| 1. |
- Locke, Adam E, et al.
(författare)
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Genetic studies of body mass index yield new insights for obesity biology.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 518:7538, s. 197-401
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Obesity is heritable and predisposes to many diseases. To understand the genetic basis of obesity better, here we conduct a genome-wide association study and Metabochip meta-analysis of body mass index (BMI), a measure commonly used to define obesity and assess adiposity, in up to 339,224 individuals. This analysis identifies 97 BMI-associated loci (P < 5 × 10(-8)), 56 of which are novel. Five loci demonstrate clear evidence of several independent association signals, and many loci have significant effects on other metabolic phenotypes. The 97 loci account for ∼2.7% of BMI variation, and genome-wide estimates suggest that common variation accounts for >20% of BMI variation. Pathway analyses provide strong support for a role of the central nervous system in obesity susceptibility and implicate new genes and pathways, including those related to synaptic function, glutamate signalling, insulin secretion/action, energy metabolism, lipid biology and adipogenesis.
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| 2. |
- Lundqvist, Jennie Mari, et al.
(författare)
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A Phenomenographic Analysis Of Students’ Experience Of Geological Time
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Astronomy & Earth Sciences Education (JAESE). - : Clute Institute. - 2374-6254 .- 2374-6246. ; 8:1, s. 1-26
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Geological time is by many geoscience instructors considered a threshold concept for geoscience students, being acentral concept for how we experience geosceince phenomena that takes place on a spatio-temporal scale rangingfrom micro (e.g. cloud formation) to macro (e.g. plate tectonics). If one wishes to understand geoscience phenomenathat goes beyond human perception, one must move from the concrete toward the abstract—from experiencing aphenomenon with one’s senses toward an experience of the phenomenon that is based on an mind construct; we referto such competency as disciplinary spatio-temporal competency (DSTC). The purpose of this study is to gain anunderstanding of how first-year students in a geoscience program in Sweden experience and represent thephenomenon of geological time, i.e. to capture their DSTC. Analyazing data from three semi-structured groupinterviews using a phenomenographic approach revealed how the students express geological time through theirlanguage, their gestures, and their visualizations. From the result in this study, including four qualitatively differentthemes, or categories of description, it is possible to conclude that the students' way of expressing geological timegive rise to exciting interpretations and we believe that these expressions can provide information also about howstudents experience (and learn about) geological time. We report that through students’ illustrations and discussions,students experience geological time as something more than a static one-dimensional straight line. The data analysisshows that students connect geological time with spatio-temporal aspects from various geosientific phenomena, oneexample of such an dynamic description of geological time is “One simply fills it with more information” indicatingthat the students experience geological time as two-dimensional (space and time).
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| 3. |
- Ried, Janina S., et al.
(författare)
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A principal component meta-analysis on multiple anthropometric traits identifies novel loci for body shape
- 2016
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Large consortia have revealed hundreds of genetic loci associated with anthropometric traits, one trait at a time. We examined whether genetic variants affect body shape as a composite phenotype that is represented by a combination of anthropometric traits. We developed an approach that calculates averaged PCs (AvPCs) representing body shape derived from six anthropometric traits (body mass index, height, weight, waist and hip circumference, waist-to-hip ratio). The first four AvPCs explain >99% of the variability, are heritable, and associate with cardiometabolic outcomes. We performed genome-wide association analyses for each body shape composite phenotype across 65 studies and meta-analysed summary statistics. We identify six novel loci: LEMD2 and CD47 for AvPC1, RPS6KA5/C14orf159 and GANAB for AvPC3, and ARL15 and ANP32 for AvPC4. Our findings highlight the value of using multiple traits to define complex phenotypes for discovery, which are not captured by single-trait analyses, and may shed light onto new pathways.
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| 4. |
- Shungin, Dmitry, et al.
