| 1. |
- Ericson, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
-
Exploit and explore : two ways of categorizing innovation projects
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Impacting society through engineering design. - Glasgow : Design Research Society. - 9781904670230 ; , s. 284-293
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Innovation is vital to companies, but also difficult to perform since there are many ways to approach the subject. Typically, a balance between all issues related to innovation is suggested in literature. The empirical study presented in this paper elaborates on two strategies for innovation projects, namely to exploit existing solutions and to explore a market to develop breakthrough solutions. This is done for the purpose to discuss management implications, and thereby also make those transparent for innovation projects. The result indicates that managerial implications for radical innovation projects are to provide internal legitimacy for the projects intentions, to provide for a clear view of balancing aspects by using concepts that fit into opposite ends on a continuum, and to preserve a rich information base about users.
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
- Wikberg-Nilsson, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
-
Design : process och metod
- 2015
-
Bok (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- På nittiotalet, då jag utbildade mig till industridesigner på HDK vid Göteborgs Universitet, var det inte många som visste något om det yrket, de frågade ”... menar du kläder?”. Vilken skillnad jämfört med nu när alla verkar veta och tycka något om designade prylar och använder många olika digitala tjänster.Som nyanställd på ett konsultföretag upptäckte jag att inte heller i näringslivet var design speciellt känt. Jag fick ofta prata med kunderna om vilken möjlighet designtänkande kunde vara för dem och deras produkter. Det grundlade en övertygelse hos mig om behovet av strukturerade metoder och ett arbetssätt som kommunicerar väl med kunden. Jag ville arbeta mer med det så 2001 beslutade jag mig för att börja undervisa. Under fem år som lärare i industridesign på HDK och tio år vid Teknisk design på Chalmers har jag använt många böcker med olika inriktningar och möjlighet till fördjupning. Jag har saknat en bra översikt som studenterna kan komma tillbaka till i projekt och som de senare i yrkeslivet kan använda för att visa helheten för andra, tills jag blev inkopplad på den här boken. Det finns idag många olika utbildningar och yrkesvarianter av designers. Fler och fler upptäcker att design är något av det viktigaste som finns. Det påverkar ju oss dagligen, avgör om och när vi väljer något och hur vi använder det. Design är också, som du kommer att märka när du läser boken, mycket mera än bara sakerna vi ser. Ja egentligen kan allt som skapas och formuleras på något sätt vara designat. Men det är skillnad på design och design, ibland är den bara en fördyrande detalj eller uppsnyggning av något, ibland är den innovativ och tar hänsyn till själva användningen och användaren. Det svåraste för de som betraktar eller ska introduceras till design brukar vara förhållandet mellan det objektiva och det subjektiva - vad är sant för alla och vad är bara sant för en utvald grupp? Och vad är den viktigaste delen av design; är det tekniken, nyhetsvärdet, utseendet eller funktionen? Efter att ha sett tusentals projekt och lösningar är jag övertygad om att de lösningar som överlevt, och kommer att överleva längst, är designade av människor som förstått vilka som ska använda deras lösningar och hur användarens behov av form och funktion är. En optimal designlösning är olika för olika människor och olika situationer, när du kan hantera det har du kommit långt som designer. En vanlig missuppfattning om design är att det är något som fixas till i slutet eller att det är en rent konstnärlig process där man väntar på inspiration. Det bästa resultatet kommer när designtänkandet är strukturerat och finns med tidigt. Många av dagens produktsystem är svåra att förstå och använda. Här kan olika professioner hjälpas åt eftersom en av designerns viktigaste uppgift är att analysera och visualisera behov, gränser och innovationsmöjligheter för och tillsammans med andra. Därför behövs förståelse för designtänkande mer än någonsin inom många yrken, såväl tekniskt som socialt. Det är, som jag brukar säga till studenterna, enkelt att göra något svårt men svårt att göra något enkelt - det gäller att hitta essensen av någots existens. Det har varit mycket roligt att få vara en del i framtagandet av den här boken. Här finns en helhet som är sällsynt. Författarna har i Design:process och metod lagt mycket arbete och efterforskningar på att strukturera och ta fram en unik sammansättning av olika synsätt och metoder för alla som vill förstå designarbete och beprövade designverktyg som en helhet. Genom att studera och prova dessa kan den som läser få en korrekt start, bli mer kreativ, göra en bättre presentation av sitt eget designarbete eller förstå andra som arbetar med design. Det här är en bok som borde vara obligatorisk läsning för alla som handskas med utvecklingsprojekt. Örjan SöderbergMaster of Fine Arts i industridesign HDK AIVELektor och programansvarig på Civilingenjörsprogrammet i Teknisk Design på Chalmers tekniska högskola
