| 1. |
- Holmgren, Jessica, associate professor, senior lecturer
(författare)
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Conditions for relatives' involvement in nursing homes
- 2015
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The overall aim of this thesis was to describe and analyse how the involvement of relatives is conditioned in nursing homes from different critical perspectives. Gender perspectives, discourse analysis and intersectional theory are applied, based on social constructionist ontology. The thesis comprises three qualitative papers and data are based on ethnographically-focused fieldwork in three municipal nursing homes in the form of formal/informal interviews, participating observations and the analysis of documents.Based on gender perspectives, the routines and reasonings among nursing staff were studied and thematically analysed in relation to how these conditioned the involvement of relatives in the daily caring activities (I). In the second study (II), the nursing staff were interviewed in groups to describe, discursively analyse and identify the biopolitical meaning in the "involvement discourse" that was collectively constructed in the speech of the nursing staff concerning the involvement of relatives. In the last study (III), interviews with relatives were thematically analysed in the context of intersectional theory about their involvement in the nursing homes.The findings show that the conditions for relatives’ involvement were dynamic and constantly in re-negotiation, but also conservative and inflexible. This placed relatives in both privileged and unprivileged social positions in the nursing homes, which were relevant for their involvement. The relatives were considered to be "visitors", which conditioned the characteristics and levels of involvement in the care of the residents and was linked to gendered notions of the division of labor, both within the groups of relatives and between nursing staff and relatives (I). The involvement of relatives was conditioned by the biopolitics of an "involvement discourse" that prevailed in the nursing homes. This built upon family-oriented rhetorics and metaphors that upheld and legitimised notions about relatives. The relatives were considered to be members of the "old" family in relation to the "new" family represented by the nursing staff (II). The relatives described how they were positioned in a betweenship, squeezed between different competing social musts from the older family members, the nursing homes as institutions and the nursing staff (III).Inverting the prevailing picture of the involvement of relatives would make it possible to consider the nursing staff as pedagogical, professional and caring "visitors" in the nursing homes for the benefit of the residents and their relatives. This could be achieved through a constructive change management which emphasises the learning of nursing staff, their responsibility and the emotions of relatives, along with a focus on alternative notions of involvement, where relatives are included in the development of quality of care in Swedish nursing homes.
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| 2. |
- Lindblad, Henrik, 1964-
(författare)
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Kyrkliga kulturarv i en ny tid : Samlade studier och reflektioner
- 2023
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This study describes and analyses the Swedish ecclesiastical heritage as well as the structures and systems that provide conditions and frameworks for how it is perceived and managed. One purpose is to explain today’s situation concerning the 3,000 historic church buildings and sites protected by national heritage legislation and owned by the Church of Sweden. Furthermore, the study analyses how the approaches, paradigms or discourses, which define that ecclesiastical heritage, have changed over the past two centuries. The study aims to bridge the gaps between antiquarian, art history and conservation discourses, where churches are mainly seen as material historic objects and other discourses that regard churches as living heritage, intangible heritage, or as resources for human rights and sustainable development. The analyses are based on theories such as the concepts of Authorized Heritage Discourse, heritagisation, secularisation, and research methods as discourse analysis and self-reflexivity. The study defines and discusses the Church Antiquarian System, which includes the State-Church agreement, the Historic Environment Act and the State financial compensation. The analyses show that the system is based on a partly outdated conservation approach, with origins in an even older nineteenth-century antiquarian discourse, that is not consistent with the national heritage policy adopted by the Swedish parliament. Thus, it blocks a necessary development where many redundant churches could be revitalised as resources for society. The current approach, as well as the Church’s use of its heritage and history, contribute to a deliberately created positive image, avoiding dark or controversial heritage that illustrates abuse of groups of people such as “witches” in the seventeenth century. To achieve the desired development towards a holistic and inclusive approach to ecclesiastical heritage, several recommendations are given. These include identification of heritage discourses in heritage practices and policies, tolerance of many existing heritage approaches, a review and update of the Church Antiquarian System, and finally the need for developing the competence of heritage officers in the adapted reuse of heritage as a resource for sustainable societal development.