(författare)
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New genetic loci link adipose and insulin biology to body fat distribution.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 518:7538, s. 187-378
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Body fat distribution is a heritable trait and a well-established predictor of adverse metabolic outcomes, independent of overall adiposity. To increase our understanding of the genetic basis of body fat distribution and its molecular links to cardiometabolic traits, here we conduct genome-wide association meta-analyses of traits related to waist and hip circumferences in up to 224,459 individuals. We identify 49 loci (33 new) associated with waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for body mass index (BMI), and an additional 19 loci newly associated with related waist and hip circumference measures (P < 5 × 10(-8)). In total, 20 of the 49 waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for BMI loci show significant sexual dimorphism, 19 of which display a stronger effect in women. The identified loci were enriched for genes expressed in adipose tissue and for putative regulatory elements in adipocytes. Pathway analyses implicated adipogenesis, angiogenesis, transcriptional regulation and insulin resistance as processes affecting fat distribution, providing insight into potential pathophysiological mechanisms.
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| 5. |
- Andersson Schaeffer, Jennie, 1974-
(författare)
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Communication space : Spatial design in manufacturing industry
- 2011
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The main concern of this licentiate thesis is to discuss how built space is used for communication in the manufacturing industry, from a visual communication perspective. The thesis presents and develops the notion of 'communication space' and presents a model to describe the relation between different factors in the communication space. In a multiple case study, six different cases from the manufacturing industry are described and analyzed to highlight how built space is used for communication in a lean production context. Research results on how built spaces such as improvement places, meeting places and a development workshop affect improvement processes and communication are presented. What the studied improvement areas, meeting places and workshop can be said to communicate about the improvement processes is analyzed. The research results show that the built spaces in manufacturing industry are used for communication on two levels, both as places for interaction between employees and as a part of a communication process. The study also shows a relation between architecture from a specific time and the relation to the improvement work in the industrial context. How the results can be used to facilitate communication in the built spaces used for improvement processes in manufacturing industry is suggested in the thesis.
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| 6. |
- Andersson Schaeffer, Jennie, 1974-
(författare)
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Spaces for innovation
- 2014
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Workspace design, as an enabling factor in innovation, is an emerging topic for innovation and design research. However, little research has been done on users’ experience on workspaces for innovation in a manufacturing industrial context. The aim of the dissertation is to develop knowledge and understanding of workspaces for innovation from a user perspective.The dissertation is based on studies done in four manufacturing industries and in one design and innovation consultancy, with a focus on the employees' experience of the physical space in relation to innovation. The research method used was the photo elicitation interview. The 31 participants made photographs that served as a basis for verbal interviews to communicate the relationship they experienced between their workspace and innovation. The analysis and the interpretation of the material, supported by information, cultural and phenomenological theoretical perspectives, intend to contribute to the current scientific discourse in innovation and design.A pattern was found in the results. In the manufacturing industrial companies, the majority of workspaces that users described as supporting or hindering innovation were motifs showing aculture promoting innovation in small steps. Their examples were found to be in close similarity to what previous research describe as characteristics of exploitative innovation. In the design company, the most photographed motifs were workspaces and objects that supported different variations of what previousresearch defines as characteristics for a culture supporting radical, explorative innovation.The dissertation presents results contributing to the research on ambidexterity, with focus on a possible coexistence between different innovation cultures. The results indicate that spatial differentiation creates possibilities for coexistence between the two innovation cultures. Six spatial characteristics were found in the descriptions of the workspaces related to the marginalised explorative culture in the manufacturing companies.The dissertation discusses the possibilities of creating spaces for explorative innovation (SEIs) and space as a tool for innovation. An initial version of a support for design is presented.
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| 7. |
- Andersson Schaeffer, Jennie, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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Spaces for Innovation : A Photo-elicitated Study in Three Companies from Manufacturing Industry and the Design Firm IDEO
- 2014
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Ingår i: The International Journal of Design Education. - 2325-128X. ; 7:3, s. 49-62
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The possibility that physical space can support or disturb processes for innovation in production systems is overlooked in the manufacturing industry and in research. This article rests on three studies in manufacturing industries and one in a design firm, with a focus on the employees' subjective experience of the physical space in relation to innovation. The employees made photographs and used keywords (followed up with verbal interviews) to communicate the relationship they perceived between physical space and innovation. The study shows that there is a relationship between company culture and the individual’s choices of physical spaces understood to support or hinder innovation. From the results, it can be concluded, that manufacturing companies which were studied form cultures that produce few spaces that support divergent thinking, while such spaces are prioritized in the design firm. This article show clean and orderly spaces for innovation in the manufacturing industry; for the design company, informal, collaborative, and visually simulative environments.