|
|
| 4. |
|
|
| 5. |
|
|
| 6. |
|
|
| 7. |
- Bergström, Erik, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
-
Revisiting information security risk management challenges : a practice perspective
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Information and Computer Security. - : Emerald Group Publishing Limited. - 2056-4961. ; 27:3, s. 358-372
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose – The study aims to revisit six previously defined challenges in information security risk management to provide insights into new challenges based on current practices.Design/methodology/approach – The study is based on an empirical study consisting of in-depth interviews with representatives from public sector organisations. The data were analysed by applying a practice-based view, i.e. the lens of knowing (or knowings). The results were validated by an expert panel.Findings – Managerial and organisational concerns that go beyond a technical perspective have been . found, which affect the ongoing social build-up of knowledge in everyday information security work.Research limitations/implications – The study has delimitation as it consists of data from four public sector organisations, i.e. statistical analyses have not been in focus, while implying a better understanding of what and why certain actions are practised in their security work.Practical implications – The new challenges that have been identified offer a refined set of actionable advice to practitioners, which, for example, can support cost-efficient decisions and avoid unnecessary security trade-offs.Originality/value – Information security is increasingly relevant for organisations, yet little is still known about how related risks are handled in practice. Recent studies have indicated a gap between the espoused and the actual actions. Insights from actual, situated enactment of practice can advise on process adaption and suggest more fit approaches.
|
|
| 8. |
|
|
| 9. |
- Bergström, Mattias, et al.
(författare)
-
Educating engineering designers for a multidisciplinary future
- 2007
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Contemporary companies on a global market are experiencing constantly changing business demands and increased competition. Increasing focus in product development is now put on issues like understanding users and their needs, the context where users’ activities take place and creating sustainable solutions (McAloone, et.al., 2007). In manufacturing companies, engineering designers play a significant role in realising what is captured in these words.Future engineering designers will hold wider responsibilities for such tasks (McAloone, et.al., 2007; Larsson, et.al., 2005), thus challenging current engineering design education. Educating engineering designers today significantly differs from traditional engineering education (McAloone, et.al., 2007). However, a broader view of design activities gains little attention. The project course Product/Service-Systems, which is coupled to the lecture based course Product life and Environmental issues at the Technical University of Denmark (DTU) and the master programme in Product Development at the Luleå University of Technology (LTU), Sweden, are both curriculums with a broader view than traditional (mechanical) engineering design. Based on these two representatives of a Scandinavian approach, the purpose in this presentation is to describe two ways of educating engineering designers to enable them to develop these broader competencies of socio-technical aspects of engineering design. Product Development at LTU A process, called Participatory Product Innovation (P2I) underpins the master programme Product Development and originates from the Design for Wellbeing (DfW) framework (Larsson, et.al., 2005). This is an inclusive framework which seeks to bring together business, human issues and technology in a comprehensive approach to support the creation of tomorrow’s innovations. A main principle is that many different disciplines should contribute to spur innovation by collaboration across disciplines (Larsson, et.al., 2007). The P2I process starting position is in Needfinding (Patnaik and Becker, 1999), were the students conduct observations and interviews to gain access to ualities in the users’ context. An identified challenge here is to keep people in view and not jump into conclusions, i.e., to understand a situation perceived by its actors as problematic and to widen the design space. Product/Service-Systems at DTU Besides the teaching of traditional engineering skills, the curriculum