| 1. |
- Di Gennaro, Antonio, et al.
(författare)
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Increased expression of leukotriene C-4 synthase and predominant formation of cysteinyl-leukotrienes in human abdominal aortic aneurysm
- 2010
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 107:49, s. 21093-21097
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Leukotrienes (LTs) are arachidonic acid-derived lipid mediators involved in the pathogenesis and progression of diverse inflammatory disorders. The cysteinyl-leukotrienes LTC4, LTD4, and LTE4 are important mediators of asthma, and LTB4 has recently been implicated in atherosclerosis. Here we report that mRNA levels for the three key enzymes/proteins in the biosynthesis of cysteinyl-leukotrienes, 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO), 5-LO-activating protein (FLAP), and LTC4 synthase (LTC4S), are significantly increased in the wall of human abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs). In contrast, mRNA levels of LTA(4) hydrolase, the enzyme responsible for the biosynthesis of LTB4, are not increased. Immunohistochemical staining of AAA wall revealed focal expression of 5-LO, FLAP, and LTC4S proteins in the media and adventitia, localized in areas rich in inflammatory cells, including macrophages, neutrophils, and mast cells. Human AAA wall tissue converts arachidonic acid and the unstable epoxide LTA(4) into significant amounts of cysteinyl-leukotrienes and to a lesser extent LTB4. Furthermore, challenge of AAA wall tissue with exogenous LTD4 increases the release of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 2 and 9, and selective inhibition of the CysLT1 receptor by montelukast blocks this effect. The increased expression of LTC4S, together with the predominant formation of cysteinyl-leukotrienes and effects on MMPs production, suggests a mechanism by which LTs may promote matrix degradation in the AAA wall and identify the components of the cysteinyl-leukotriene pathway as potential targets for prevention and treatment of AAA.
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| 2. |
- Eriksson, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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Kristider
- 2023
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Ingår i: Snabbtänkt och eftertänkt: En vänbok till Lars Nord. - 9789189786400 ; 53, s. 28-29
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Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 3. |
- Eriksson, Mattias, et al.
(författare)
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Quantification of food waste in public catering services : A case study from a Swedish municipality
- 2017
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Ingår i: Waste Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0956-053X .- 1879-2456. ; 61, s. 415-422
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Food waste is a major problem that must be reduced in order to achieve a sustainable food supply chain. Since food waste valorisation measures, like energy recovery, have limited possibilities to fully recover the resources invested in food production, there is a need to prevent food waste. Prevention is most important at the end of the value chain, where the largest number of sub-processes have already taken place and occur in vain if the food is not used for its intended purpose, i.e. consumption. Catering facilities and households are at the very end of the food supply chain, and in Sweden the public catering sector serves a large number of meals through municipal organisations, including schools, preschools and elderly care homes. Since the first step in waste reduction is to establish a baseline measurement in order to identify problems, this study sought to quantify food waste in schools, preschools and elderly care homes in one municipality in Sweden. The quantification was conducted during three months, spread out over three semesters, and was performed in all 30 public kitchen units in the municipality of Sala. The kitchen staff used kitchen scales to quantify the mass of wasted and served food divided into serving waste (with sub-categories), plate waste and other food waste. The food waste level was quantified as 75 g of food waste per portion served, or 23% of the mass of food served. However, there was great variation between kitchens, with the waste level ranging from 33 g waste per portion served (13%) to 131 g waste per portion served (34%). Wasted food consisted of 64% serving waste, 33% plate waste and 3% other food waste. Preschools had a lower waste level than schools, possibly due to preschool carers eating together with the children. Kitchens that received warm food prepared in another kitchen (satellite kitchens) had a 42% higher waste level than kitchens preparing all food themselves (production units), possibly due to the latter having higher flexibility in cooking the right amount of food and being able to chill and save surplus food. The large variation between kitchens indicates that they have different causes of food waste, but also different opportunities to reduce it. Detailed waste quantification for each kitchen can therefore be the first step in the process of waste reduction.
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| 4. |
- Eriksson, Mattias, et al.
