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| 2. |
- Ericson, Petrea, 1966, et al.
(författare)
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Low Levels of Exhaled Surfactant Protein A Associated With BOS After Lung Transplantation
- 2016
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Ingår i: Transplantation Direct. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 2373-8731. ; 2:9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background. There is no clinically available marker for early detection or monitoring of chronic rejection in the form of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS), the main long-term complication after lung transplantation. Sampling and analysis of particles in exhaled air is a valid, noninvasive method for monitoring surfactant protein A (SP-A) and albumin in the distal airways. Methods. We asked whether differences in composition of exhaled particles can be detected when comparing stable lung transplant recipients (LTRs) (n = 26) with LTRs who develop BOS (n = 7). A comparison between LTRs and a matching group of healthy controls (n = 33) was also conducted. Using a system developed in-house, particles were collected from exhaled air by the principal of inertial impaction before chemical analysis by immunoassays. Results. Surfactant protein A in exhaled particles and the SP-A/albumin ratio were lower (P = 0.002 and P = 0.0001 respectively) in the BOS group compared to the BOS-free group. LTRs exhaled higher amount of particles (P < 0.0001) and had lower albumin content (P < 0.0001) than healthy controls. Conclusions. We conclude that low levels of SP-A in exhaled particles are associated with increased risk of BOS in LTRs. The possibility that this noninvasive method can be used to predict BOS onset deserves further study with prospective and longitudinal approaches.
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| 3. |
- Samuelsson, Kristin, 1979, et al.
(författare)
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Accumulation of FITC near stratum corneum-visualizing epidermal distribution of a strong sensitizer using two-photon microscopy
- 2009
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Ingår i: Contact Dermatitis. - : Wiley. - 0105-1873 .- 1600-0536. ; 61:2, s. 91-100
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background The allergenic potency of a hapten is related to its skin penetration properties, but little is known about the distribution of haptens in the skin following topical application. Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate the diffusion and epidermal distribution using two-photon microscopy (TPM) of two fluorescent compounds. Methods Sensitizing capacities of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) and fluorescein were investigated using the local lymph node assay. Chemical reactivity of the compounds was analysed, and their distribution in human epidermis was visualized using TPM and confocal microscopy. Also the in vitro diffusion through epidermis of FITC and fluorescein has been examined. Results FITC was classified as an extreme sensitizer, whereas fluorescein was non-sensitizing. TPM and confocal microscopy showed an accumulation of FITC in stratum corneum (SC), whereas fluorescein was more evenly distributed in epidermis. The diffusion of fluorescein through epidermis was three times higher than that of FITC. Conclusions TPM, which has never been used in this context before, is a promising tool for visualizing the distribution of fluorescent compounds of varying reactivity in intact skin. The strong allergen FITC is mainly retained in or adjacent to SC, whereas most fluorescein diffused through the epidermis.
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| 4. |
- Simonsson, Carl, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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A study of the enhanced sensitizing capacity of a contact allergen in lipid vesicle formulations.
- 2011
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Ingår i: Toxicology and applied pharmacology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1096-0333 .- 0041-008X. ; 252:3, s. 221-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The growing focus on nanotechnology and the increased use of nano-sized structures, e.g. vesicles, in topical formulations has led to safety concerns. We have investigated the sensitizing capacity and penetration properties of a fluorescent model compound, rhodamine B isothiocyanate (RBITC), when administered in micro- and nano-scale vesicle formulations. The sensitizing capacity of RBITC was studied using the murine local lymph node assay (LLNA) and the skin penetration properties were compared using diffusion cells in combination with two-photon microscopy (TPM). The lymph node cell proliferation, an indicator of a compounds sensitizing capacity, increased when RBITC was applied in lipid vesicles as compared to an ethanol:water (Et:W) solution. Micro-scale vesicles showed a slightly higher cell proliferative response compared to nano-scale vesicles. TPM imaging revealed that the vesicle formulations improved the skin penetration of RBITC compared to the Et:W solution. A strong fluorescent region in the stratum corneum and upper epidermis implies elevated association of RBITC to these skin layers when formulated in lipid vesicles. In conclusion, the results indicate that there could be an elevated risk of sensitization when haptens are delivered in vehicles containing lipid vesicles. Although the size of the vesicles seems to be of minor importance, further studies are needed before a more generalized conclusion can be drawn. It is likely that the enhanced sensitizing capacity is a consequence of the improved penetration and increased formation of hapten-protein complexes in epidermis when RBITC is delivered in ethosomal formulations.
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| 5. |
- Simonsson, Carl, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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The pilosebaceous unit-a phthalate-induced pathway to skin sensitization
- 2012
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Ingår i: Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0041-008X. ; 264:1, s. 114-120
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is caused by low-molecular weight compounds called haptens. It has been shown that the potency of haptens can depend on the formulation in which they are applied on the skin. Specifically the sensitization potency of isothiocyanates, a group of haptens which can be released from e.g. adhesive tapes and neoprene materials, increases with the presence of phthalates; however, the underlying mechanisms are not clear. A better understanding of the mechanisms governing the potency of haptens is important, e.g. to improve the risk assessment and the formulation of chemicals in consumer products. In this study we have explored phthalate-induced effects on the sensitization potency, skin distribution, and reactivity of fluorescent model isothiocyanate haptens using non-invasive two-photon microscopy to provide new insights regarding vehicle effects in ACD. The data presented in this paper indicate that the sensitization potency of isothiocyanates increases when applied in combination with dibutylphthalate due to a specific uptake via the pilosebaceous units. The results highlight the importance of shunt pathways when evaluating the bioavailability of skin sensitizers. The findings also indicate that vehicle-dependent hapten reactivity towards stratum corneum proteins regulates the bioavailability, and thus the potency, of skin sensitizers. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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