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| 2. |
- Eriksson, Birgitta, et al.
(författare)
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TREFF-projektet
- 1986
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Rapport (refereegranskat)
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Zackrisson, Björn, et al.
(författare)
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Two-year results from a Swedish study on conventional versus accelerated radiotherapy in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma - The ARTSCAN study
- 2011
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Ingår i: Radiotherapy and Oncology. - : Elsevier. - 0167-8140 .- 1879-0887. ; 100:1, s. 41-48
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and purpose: Studies on accelerated fractionation (AF) in head and neck cancer have shown increased local control and survival compared with conventional fractionation (CF), while others have been non-conclusive. In 1998 a national Swedish group decided to perform a randomised controlled clinical study of AF. Materials and methods: Patients with verified squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity, oropharynx, larynx (except glottic T1-T2, N0) and hypopharynx were included. Patients with prior chemotherapy or surgery were excluded. Patients were randomised to either CF (2Gy/day, 5days/week for 7 weeks, total dose 68Gy) or to AF (1.1Gy+2.0Gy/day, 5days/week for 4.5weeks, total dose 68Gy). An extensive quality assurance protocol was followed throughout the study. The primary end point was loco-regional tumour control (LRC) at two years after treatment. RESULTS: The study was closed in 2006 when 750 patients had been randomised. Eighty-three percent of the patients had stages III-IV disease. Forty eight percent had oropharyngeal, 21% laryngeal, 17% hypopharyngeal and 14% oral cancers. There were no significant differences regarding overall survival (OS) or LRC between the two regimens. The OS at two years was 68% for AF and 67% for CF. The corresponding figures for LRC were 71% and 67%, respectively. There was a trend towards improved LRC for oral cancers treated (p=0.07) and for large tumours (T3-T4) (p=0.07) treated with AF. The AF group had significantly worse acute reactions, while there was no significant increase in late effects. Conclusion: Overall the AF regimen did not prove to be more efficacious than CF. However, the trend towards improved results in AF for oral cancers needs to be further investigated.
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| 5. |
- Axin, Mikael, 1984-, et al.
(författare)
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Dynamic Analysis of Single Pump, Flow Controlled Mobile Systems
- 2011
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Ingår i: The Twelfth Scandinavian International Conference on Fluid Power, SICFP'11. - 9789521525193 ; , s. 223-238
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Interest has increased in flow controlled systems in the field of mobile fluid power. The capital distinction between traditional load-sensing (LS) systems and flow controlled systems is that the pump is controlled based on the operator’s total flow demand rather than maintaining a certain pressure margin over the maximum load pressure. One of the main advantages of flow controlled systems is the absence of the feedback of the highest load pressure to the pump controller. In this paper, a dynamic analysis is performed where flow controlled and LS systems are compared. It is shown how instability can occur in LS systems due to the pump controller and proven that no such instability properties are present in flow controlled systems. A drawback with one type of flow controlled system is that the highest load dynamically will disturb the lighter loads. This paper shows a novel way to optimize the damping in such systems by controlling the opening position of the directional valve independently of the flow. The mentioned disturbance between the highest load to the others can thereby be reduced.
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| 6. |
- Axin, Mikael, 1984-, et al.
(författare)
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Energy Efficient Load Adapting System Without Load Sensing : Design and Evaluation
- 2009
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In load sensing systems, the pump pressure is controlled in a closed loop control mode. In this paper, a system solution where the displacement of the pump is controlled directly from the operator's demand is studied. Both the stability and the response is thereby improved. It also implies a better energy efficiency since the pump pressure will be adapted according to the point of operation with no additional pressure margin needed. In some mobile applications, pressure compensation is required to avoid load interference. When using common pre compensators in a displacement controlled system, the pump and the valve will both control the flow. A better solution would be to control the flow by the pump and utilize the valve as a flow divider. This can be achieved by using flow sharing compensators. It also allows further energy savings since the maximum restriction area of the main spool at one of the loads can be utilized independent of the flow delivered by the pump. This paper addresses the problem with using common pre compensators in displacement controlled systems and analyses and compares both a traditional load sensing system and an open controlled pump solution with flow sharing compensators. Measurements on a wheel loader application equipped with the system presented in this paper shows a decreased energy consumption of 14 % for the working hydraulics compared to a load sensing system during a short loading cycle, provided that the pump is not saturated.