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| 3. |
- Andrén, Daniel, 1973-
(författare)
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On the Ising problem and some matrix operations
- 2007
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The first part of the dissertation concerns the Ising problem proposed to Ernst Ising by his supervisor Wilhelm Lenz in the early 20s. The Ising model, or perhaps more correctly the Lenz-Ising model, tries to capture the behaviour of phase transitions, i.e. how local rules of engagement can produce large scale behaviour. Two decades later Lars Onsager solved the Ising problem for the quadratic lattice without an outer field. Using his ideas solutions for other lattices in two dimensions have been constructed. We describe a method for calculating the Ising partition function for immense square grids, up to linear order 320 (i.e. 102400 vertices). In three dimensions however only a few results are known. One of the most important unanswered questions is at which temperature the Ising model has its phase transition. In this dissertation it is shown that an upper bound for the critical coupling Kc, the inverse absolute temperature, is 0.29 for the tree dimensional cubic lattice. To be able to get more information one has to use different statistical methods. We describe one sampling method that can use simple state generation like the Metropolis algorithm for large lattices. We also discuss how to reconstruct the entropy from the model, in order to obtain parameters as the free energy. The Ising model gives a partition function associated with all finite graphs. In this dissertation we show that a number of interesting graph invariants can be calculated from the coefficients of the Ising partition function. We also give some interesting observations about the partition function in general and show that there are, for any N, N non-isomorphic graphs with the same Ising partition function. The second part of the dissertation is about matrix operations. We consider the problem of multiplying them when the entries are elements in a finite semiring or in an additively finitely generated semiring. We describe a method that uses O(n3 / log n) arithmetic operations. We also consider the problem of reducing n x n matrices over a finite field of size q using O(n2 / logq n) row operations in the worst case.
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| 4. |
- Ekberg, Joakim, 1976-
(författare)
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Online health promoting communities : Design, implementation and formative evaluation of an intervention
- 2012
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In Sweden, obesity among children has not yet reached the epidemic proportions reported from other parts of the world. However, among adolescents, being overweight and self-consciousness regarding body shape, diet and exercise influence social, psychological and physical health. Obese children may be in need of secondary prevention because of adverse effects related to obesity, but it is less obvious exactly what to prevent in the rest of the population. General interventions to prevent overweight and obesity are problematic because of the lack of associations for general application; there is a need for personalized community-based health promotion. Online interventions are especially suitable considering the amount of time adolescents spend online.This thesis takes a design approach to interventions and describes the design of an online health promoting community as a path to health promotion among adolescents. The first two studies use data from the first 15 years of a 1991 cohort living in Östergötland to determine the predictability of obesity from childhood body mass index and to investigate interventions and available evidence to suggest appropriate interventions. The next two studies use these findings to design and formatively evaluate a health promotion intervention.In Study I we found reasons for offering population-based interventions systematically from 5 years of age. It would be worthwhile identifying at an early age those relatively few children with substantially increased risk of maintaining obesity in adulthood and offering them interventions; but interventions must be avoided when they are not necessary. The projections in Study II indicate that more specified interventions would benefit adolescents without increasing the costs. In Study III, we found than an online health promoting community can be designed simply at relatively low cost and can be negotiated to satisfy both the needs of the user community and public health goals and service capabilities. In Study IV, a checklist for pre-launch evaluation of online health promoting communities was developed and the most important result was the delicate balance between community autonomy and quality control. Future studies addressing health outcome constructs for use in online health promoting community evaluations are warranted.
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| 5. |
- Engström, Annica, 1967-
(författare)
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Dimmornas bro : En berättelse om konstruktionen och iscensättandet av kliniska adjunkter
- 2012
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This dissertation is a study of a relatively new teacher function in nurse education, a teacher function that can be called clinical teacher, link lecturer, link teacher or lecturer involved in practice. The study departs from a constructivist perspective and the aim is to study the introduction, performance and regulation of this teacher function. The material consists of internationally and nationally published research 1978-2009, reports from the authorities, job ads for clinical teachers, job descriptions and contracts, archive material, evaluation studies, professional journals, texts on the Internet and 15 interviews with clinical teachers in Sweden. Using discourse analysis this material is studied in terms of interpretive repertoires, subject positions and ideological dilemmas. The primary focus of this dissertation concerns what problems the new teacher function is supposed to solve, how the problem should be solved, the effects of the chosen solutions and what´s staged, challenged and reproduced. Secondly, this dissertation highlights what categories of teachers are required and in demand for the new teacher function, how the teachers themselves manage their function and how the teacher function is maintained and challenged. The analysis identifies and highlights current interpretive repertoire, teachers possible subject positions and ideological dilemmas and how they are governed and challenged in the teaching function.
