| 1. |
- Augustsson, Erika, et al.
(författare)
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Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Swedish adults aged 77 years and older : Age differences in lifestyle changes
- 2023
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : Sage Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 51:5, s. 764-768
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: This study aimed to describe the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on lifestyle and social activities among older adults in Sweden, with a special focus on differences between the ‘younger old’ (aged 77–84) and ‘older old’ (aged 85–109).Methods: This study is based on a nationally representative sample of older adults (aged ⩾77 years) in Sweden (SWEOLD). Data were collected between May 2021 and April 2022, when many recommendations were removed but the virus was still classified as a public health disease. We studied occurrences and differences between the two age groups in several lifestyle factors and social activities.Results: The younger old displayed larger changes in lifestyles because of the pandemic than the older old. Most changes were found in social interactions with family.Conclusions: Our results highlight the large heterogeneity within the Swedish population aged ⩾77 years, and that the younger old experienced a bigger lifestyle change than the older old. Previous activity levels might be important to consider in order to understand how regulations may affect the older population. Finally, our findings indicate large age differences in Internet use, which require attention to prevent digital exclusion of an already vulnerable group.
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| 2. |
- Dahlby, Malin, et al.
(författare)
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Parent-child interaction: Relationship between pause duration and infant vocabulary at 18 months
- 2011
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Ingår i: Proceedings from Fonetik 2011. - Stockholm. ; , s. 101-104
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Studies of child language development have shown that children from an early age are aware of turn-taking patterns in interaction. The aim of this study is to investigate if there is a relationship between turn-taking pauses in parent-child interaction and child vocabulary at 18 months of age. Analysis of pause duration is conducted on recordings from the SPRINT language intervention project and pause duration is found to correlate with child vocabulary size. Different possible reasons for this correlation are discussed.
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| 3. |
- Ericsson, Dag, et al.
(författare)
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Value Innovation and Demand Chain Management : keys to future success in the fashion industry
- 2012
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Ingår i: Nordic Textile Journal. - : CTF. - 1404-2487. ; 1, s. 83-90
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Value innovation is a key in developing competitive advantage in most industries. Value innovation is both related to the physical products and accompanying value-adding services. Logistics has evolved from an order qualifier – that is a necessity – to an order winner. Increased focus on the consumer and co-creation with the consumer as a vital partner lead to alignments and rethinking of the channel structure. The supply chain evolves into a demand chain! Deeper knowledge about the why, how, and when of consumer buying behaviour is a main ingredient in demand chain thinking, and the starting point in designing and developing segmented demand chains in the fashion market. These chains are built on partnership and trust oriented relationships. The game of power is increasingly replaced by the game of trust. This is a necessity when the competition shifts from rivalry between companies to rivalry between chains. In this position paper we discuss visions of the fashion future, and how to develop innovative concepts that deliver added value to the consumer. The “old school” of distribution economy, and the concept of convenience, are the basic theoretical grounds, and we argue that innovations could be reached when investing in consumer insights and closer relationships in the demand chain.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Ericsson, Malin Christina, et al.
(författare)
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Validation of abridged mini-mental state examination scales using population-based data from Sweden and USA
- 2017
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Ingår i: European Journal of Ageing. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1613-9372 .- 1613-9380. ; 14:2, s. 199-205
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of this study is to validate two abridged versions of the mini-mental state examination (MMSE): one intended for use in face-to-face interviews, and the other developed for telephonic interviews, using data from Sweden and the US to validate the abridged scales against dementia diagnoses as well as to compare their performance to that of the full MMSE scale. The abridged versions were based on eight domains from the original MMSE scale. The domains included in the MMSE-SF were registration, orientation, delayed recall, attention, and visual spatial ability. In the MMSE-SF-C, the visual spatial ability item was excluded, and instead, one additional orientation item was added. There were 794 participants from the Swedish HARMONY study [mean age 81.8 (4.8); the proportion of cognitively impaired was 51 %] and 576 participants from the US ADAMS study [mean age 83.2 (5.7); the proportion of cognitively impaired was 65 %] where it was possible to compare abridged MMSE scales to dementia diagnoses and to the full MMSE scale. We estimated the sensitivity and specificity levels of the abridged tests, using clinical diagnoses as reference. Analyses with both the HARMONY and the ADAMS data indicated comparable levels of sensitivity and specificity in detecting cognitive impairment for the two abridged scales relative to the full MMSE. Receiver operating characteristic curves indicated that the two abridged scales corresponded well to those of the full MMSE. The two abridged tests have adequate validity and correspond well with the full MMSE. The abridged versions could therefore be alternatives to consider in larger population studies where interview length is restricted, and the respondent burden is high.
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| 6. |
- Ericsson, Malin, et al.
(författare)
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Childhood social class and cognitive aging in the Swedish Adoption/Twin Study of Aging
- 2017
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 114:27, s. 7001-7006
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this report we analyzed genetically informative data to investigate within-person change and between-person differences in late-life cognitive abilities as a function of childhood social class. We used data from nine testing occasions spanning 28 y in the Swedish Adoption/Twin Study of Aging and parental social class based on the Swedish socioeconomic index. Cognitive ability included a general factor and the four domains of verbal, fluid, memory, and perceptual speed. Latent growth curve models of the longitudinal data tested whether level and change in cognitive performance differed as a function of childhood social class. Between-within twin-pair analyses were performed on twins reared apart to assess familial confounding. Childhood social class was significantly associated with mean-level cognitive performance at age 65 y, but not with rate of cognitive change. The association decreased in magnitude but remained significant after adjustments for level of education and the degree to which the rearing family was supportive toward education. A between-pair effect of childhood social class was significant in all cognitive domains, whereas within-pair estimates were attenuated, indicating genetic confounding. Thus, childhood social class is important for cognitive performance in adulthood on a population level, but the association is largely attributable to genetic influences.
