrometry) and analysed with the SARAMIS (Spectral Archive And Microbial Identification System) software and database package. The high reproducibility, rapid speed and low cost of MALDI-TOF IC-MS analyses makes the methodology ideal for processing large numbers of microbiological samples sent to the clinical lab for identification. The question of the resolution able to be obtained, using MALDI-TOF IC-MS was addressed by focusing analyses on bacteria comprising clinically-relevant species-complexes. The SARAMIS analysis of the MALDI-TOF IC-MS data was observed to be able to compare spectra from bacteria, yeast and fungi with reference spectra maintained in a database, identify the most closely related bacterial species with statistically-relevant confidence values and type strains to sub-species levels. The analyses are applicable to nearly all micro-organisms with high reproducibility.
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| 6. |
- Moore, Edward R.B. 1954, et al.
(författare)
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Polyphasic phenotypic and genotypic analyses for diagnosing closely related clinically-relevant bacteria
- 2007
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the XXIX Congreso Chileno de Microbología, December 3-5, Viña del Mar, Chile. ; , s. 44-45
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The majority of known pathogenic bacteria have been recognised for more than a century. However, reliable identification of specific pathogens within the increasing complexity of bacterial diversity is becoming more problematic for clinical diagnoses. DNA sequencing and genotyping of bacteria has helped enable recognition of the extensive diversity of microorganisms in the environment and the same approaches are more recently being adopted in clinical microbiology. Genotypic methods are especially suited to the analyses of the “difficult-to-cultivate” organisms, as well as bacteria that pose significant health risks during cultivation. Traditional phenotyping, as well as genotyping by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, in many cases are able to provide only good estimations of identifications, although they may be able to provide information on what an isolate is not. In some cases of clinical diagnoses, such information may be useful and adequate. However, such analyses are often not able to provide definitive identifications. Among the most difficult problem for diagnoses in clinical cases, is the identification of organisms within “complexes” of closely related species, e.g., the Burkholderia cepacia “complex”, the Mycobacterium tuberculosis “complex”, the Streptococcus mitis “complex”, etc. These, so called “complexes” are comprised of closely related pathogenic and non-pathogenic species or genomovars, with limited phenotypic and genotypic differentiating characteristics, e.g., the 16S rRNA gene sequence differences among such organisms is less than 1.0%. Because these species “complexes” are comprised of organisms with different pathogenic and virulence potential and different treatment regimen, it is essential to be able to provide reliable identifications to the clinicians. Genotyping of bacteria provides the means for detailed, high-resolution differentiation and identification of organisms, as well as epidemiological monitoring. For identification of clinical isolates, a “multi-locus sequence analysis (MLSA)”, is used, including “first-phasic” comparisons of partial 16S rRNA gene sequences, for identification to the sub-genus level, and subsequent analyses of one or more “house-keeping” genes, for identification to the species level. However, not all house-keeping genes are equally useful for all taxa. Thus, the key to effective identifications, with respect to the speed and cost of analyses, and the resolution and reproducibility of identifications, depends upon the selection of the most applicable house-keeping genes, i.e., those with adequately high levels of resolution among the most closely related species. Protocols and results for species-resolving MLSA, using “house-keeping” genes enable effective differentiation of clinically-relevant closely related species of respective genera of Burkholderia, Mycobacterium, Streptococcus and Staphylococcus, as well as Pseudomonas and Stenotrophomonas. Furthermore, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time-of-Flight mass-spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), in combination with Spectral Archive And Microbial Identification System (SARAMIS) software analyses, were able to further define species-level differentiation among the most closely-related members of species “complexes”. MALDI-TOF MS, generating cell protein profiles, may exhibit even higher levels of resolution than the most discriminating genotypic analyses for species, as well as strain, identifications. These phenotypic data, as well as traditional phenotypic data, and genotypic MLSA data are correlated in the polyphasic assessment and definition of selected species “complexes”.
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| 7. |
- Svensson, Liselott A, et al.