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| 6. |
- Hammar, Karl, 1982-
(författare)
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Content Ontology Design Patterns: Qualities, Methods, and Tools
- 2017
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Ontologies are formal knowledge models that describe concepts and relationships and enable data integration, information search, and reasoning. Ontology Design Patterns (ODPs) are reusable solutions intended to simplify ontology development and support the use of semantic technologies by ontology engineers. ODPs document and package good modelling practices for reuse, ideally enabling inexperienced ontologists to construct high-quality ontologies. Although ODPs are already used for development, there are still remaining challenges that have not been addressed in the literature. These research gaps include a lack of knowledge about (1) which ODP features are important for ontology engineering, (2) less experienced developers' preferences and barriers for employing ODP tooling, and (3) the suitability of the eXtreme Design (XD) ODP usage methodology in non-academic contexts.This dissertation aims to close these gaps by combining quantitative and qualitative methods, primarily based on five ontology engineering projects involving inexperienced ontologists. A series of ontology engineering workshops and surveys provided data about developer preferences regarding ODP features, ODP usage methodology, and ODP tooling needs. Other data sources are ontologies and ODPs published on the web, which have been studied in detail. To evaluate tooling improvements, experimental approaches provide data from comparison of new tools and techniques against established alternatives.The analysis of the gathered data resulted in a set of measurable quality indicators that cover aspects of ODP documentation, formal representation or axiomatisation, and usage by ontologists. These indicators highlight quality trade-offs: for instance, between ODP Learnability and Reusability, or between Functional Suitability and Performance Efficiency. Furthermore, the results demonstrate a need for ODP tools that support three novel property specialisation strategies, and highlight the preference of inexperienced developers for template-based ODP instantiation---neither of which are supported in prior tooling. The studies also resulted in improvements to ODP search engines based on ODP-specific attributes. Finally, the analysis shows that XD should include guidance for the developer roles and responsibilities in ontology engineering projects, suggestions on how to reuse existing ontology resources, and approaches for adapting XD to project-specific contexts.
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| 7. |
- Hammar, Karl, 1982-
(författare)
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Towards an Ontology Design Pattern Quality Model
- 2013
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The use of semantic technologies and Semantic Web ontologies in particular have enabled many recent developments in information integration, search engines, and reasoning over formalised knowledge. Ontology Design Patterns have been proposed to be useful in simplifying the development of Semantic Web ontologies by codifying and reusing modelling best practices.This thesis investigates the quality of Ontology Design Patterns. The main contribution of the thesis is a theoretically grounded and partially empirically evaluated quality model for such patterns including a set of quality characteristics, indicators, measurement methods and recommendations. The quality model is based on established theory on information system quality, conceptual model quality, and ontology evaluation. It has been tested in a case study setting and in two experiments.The main findings of this thesis are that the quality of Ontology Design Patterns can be identified, formalised and measured, and furthermore, that these qualities interact in such a way that ontology engineers using patterns need to make tradeoffs regarding which qualities they wish to prioritise. The developed model may aid them in making these choices.This work has been supported by Jönköing University.
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| 8. |
- Ingmarsson, Magnus, 1975-
(författare)
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Creating & Enabling the Useful Service Discovery Experience : The Perfect Recommendation Does Not Exist
- 2013
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We are rapidly entering a world with an immense amount of services and devices available to humans and machines. This is a promising future, however there are at least two major challenges for using these services and devices: (1) they have to be found and (2) after being found, they have to be selected amongst. A significant difficulty lies in not only finding most available services, but presenting the most useful ones. In most cases, there may be too many found services and devices to select from.Service discovery needs to become more aimed towards humans and less towards machines. The service discovery challenge is especially prevalent in ubiquitous computing. In particular, service and device flux, human overloading, and service relevance are crucial. This thesis addresses the quality of use of services and devices, by introducing a sophisticated discovery model through the use of new layers in service discovery. This model allows use of services and devices when current automated service discovery and selection would be impractical by providing service suggestions based on user activities, domain knowledge, and world knowledge. To explore what happens when such a system is in place, a wizard of oz study was conducted in a command and control setting.To address service discovery in ubiquitous computing new layers and a test platform were developed together with a method for developing and evaluating service discovery systems. The first layer, which we call the Enhanced Traditional Layer (ETL), was studied by developing the ODEN system and including the ETL within it. ODEN extends the traditional, technical service discovery layer by introducing ontology-based semantics and reasoning engines. The second layer, the Relevant Service Discovery Layer, was explored by incorporating it into the MAGUBI system. MAGUBI addresses the human aspects in the challenge of relevant service discovery by employing common-sense models of user activities, domain knowledge, and world knowledge in combination with rule engines. The RESPONSORIA system provides a web-based evaluation platform with a desktop look and feel. This system explores service discovery in a service-oriented architecture setting. RESPONSORIA addresses a command and control scenario for rescue services where multiple actors and organizations work together at a municipal level. RESPONSORIA was the basis for the wizard of oz evaluation employing rescue services professionals. The result highlighted the importance of service naming and presentation to the user. Furthermore, there is disagreement among users regarding the optimal service recommendation, but the results indicated that good recommendations are valuable and the system can be seen as a partner.
