| 1. |
- Thorslund, Birgitta, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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Cognitive workload and visual behavior in elderly drivers with hearing loss
- 2014
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Ingår i: European Transport Research Review. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1867-0717 .- 1866-8887. ; 6:4, s. 377-385
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose was to examine eye tracking data and compare visual behavior in individuals with normal hearing (NH) and with moderate hearing loss (HL) during two types of driving conditions: normal driving and driving while performing a secondary task.Methods24 participants with HL and 24 with NH were exposed to normal driving and to driving with a secondary task (observation and recall of 4 visually displayed letters). Eye movement behavior was assessed during normal driving by the following performance indicators: number of glances away from the road; mean duration of glances away from the road; maximum duration of glances away from the road; and percentage of time looking at the road. During driving with the secondary task, eye movement data were assessed in terms of number of glances to the secondary task display, mean duration of glances to the secondary task display, and maximum duration of glances to the secondary task display. The secondary task performance was assessed as well, counting the number of correct letters, the number of skipped letters, and the number of correct letters ignoring order.ResultsWhile driving with the secondary task, drivers with HL looked twice as often in the rear-view mirror than during normal driving and twice as often as drivers with NH regardless of condition. During secondary task, the HL group looked away from the road more frequently but for shorter durations than the NH group. Drivers with HL had fewer correct letters and more skipped letters than drivers with NH.
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| 2. |
- Bergström, Göran, 1964, et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence of Subclinical Coronary Artery Atherosclerosis in the General Population
- 2021
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Ingår i: Circulation. - Philadelphia : American Heart Association. - 0009-7322 .- 1524-4539. ; 144:12, s. 916-929
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Early detection of coronary atherosclerosis using coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA), in addition to coronary artery calcification (CAC) scoring, may help inform prevention strategies. We used CCTA to determine the prevalence, severity, and characteristics of coronary atherosclerosis and its association with CAC scores in a general population.Methods: We recruited 30 154 randomly invited individuals age 50 to 64 years to SCAPIS (the Swedish Cardiopulmonary Bioimage Study). The study includes individuals without known coronary heart disease (ie, no previous myocardial infarctions or cardiac procedures) and with high-quality results from CCTA and CAC imaging performed using dedicated dual-source CT scanners. Noncontrast images were scored for CAC. CCTA images were visually read and scored for coronary atherosclerosis per segment (defined as no atherosclerosis, 1% to 49% stenosis, or ≥50% stenosis). External validity of prevalence estimates was evaluated using inverse probability for participation weighting and Swedish register data.Results: In total, 25 182 individuals without known coronary heart disease were included (50.6% women). Any CCTA-detected atherosclerosis was found in 42.1%; any significant stenosis (≥50%) in 5.2%; left main, proximal left anterior descending artery, or 3-vessel disease in 1.9%; and any noncalcified plaques in 8.3% of this population. Onset of atherosclerosis was delayed on average by 10 years in women. Atherosclerosis was more prevalent in older individuals and predominantly found in the proximal left anterior descending artery. Prevalence of CCTA-detected atherosclerosis increased with increasing CAC scores. Among those with a CAC score >400, all had atherosclerosis and 45.7% had significant stenosis. In those with 0 CAC, 5.5% had atherosclerosis and 0.4% had significant stenosis. In participants with 0 CAC and intermediate 10-year risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease according to the pooled cohort equation, 9.2% had CCTA-verified atherosclerosis. Prevalence estimates had excellent external validity and changed marginally when adjusted to the age-matched Swedish background population.Conclusions: Using CCTA in a large, random sample of the general population without established disease, we showed that silent coronary atherosclerosis is common in this population. High CAC scores convey a significant probability of substantial stenosis, and 0 CAC does not exclude atherosclerosis, particularly in those at higher baseline risk.