(författare)
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New genotypic and phenotypic analyses of clinically-relevant Gram-negative, non-fermenting bacteria: MALDI-TOF MS as a rapid, high-resolution method for identifying and typing microorganisms
- 2010
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Ingår i: 20th European Congress of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ECCMID), Vienna, Austria.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Objectives. Identification of Gram-negative, non-fermenting bacilli, using phenotypic characterization is problematic. Many of the species of this group are frequent nosocomial infectious agents and are ubiquitous in the environment. The aims of this study were to assess the resolving capacities of “house-keeping” gene sequences, including 16S rRNA, atpD, gyrB, recA, rpoB and rpoD, and to compare a multi-locus sequence analysis (MLSA) with matrix-assisted laser desorption time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry analyses for identifying and typing strains of Achromobacter, Bordetella, Burkholderia, Pseudomonas, and Stenotrophomonas species. Methods. Genotypic analyses. Type strains of the focus genera and species-complexes, other well-characterised reference strains and selected clinically-relevant strains representing a range of phenotypic and genotypic similarities were included in this study. Partial genes, 16S rRNA, atpD, recA, gyrB and rpoD recA were amplified by PCR and sequenced. DNA-DNA hybridisation analyses were carried out on selected strains for confirmation of species designations. MALDI-TOF analysis. Bacterial biomass were prepared from cultures on agar medium and analysed by MALDI-TOF MS, in the positive mode, using the SARAMIS software for analysis (1) Results. MLSA, using the respective house keeping genes were able to differentiate and identify the most closely related species of the analysed taxa and cluster analyses showed similarities of branching order between species that correlated well between different genes. However, different genes were not equally effective in differentiating species of the different genera. The MALDI-TOF analyses were effective in differentiating the most closely related species of the respective genera. Good correlation was observed between the results of MALDI-TOF MS and MLSA data. Conclusion. In most cases, clinically-relevant isolates and strains of Gram negative, non-fermenting bacilli exhibited good agreement between the methods of this study. In some cases, strains previously defined as given species were observed to be genotypically more similar to other species, as well as some strains with highly aberrant phenotypes were almost genotypically identical to the type strain. MALDI-TOF identification was very well correlated to the MLSA results, and is a much less expensive and effectively able to reduce identification times by 24-48 hours. (1) Vanlaere E et al. J. Microbiol. Meth. 75: 279-286 (2008).
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| 8. |
- Coates, Laura C., et al.
(författare)
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Secukinumab efficacy on resolution of enthesitis in psoriatic arthritis : pooled analysis of two phase 3 studies
- 2019
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Ingår i: Arthritis Research & Therapy. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1478-6354 .- 1478-6362. ; 21:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Enthesitis is one of the psoriatic arthritis (PsA) domains. Patients with enthesitis are associated with worse outcomes than those without enthesitis. The effect of secukinumab on the resolution of enthesitis in patients with PsA was explored using pooled data from the FUTURE 2 and 3 studies. METHOD: Assessments of enthesitis through week 104 used the Leeds Enthesitis Index. These post hoc analyses included resolution of enthesitis count (EC = 0), median time to first resolution of enthesitis (Kaplan-Meϊer estimate), and shift analysis (as observed) of baseline EC (1, 2, or 3-6) to full resolution (FR), stable (similar or reduction of EC), or worse (EC > baseline). Efficacy outcomes (ACR, PASI, HAQ-DI, SF-36 PCS, and DAS28-CRP) were assessed in patients with or without baseline enthesitis. Results are reported for secukinumab 300 and 150 mg in the overall population and by prior TNFi treatment. RESULTS: A total of 65% (466/712) of patients had baseline enthesitis. In the overall population, FR was achieved as early as week 16 in 65% (300 mg) and 56% (150 mg) versus 44% (placebo) patients, with further improvements to 91% (300 mg) and 88% (150 mg) at week 104. The majority (89%) of patients without enthesitis at baseline maintained this status at week 104. Median days to resolution of EC were shorter with secukinumab 300 and 150 mg versus placebo (57 and 85 vs 167 days, respectively). In patients with EC of 1 or 2, shift analysis from baseline to week 24 showed that more patients achieved FR with secukinumab 300 mg and 150 mg versus placebo, whereas no difference between secukinumab and placebo was shown in the more severe patients with EC of 3-6. Increases in proportions of patients with FR were observed with secukinumab irrespective of the severity of EC from baseline to week 104. Improvements in efficacy outcomes were similar in patients with or without enthesitis treated with secukinumab 300 mg. CONCLUSION: Secukinumab provided early and sustained resolution of enthesitis in patients with PsA over 2 years. Secukinumab 300 mg provided higher resolution than 150 mg in patients with more severe baseline EC and showed similar overall efficacy in patients with or without enthesitis. TRIAL REGISTRATION: FUTURE 2: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01752634 (date of study registration: December 19, 2012), and EudraCT, 2012-004439-22 (date of study registration: December 12, 2012) FUTURE 3: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01989468 (date of study registration: November 21, 2013), and EudraCT, 2013-004002-25 (date of study registration: December 17, 2013).