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| 9. |
- Keskisärkkä, Robin, 1987-
(författare)
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Towards Semantically Enabled Complex Event Processing
- 2017
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The Semantic Web provides a framework for semantically annotating data on the web, and the Resource Description Framework (RDF) supports the integration of structured data represented in heterogeneous formats. Traditionally, the Semantic Web has focused primarily on more or less static data, but information on the web today is becoming increasingly dynamic. RDF Stream Processing (RSP) systems address this issue by adding support for streaming data and continuous query processing. To some extent, RSP systems can be used to perform complex event processing (CEP), where meaningful high-level events are generated based on low-level events from multiple sources; however, there are several challenges with respect to using RSP in this context. Event models designed to represent static event information lack several features required for CEP, and are typically not well suited for stream reasoning. The dynamic nature of streaming data also greatly complicates the development and validation of RSP queries. Therefore, reusing queries that have been prepared ahead of time is important to be able to support real-time decision-making. Additionally, there are limitations in existing RSP implementations in terms of both scalability and expressiveness, where some features required in CEP are not supported by any of the current systems. The goal of this thesis work has been to address some of these challenges and the main contributions of the thesis are: (1) an event model ontology targeted at supporting CEP; (2) a model for representing parameterized RSP queries as reusable templates; and (3) an architecture that allows RSP systems to be integrated for use in CEP. The proposed event model tackles issues specifically related to event modeling in CEP that have not been sufficiently covered by other event models, includes support for event encapsulation and event payloads, and can easily be extended to fit specific use-cases. The model for representing RSP query templates was designed as an extension to SPIN, a vocabulary that supports modeling of SPARQL queries as RDF. The extended model supports the current version of the RSP Query Language (RSP-QL) developed by the RDF Stream Processing Community Group, along with some of the most popular RSP query languages. Finally, the proposed architecture views RSP queries as individual event processing agents in a more general CEP framework. Additional event processing components can be integrated to provide support for operations that are not supported in RSP, or to provide more efficient processing for specific tasks. We demonstrate the architecture in implementations for scenarios related to traffic-incident monitoring, criminal-activity monitoring, and electronic healthcare monitoring.
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| 10. |
- Lee, Iwa, 1986-
(författare)
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Developmental neurotoxicity of persistent and non-persistent pollutants : Behavioral and neurochemical assessments of a perfluorinated compound, pesticides and interaction effects
- 2015
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The focus of this thesis was to investigate developmental neurotoxic effects of different persistent and non-persistent environmental pollutants, alone or in binary mixtures, when exposure occurs during a critical period of brain development, in mice. The compounds investigated included a perfluorinated compound, perfluorohexane sulphonate (PFHxS), and four different pesticides, endosulfan, cypermethrin, chlorpyrifos and carbaryl.Both persistent and non-persistent pollutants are detected in the environment and in humans, which shows that exposure to these compounds is occurring in real life. Humans can therefore be exposed to various pollutants during their whole lifetime, starting from the gestational period to adulthood. Furthermore, exposure to environmental pollutants is rarely exclusive to a single compound, but rather occurs through combinations of various pollutants present in the environment. Exposure to environmental pollutants during human brain development have been suggested to be a possible cause for neuropsychiatric disorders, such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Previous studies have shown that chemicals can induce irreversible disorders in brain function when exposure to these chemicals occurs during a critical defined period of the brain development known as the brain growth spurt (BGS). The BGS is characterized by a rapid growth and development of the immature brain. In humans, and mice, this period also overlaps the lactation period indicating that newborns and toddlers can be exposed via mothers’ milk as well.This thesis has shown that a single oral exposure to PFHxS, endosulfan, cypermethrin, chlorpyrifos or carbaryl can induce developmental neurotoxic effects in mice, when exposure occurs during a critical period of brain development. These effects are manifested as persistent altered adult spontaneous behavior in a novel home environment, modified habituation, altered susceptibility of the cholinergic system and changed levels of neuroproteins in the mouse brain. Furthermore, a single neonatal co-exposure to a binary mixture of carbaryl/chlorpyrifos or PFHxS/endosulfan can interact and exacerbate the adult behavioral effects. These effects were seen at dosages were the single compound did not elicit a response or induced a much weaker behavioral effect. This indicates that risk assessments conducted on single compounds might underestimate interaction effects of mixtures when co-exposed.
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