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| 3. |
- Drevinge, Christina, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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Perilipin 5 is protective in the ischemic heart
- 2016
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Ingår i: International Journal of Cardiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-5273 .- 1874-1754. ; 219, s. 446-454
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Myocardial ischemia is associated with alterations in cardiac metabolism, resulting in decreased fatty acid oxidation and increased lipid accumulation. Here we investigate how myocardial lipid content and dynamics affect the function of the ischemic heart, and focus on the role of the lipid droplet protein perilipin 5 (Plin5) in the pathophysiology of myocardial ischemia. Methods and results: We generated Plin5(-/-) mice and found that Plin5 deficiency dramatically reduced the triglyceride content in the heart. Under normal conditions, Plin5(-/-) mice maintained a close to normal heart function by decreasing fatty acid uptake and increasing glucose uptake, thus preserving the energy balance. However, during stress or myocardial ischemia, Plin5 deficiency resulted in myocardial reduced substrate availability, severely reduced heart function and increased mortality. Importantly, analysis of a human cohort with suspected coronary artery disease showed that a common noncoding polymorphism, rs884164, decreases the cardiac expression of PLIN5 and is associated with reduced heart function following myocardial ischemia, indicating a role for Plin5 in cardiac dysfunction. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that Plin5 deficiency alters cardiac lipid metabolism and associates with reduced survival following myocardial ischemia, suggesting that Plin5 plays a beneficial role in the heart following ischemia. (C) 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd.
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| 4. |
- Lind, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Obesity is associated with coronary artery stenosis independently of metabolic risk factors : the population-based SCAPIS study
- 2022
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Ingår i: Atherosclerosis. - : Elsevier. - 0021-9150 .- 1879-1484. ; 362, s. 1-10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and aims: Previous studies reported divergent results on whether metabolically healthy obesity is associated with increased coronary artery calcium and carotid plaques. We investigated this in a cross-sectional fashion in a large, well-defined, middle-aged population using coronary CT angiography (CCTA) and carotid ultrasound. Methods: In the SCAPIS study (50–65 years, 51% female), CCTA and carotid artery ultrasound were performed in 23,674 individuals without clinical atherosclerotic disease. These subjects were divided into six groups according to BMI (normal weight, overweight, obese) and the presence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) according to the NCEP consensus criteria. Results: The severity of coronary artery stenosis was increased in individuals with obesity without MetS compared to normal-weight individuals without MetS (OR 1.47, 95%CI 1.34–1.62; p < 0.0001), even after adjusting for non-HDL-cholesterol and several lifestyle factors. Such difference was not observed for the presence of carotid artery plaques (OR 0.94, 95%CI 0.87–1.02; p = 0.11). Obese or overweight individuals without any MetS criteria (except the waist criterion) showed significantly more pronounced stenosis in the coronary arteries as compared to the normal-weight individuals, while one criterion was needed to show increased plaque prevalence in the carotid arteries. High blood pressure was the most important single criterion for increased atherosclerosis in this respect. Conclusions: Individuals with obesity without MetS showed increased severity of coronary artery stenosis, but no increased occurrence of carotid artery plaques compared to normal-weight individuals without MetS, further emphasizing that obesity is not a benign condition even in the absence of MetS.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Boonstra, Wiebren Johannes, Dr. 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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Understanding and analysing the complex causality of conflicts over marine environments through process tracing
- 2023
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Ingår i: Maritime Studies. - : Springer Nature. - 1872-7859 .- 2212-9790. ; 22:2
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- As economic activity in marine environments accelerates and expands, conflicts may increase following increased demand over marine resources, unequal distribution of benefits, as well as fluctuating resource availability and quality due to climate change. Anticipation and resolution of these conflicts require understanding of the causal mechanisms through which they originate and persist. Process tracing is a promising social science method that allows producing this knowledge by sequentially ordering events that produce conflict. The aim of this paper is to introduce process tracing as a method for the study of conflicts over marine environments and to assess how the method so far is used in previous studies of conflicts over marine environments. Our review of these studies reveals that scholars of conflicts over marine environments tend to apply process tracing using a deductive approach and a probabilistic understanding of causal mechanisms. The causal mechanisms that are identified to understand the dynamics that drive conflicts over marine environments often include power dynamics between states, institutions, movements or communities. Less articulated is how local social dynamics drives conflicts and how scholars select their cases to represent a wider population of conflicts. We conclude that applying a micro-sociological approach, more attention to case selection, and the interaction between contexts and mechanisms are promising ways forward for further use of process tracing in maritime studies.