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| 9. |
- Erhard, Ainslee L., et al.
(författare)
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Exploratory study on purchase intention of vitamin D fortified drinks in Denmark, Iceland, and the UK
- 2020
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Ingår i: International Journal of Gastronomy and Food Science. - : Elsevier. - 1878-450X .- 1878-4518. ; 22, s. 100242-100242
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of this study was to discern if purchase intention of vitamin D fortified drinks is determined by attitudes in Denmark, Iceland, and the UK. An online survey was conducted among adults from these three countries (n = 426) in October 2019. A cluster analysis revealed three consumer segments; low, medium, and high purchase intention of vitamin D fortified drinks. The low purchase intention segment was characterized by older consumers, a Danish majority, and a higher proportion of omnivores, whereas the medium and high purchase intention segments were younger, and had a higher proportion of Icelanders and vegans. In conclusion, attitudes were found to significantly determine purchase intention across most measures. Attitudes towards vitamin D fortified drinks, such as appropriateness, price, naturalness, and taste may serve as barriers to purchase intention. These findings provide relevant insights for the improvement of public health initiatives in countries characterized by low vitamin D consumption.
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| 10. |
- Evans, N. P., et al.
(författare)
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Does grazing on biosolids-treated pasture pose a pathophysiological risk associated with increased exposure to endocrine disrupting compounds?
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Animal Science. - 0021-8812 .- 1525-3163. ; 92:8, s. 3185-3198
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Biosolids (processed human sewage sludge), which contain low individual concentrations of an array of contaminants including heavy metals and organic pollutants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB), and polychlorinated dibenzodioxins/polychlorinated dibenzofurans known to cause physiological disturbances, are increasingly being used as an agricultural fertilizer. This could pose a health threat to both humans and domestic and wild animal species. This review summarizes results of a unique model, used to determine the effects of exposure to mixtures of environmentally relevant concentrations of pollutants, in sheep grazed on biosolids-treated pastures. Pasture treatment results in nonsignificant increases in environmental chemical (EC) concentrations in soil. Whereas EC concentrations were increased in some tissues of both ewes and their fetuses, concentrations were low and variable and deemed to pose little risk to consumer health. Investigation of the effects of gestational EC exposure on fetal development has highlighted a number of issues. The results indicate that gestational EC exposure can adversely affect gonadal development (males and females) and that these effects can impact testicular morphology, ovarian follicle numbers and health, and the transcriptome and proteome in adult animals. In addition, EC exposure can be associated with altered expression of GnRH, GnRH receptors, galanin receptors, and kisspeptin mRNA within the hypothalamus and pituitary gland, gonadotroph populations within the pituitary gland, and regional aberrations in thyroid morphology. In most cases, these anatomical and functional differences do not result in altered peripheral hormone concentrations or reproductive function (e.g., lambing rate), indicating physiological compensation under the conditions tested. Physiological compensation is also suggested from studies that indicate that EC effects may be greater when exposure occurs either before or during gestation compared with EC exposure throughout life. With regard to human and animal health, this body of work questions the concept of safe individual concentration of EC when EC exposure typically occurs as complex mixtures. It suggests that developmental EC exposure may affect many different physiological systems, with some sex-specific differences in EC sensitivity, and that EC effects may be masked under favorable physiological conditions.
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