for the project course aims to build up multidisciplinary competences such as understanding the socio technical aspects of product design and synthesis of products and delivery systems. The students are assigned to redesign an existing physical product, such as a washing machine, and turn it into a product/service-system. The main objective for the project is that the resulting solution should have a substantially lower environmental impact whilst maintaining a similar functional performance as the initial product. The student teams are first guided through an analysis of the initial product’s product life cycle, yielding insights into four aspects of product design:1. indentification of current environmental impacts, 2. life phase systems the product encounters, 3. activities that involve the human actor (i.e. customer) and the product, 4. actor-network that support and supply these activities throughout the product’s life. Based on the analysis, goals are set for the improved solution and concepts are developed for a new product/service-system. This way the students are lead through engineering and socio-technical analysis tasks and thereby laying the foundation for their synthesis work in the concept development phase of the project. Concluding Remark By emphasising socio technical aspects in a process model or in a project course, the students are more likely to consider users, their context and sustainable solutions. This we see as essential competencies in product/service-system design and functional product development. References Larsson, A., Larsson, T., Leifer, L., Van der Loos, M., Feland, J. (2005), Design for Wellbeing: Innovations for People, In proceedings of 15th International Conference on Engineering Design, ICED 05, August 15-18, Melbourne, Australia.McAloone, T.C., Andreasen, M.M., Boelskifte, P. (2007), A Scandinavian Model of Innovative Product Development, In Proccedings of the 17th CIRP Design Conference, Springer-Verlag, Berlin. Patnaik, D., Becker, R. (1999), Needfinding: The Why and How of Uncovering People’s Needs, Design Management Journal, 10 (2), 37-43.
|
|
| 10. |
- Bergström, Mattias, et al.
(författare)
-
Needs as a basis for design rationale
- 2008
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A basic principle for Needfinding [Faste, 1987; Patnaik & Becker, 1999] is that designers and engineers should interact directly with users to get direct insights into the user domain. Needfinding is not a new phenomena, it is almost forty years ago since the process was adopted at Stanford University’s product design program [Patnaik & Becker, 1999]. As the name, Need-finding, implies, this is an intertwined approach to find needs which are not readily articulated by users. The application of a Needfinding process offers qualitative methods to make those needs visible early on in product development. In fact, the process has become more interesting during recent time, since qualitative methods have gained more acceptance outside the academic realm [ibid.].The word qualitative indicates that what are sought for are qualities such as people’s experiences, what they perceive or interpret into a situation [Miles & Huberman, 1994; Patton, 2002]. Such data is contextually dependent, i.e., it must be generated in the context in which the phenomena occur. Besides context, people’s activities, behaviours and goals are important to observe and learn from. The objectives, for applying Needfinding, are to make the identification of needs and design a seamless effort, as well as an interest to identify opportunities to innovations. Needs last longer than any solution [Patnaik & Becker, 1999], since they are grounded in people’s activities. The solution and product that might meet such needs change over time. One example is how to store computer data, the products which satisfy the need has changed from, e.g., punch cards, magnetic tape, floppy discs [ibid.] to USB-flash memories. A guiding methodology in Needfinding is a flexible process, which is adapted to the task at hand [Kelley, 2001]. Such a process is conveyed in a few basic steps and, builds on a ‘philosophy’ which permeates all activities in order to adapt the process according to the project. Therefore, the designer’s ability to rely on such a process depends on familiarity with a number of methods for observations and interviews, as well as an aptitude for socio-technical skills. Hence, the purpose in this paper is to present and reflect on methods used in a running development project to identify needs in a product development project. This is done to contribute to the advancement of a need driven product development process. The disposition of this paper is as follows. First, our approach in studying the need identification activities is presented. Second, a theoretical frame for need identification and design is presented, i.e., Needfinding [Patnaik & Becker, 1999]. Third, the practice of finding needs is outlined and discussed.
|
|