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| 8. |
- Andersson Schaeffer, Jennie, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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The emergence of socio-material assemblages in a university, company, and municipality collaboration
- 2018
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the European Conference on e-Learning, ECEL. - : Academic Conferences Limited. - 9781912764075 ; , s. 506-512
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper we report on an attempt to let students, companies, and organisations themselves discover the kinds of technologies that could be useful when co-producing knowledge in a Master’s-level course in innovation and design. Traditionally, and for various good reasons such as security and stability, universities have had certain online tools and systems for collaboration, while companies and municipalities have had others. These systems support internal communication within organisations but do not necessarily enhance communication with external contacts. This use of different systems creates barriers to the iterative, recurring, convenient, non-hierarchical, and open online collaboration needed in an innovative design process involving multiple stakeholders. During a ten-week Master’s-level course in innovation and design in 2016 and 2017 the 38 students divided into five project groups established contact with five companies and organisations and could choose their own online tools in dialogue with them. This paper presents the students’ and organisations’ emerging practices during the process based on observations and reflective evaluations conducted during and after the course. The results are discussed in light of how socio-material assemblages formed in this special setting and how the results might be used to improve the teaching of online literacy in design collaboration. The result indicates that for co-production of knowledge in innovation and design projects, three new social media literacies would be useful: meta communication, peak performance, and design awareness.
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| 9. |
- Andersson Schaeffer, Jennie, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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Tool complexes of innovation: : Spaces for explorative innovation in four manufacturing industrial companies
- 2014
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Ingår i: DRS 2014, Design´s big debates. - Umeå. ; , s. 663-676
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Providing an environment in which both radical innovation and continuous improvement can exist, i.e. an ambidextrous environment, is one of the biggest challenges management faces. While having an ambidextrous organisation is of central importance to the competitive advantage of a firm, there is limited understanding of how to manage it.In this article, we are reporting on our research on the design of workspaces and the relations between design and ambidexterity in innovation. We studied the workspaces as artefacts in innovation cultures. We analysed relations between users and spaces that could enable an explorative innovation culture to emerge, and found spaces related to explorative innovation that coexisted with an exploitative innovation culture in production in the manufacturing industry.The results indicate that to develop ambidexterity on an individual level in a culture dominated by exploitative innovation, one strategy is spatial differentiation. The result shows that artefacts relating to a culture for explorative innovation in the studied manufacturing companies are artefacts in a marginalised culture. We present six spatial characteristics for artefacts in the marginalised culture: undercover spaces, grey zone spaces, satellite spaces, chameleon spaces, temporal spaces and accession spaces.
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| 10. |
- Anund, Anna, 1964-, et al.
(författare)
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Utvärderingsmodell för ITS-baserade system vid hållplats : kunskapsöversikt och förslag på forskningsbehov
- 2015
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Det finns nya produkter av typen varningssystem som syftar till att öka säkerhet och trygghet för oskyddade trafikanter. De har ofta tagits fram med särskilt fokus på barn. Produktutvecklarna har utvärderat sina produkter med positiva resultat och intresset hos Trafikverket och kommuner är stort för flera av dessa produkter. En typ av system är utmärkning vid hållplatser där blinkande ljus aktiveras när det finns oskyddade trafikanter i närheten, ett så kallat ITS-baserat varningssystem. Det finns idag ett antal platser i landet där sådana anläggningar är i bruk som ”försök” och det har skett utvärderingar av valda system vid hållplats som visat att systemen sannolikt är effektiva när det gäller att reducera hastigheten hos förbipasserande. Det finns dock en avsaknad av ett samlat utvärderingsupplägg. Avsaknaden av systematisk utvärdering har bidragit till bristen på formella beslut för att integrera denna typ av produkt i Vägar och Gators Utformning, VGU eller i Trafiklagstiftningen. I Trafikverkets region Stockholm har man utifrån resenärernas behov och i samarbete med kommunerna kring glesbygdsproblematik, särskilt intresse i att dessa produkter blir möjliga att använda. En förutsättning för detta är en systematisk utvärdering med avseende på om ett specifikt system fyller den funktion som det var avsett att fylla.
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