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| 7. |
- Björn, Eriksson, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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Energy saving system utilizing LQ-technique design
- 2009
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Fluid Power Transmission and Control. - Beijing : Beijing World Publishing Corporation. ; , s. 224-229
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper deals with the control of individual metering systems. This paper deals with the control of an individual metering system that could be used for reducing metering losses by enabling recuperation and regeneration operation. A system that utilizes individual metering is more flexible than a conventional system since there are more control signals and thereby more outputs to control. Energy saving aspects is among the main reasons for the research on this kind of system, but there is also an opportunity of improvements of the dynamics compared to a conventional system. In this paper an approach with LQtechnique are presented for improvements of system dynamics. Since all states in the system can not be measured a state observer is also considered in the control design. These work present simulations, implementations in a real world forwarder application and results from verifying experiments.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- De Frenne, Pieter, et al.
(författare)
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Latitudinal gradients as natural laboratories to infer species' responses to temperature
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Ecology. - : Wiley. - 0022-0477 .- 1365-2745. ; 101:3, s. 784-795
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Macroclimatic variation along latitudinal gradients provides an excellent natural laboratory to investigate the role of temperature and the potential impacts of climate warming on terrestrial organisms. Here, we review the use of latitudinal gradients for ecological climate change research, in comparison with altitudinal gradients and experimental warming, and illustrate their use and caveats with a meta-analysis of latitudinal intraspecific variation in important life-history traits of vascular plants. We first provide an overview of latitudinal patterns in temperature and other abiotic and biotic environmental variables in terrestrial ecosystems. We then assess the latitudinal intraspecific variation present in five key life-history traits [plant height, specific leaf area (SLA), foliar nitrogen:phosphorus (N:P) stoichiometry, seed mass and root:shoot (R:S) ratio] in natural populations or common garden experiments across a total of 98 plant species. Intraspecific leaf N:P ratio and seed mass significantly decreased with latitude in natural populations. Conversely, the plant height decreased and SLA increased significantly with latitude of population origin in common garden experiments. However, less than a third of the investigated latitudinal transect studies also formally disentangled the effects of temperature from other environmental drivers which potentially hampers the translation from latitudinal effects into a temperature signal. Synthesis. Latitudinal gradients provide a methodological set-up to overcome the drawbacks of other observational and experimental warming methods. Our synthesis indicates that many life-history traits of plants vary with latitude but the translation of latitudinal clines into responses to temperature is a crucial step. Therefore, especially adaptive differentiation of populations and confounding environmental factors other than temperature need to be considered. More generally, integrated approaches of observational studies along temperature gradients, experimental methods and common garden experiments increasingly emerge as the way forward to further our understanding of species and community responses to climate warming.
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| 10. |
- De Frenne, Pieter, et al.
(författare)
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Microclimate moderates plant responses to macroclimate warming
- 2013
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 110:46, s. 18561-18565
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent global warming is acting across marine, freshwater, and terrestrial ecosystems to favor species adapted to warmer conditions and/or reduce the abundance of cold-adapted organisms (i.e., thermophilization of communities). Lack of community responses to increased temperature, however, has also been reported for several taxa and regions, suggesting that climatic lags may be frequent. Here we show that microclimatic effects brought about by forest canopy closure can buffer biotic responses to macroclimate warming, thus explaining an apparent climatic lag. Using data from 1,409 vegetation plots in European and North American temperate forests, each surveyed at least twice over an interval of 12-67 y, we document significant thermophilization of ground-layer plant communities. These changes reflect concurrent declines in species adapted to cooler conditions and increases in species adapted to warmer conditions. However, thermophilization, particularly the increase of warm-adapted species, is attenuated in forests whose canopies have become denser, probably reflecting cooler growing-season ground temperatures via increased shading. As standing stocks of trees have increased in many temperate forests in recent decades, local microclimatic effects may commonly be moderating the impacts of macroclimate warming on forest understories. Conversely, increases in harvesting woody biomass-e.g., for bioenergy-may open forest canopies and accelerate thermophilization of temperate forest biodiversity.
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