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| 7. |
- Ericsson, Malin, et al.
(författare)
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Educational Influences on Late-Life Health : Genetic Propensity and Attained Education
- 2024
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Ingår i: The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences. - 1079-5014 .- 1758-5368. ; 79:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: The educational gradient in late-life health is well established. Despite this, there are still ambiguities concerning the role of underlying confounding by genetic influences and gene-environment (GE) interplay. Here, we investigate the role of educational factors (attained and genetic propensities) on health and mortality in late life using genetic propensity for educational attainment (as measured by a genome-wide polygenic score, PGSEdu) and attained education.Methods: By utilizing genetically informative twin data from the Swedish Twin Registry (n = 14,570), we investigated influences of the educational measures, familial confounding as well as the possible presence of passive GE correlation on both objective and subjective indicators of late-life health, that is, the Frailty Index, Multimorbidity, Self-rated health, cardiovascular disease, and all-cause mortality.Results: Using between-within models to adjust for shared familial factors, we found that the relationship between educational level and health and mortality later in life persisted despite controlling for familial confounding. PGSEdu and attained education both uniquely predicted late-life health and mortality, even when mutually adjusted. Between-within models of PGSEdu on the health outcomes in dizygotic twins showed weak evidence for passive GE correlation (prGE) in the education-health relationship.Discussion: Both genetic propensity to education and attained education are (partly) independently associated with health in late life. These results lend further support for a causal education-health relationship but also raise the importance of genetic contributions and GE interplay.
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| 8. |
- Ericsson, Malin, et al.
(författare)
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Life-course socioeconomic differences and social mobility in preventable and non-preventable mortality : a study of Swedish twins
- 2019
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Ingår i: International Journal of Epidemiology. - : Oxford University Press. - 0300-5771 .- 1464-3685. ; 48:5, s. 1701-1709
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundDespite advances in life expectancy, low socioeconomic status is associated with a shorter lifespan. This study was conducted to investigate socioeconomic differences in mortality by comparing preventable with non-preventable causes of death in 39 506 participants from the Swedish Twin Registry born before 1935.MethodsChildhood social class, own education, own social class and social mobility were used as separate indicators of socioeconomic status. These data were linked to the Swedish Cause of Death Register. Cause of death was categorized as preventable or non-preventable mortality according to indicators presented in the Avoidable Mortality in the European Union (AMIEHS) atlas. Using Cox proportional hazard models, we tested the association between the socioeconomic measures and all-cause mortality, preventable mortality and non-preventable mortality. Additional co-twin control analyses indicated whether the associations reflected genetic confounding.ResultsThe social gradient for mortality was most prominent for the adult socioeconomic measures. There was a social gradient in both preventable mortality and non-preventable mortality, but with an indication of a moderately stronger effect in preventable causes of death. In analyses of social mobility, those who experienced life-time low socioeconomic status (SES) or downward social mobility had an increased mortality risk compared with those with life-time high SES and upward social mobility. Adjustments for genetic confounding did not change the observed associations for education, social class or social mobility and mortality. In the co-twin control analyses of reared-apart twins, the association between childhood social class and mortality weakened, indicating possible genetic influences on this association.ConclusionsOur results indicate that there is an association between low adult socioeconomic status and increased mortality independent of genetic endowment. Thus, we do not find support for indirect social selection as the basis for mortality inequalities in Sweden
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| 9. |
- Ericsson, Malin
(författare)
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Socioeconomic influences on late-life health and mortality : exploring genetic and environmental interplay
- 2019
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The objective of this thesis was to increase the understanding of socioeconomic differences in health and mortality in old age - in a genetically informative setting. Data from the Swedish Twin Registry (STR), different statistical methods, and family-based designs were applied to investigate socioeconomic circumstances over the life-course and how these affect cognitive function, frailty, and mortality in late life. In Study I, we studied the effect of rearing social class on late-life cognitive ability. An association between rearing social class and cognitive ability at age 65 was observed, but there was no effect on cognitive change. After controlling for familial influences, the association between rearing social class and late-life cognitive ability no longer remained and could instead be attributed to genetic influences. In Study II, we used a classical twin design to investigate if childhood and attained socioeconomic indicators moderates the effects of genes and environment on late-life cognitive abilities. Cognitive ability was measured via four cognitive tests and a general ability score. Estimates of intercepts from growth models centered at age 75 and two linear slopes (before and after age 75) were utilized in the moderation models. The results from the moderator models for the four socioeconomic indicators showed similar patterns for the intercept. For cognitive change, moderation differed depending on cognitive test and socioeconomic indicator. In Study III, we investigated mortality inequalities by comparing preventable and non-preventable mortality using a survival model. Familial confounding was analyzed using a co-twin control method. We observed a social gradient for mortality for the adult socioeconomic measures, which was stronger for preventable mortality than for non-preventable mortality. Adjustments for familial confounding did not change the observed associations between the attained socioeconomic indicators and mortality. However, the associations between rearing social class and mortality did not remain in the co-twin control analyses of the reared apart twins. In Study IV, we explored the influence of attained socioeconomic indicators on frailty and mortality in men and women. Additional co-twin control analyses indicated familial confounding. Frailty was operationalized as the Frailty Index. There were robust sex differences in frailty. Socioeconomic influences on frailty were stronger for women than for men. In the co-twin control analyses, the effect remained the same for men, but for women the within-pair effect was strongly attenuated. No differences could be observed dependent on zygosity. The socioeconomic gradient in the relationship between frailty and mortality was stronger in men, but was not influenced by familial factors.
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