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| 7. |
- Ericson, Liselott, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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An Electric Hydraulic Hybrid Light Vehicle with Energy Recovery
- 2011
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Ingår i: 52nd National Conference on Fluid Power. - Las. - 0942220498 ; , s. 741-749
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A three wheeled electric hydraulic hybrid vehicle with tiltingbody was built and tested at Linköping University as a partof a student project. The goal of the student project wasto design and fabricate an environmentally friendly vehicleto enter the Formula ATA Electric & Hybrid Italy 2009 competition.The design of the vehicle was based on the rulesand requirements of the competition. The vehicle was alsoprepared for a hydraulic recovery system which was laterimplemented on the vehicle. Hydraulic motor/pump unitsare used to brake and recover energy and to provide additionalboost during acceleration. The energy recovery storageis hydraulic gas accumulators, while the primary propulsionsystem is electrical with Li-Fe batteries. Gas accumulatorshave very high power density superior to electricalbatteries.In this paper, the design of the hydraulic recovery system isdescribed along with simulation and experimental results.The concept shows high potential and the tests show a20 % recovery of the kinetic energy by the hydraulic systemfor a given cycle.
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| 8. |
- Eriksson, Björn, 1976-
(författare)
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In-line application of electric fields in capillary separation systems
- 2006
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The magnitude of an electric field possible to apply in a capillary separation system is limited, because a high electric field causes a too high current through the capillary. Application of the electric field in-line will give an increased conductivity in the column, further increasing the risk of too high currents. The conductivity changes were found to result from an overall increase in ionic strength within the electric field. The increase in ionic strength is caused by the increase in mobile phase ions with electrophoretic velocity against the flow, together with OH- or H3O+ ions (depending on polarity) formed at the inlet electrode. Further it was found that the use of a pressurized reservoir or splitting of the flow at the inlet electrode could significantly limit the conductivity changes and thereby the maximum applicable electric field strengths could be increased.
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| 9. |
- Eriksson, Elina, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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Addressing Students’ Eco-anxiety when Teaching Sustainability in Higher Education
- 2022
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Ingår i: Proceedings - 2022 International Conference on ICT for Sustainability, ICT4S 2022. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). ; , s. 88-98
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The widespread awareness and the sense of urgency and helplessness regarding the ongoing sustainability crisis (climate change, biodiversity loss etc.) can evoke feelings of grief, sorrow, despair and anxiety. Those emotions are seldom discussed in computing or in computing education. They can have detrimental effects on the well-being of students and others, and also lead to inaction. But concern can on the other hand also be a catalyst for learning. In this paper, we present results and reflections from a research and development project in our introductory course to sustainability and ICT focusing on emotions in sustainability education. We focus on “eco-anxiety” and ask: 1) How is eco-anxiety communicated by students and teachers?, 2) In what ways do students receive support to deal with eco-anxiety? and 3) What could be done to better address eco-anxiety in computing education? We here present an analysis of how we have responded to the phenomenon of eco-anxiety, what activities have been added to the course and an evaluation of these interventions. The results are based on joint reflections that have been guided by literature, a small-scale ethnographic study as well as a course evaluation. The paper will end with recommendations for other ICT4S educators on how they can start addressing eco-anxiety in their education.
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| 10. |
- Eriksson, Leif, 1970, et al.
(författare)
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ALOS PALSAR Calibration and Validation Results from Sweden
- 2007
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Ingår i: IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2007), Barcelona, Spain, July 23-27, 2007. ; DOI: 10.1109/IGARSS.2007.4423115, s. 1589-1592
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In 2006 calibration activities for ALOS PALSAR wereconducted in Sweden. Four five-metre trihedral corner reflectorsand three smaller dihedral reflectors were deployed and operatedduring eight months. 23 PALSAR scenes were acquired over thecalibration site allowing an evaluation of the quality and temporalstability of the data. Results show that the co-polarized datahave been stable during the whole calibration period with variationsin the trihedral responses lower than 0.7 dB. The measuredresolution in azimuth was 4.4 m and in slant range 4.7 m forsingle polarization images and 9.5 m for polarimetric data. Forthe cross-polarized data large variations in the dihedral responseswere found. It is assumed that this is caused by a larger sensitivityto pointing errors. For the polarimetric data, estimation ofFaraday rotation gave values ranging from 0.1º to 3º.
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