(författare)
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The tree structure : A general framework for food waste quantification in food services
- 2018
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Ingår i: Resources, Conservation and Recycling. - : Elsevier BV. - 0921-3449 .- 1879-0658. ; 130, s. 140-151
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Food waste in the food services industry has been identified as an important unsustainability hotspot, but standardised methods for food waste quantification are lacking. Existing studies on waste quantity assessments have several limitations, such as short and infrequent quantifications times, large methodological variations ranging from physical measurements to visual observations, and lack of comparability across catering unit types. Since lack of comparable waste figures can lead to error-prone analysis, a general framework is needed for waste quantification in food services. This paper presents one such framework that allows data comparisons when overlapping observations are included. The framework was tested in six case studies in professional (public and private) catering units in Sweden. Data were collected from different schools, elderly care homes and hotels and fitted into the framework. The results from these case studies indicate that the framework enables catering units to focus waste quantification on their individual problem areas. It also provides the possibility to extend waste quantification over time without any loss of generalisability. A graphical representation of the framework fits the traditional tree structure and was found to act as a suitable foundation for food waste quantification in food services by structuring collected data. In order to fully utilise the potential of the tree structure, it should be supplemented with precise definitions to create a catering food waste quantification standard.
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| 5. |
- Locke, Adam E, et al.
(författare)
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Genetic studies of body mass index yield new insights for obesity biology.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 518:7538, s. 197-401
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Obesity is heritable and predisposes to many diseases. To understand the genetic basis of obesity better, here we conduct a genome-wide association study and Metabochip meta-analysis of body mass index (BMI), a measure commonly used to define obesity and assess adiposity, in up to 339,224 individuals. This analysis identifies 97 BMI-associated loci (P < 5 × 10(-8)), 56 of which are novel. Five loci demonstrate clear evidence of several independent association signals, and many loci have significant effects on other metabolic phenotypes. The 97 loci account for ∼2.7% of BMI variation, and genome-wide estimates suggest that common variation accounts for >20% of BMI variation. Pathway analyses provide strong support for a role of the central nervous system in obesity susceptibility and implicate new genes and pathways, including those related to synaptic function, glutamate signalling, insulin secretion/action, energy metabolism, lipid biology and adipogenesis.
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| 6. |
- Ahlford, Katrin, et al.
(författare)
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Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation of Ketones Catalyzed by Amino Acid Derived Rhodium Complexes : On the Origin of Enantioselectivity and Enantioswitchability
- 2009
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Ingår i: Chemistry - A European Journal. - : Wiley. - 0947-6539 .- 1521-3765. ; 15:42, s. 11197-11209
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Amino acid based thioamides, hydroxamic acids, and hydrazides have been evaluated as ligands in the rhodium-catalyzed asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of ketones in 2-propanol. Catalysts containing thioamide ligands derived from L-valine were found to selectively generate the product with an R configuration (95 % ee), whereas the corresponding L-valine-based hydroxamic acids or hydrazides facilitated the formation of the (S)-alcohols (97 and 91 % ee, respectively). The catalytic reduction was examined by performing a structure–activity correlation investigation with differently functionalized or substituted ligands and the results obtained indicate that the major difference between the thioamide and hydroxamic acid based catalysts is the coordination mode of the ligands. Kinetic experiments were performed and the rate constants for the reduction reactions were determined by using rhodium–arene catalysts derived from amino acid thioamide and hydroxamic acid ligands. The data obtained show that the thioamide-based catalyst systems demonstrate a pseudo-first-order dependence on the substrate, whereas pseudo-zero-order dependence was observed for the hydroxamic acid containing catalysts. Furthermore, the kinetic experiments revealed that the rate-limiting steps of the two catalytic systems differ. From the data obtained in the structure–activity correlation investigation and along with the kinetic investigation it was concluded that the enantioswitchable nature of the catalysts studied originates from different ligand coordination, which affects the rate-limiting step of the catalytic reduction reaction.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Ahlgren-Berg, Alexandra, et al.
(författare)
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A comparative analysis of the bifunctional Cox proteins of two heteroimmune P2-like phages with different host integration sites
- 2009
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Ingår i: Virology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0042-6822 .- 1096-0341. ; 385:2, s. 303-12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Cox protein of the coliphage P2 is multifunctional; it acts as a transcriptional repressor of the Pc promoter, as a transcriptional activator of the P(LL) promoter of satellite phage P4, and as a directionality factor for site-specific recombination. The Cox proteins constitute a unique group of directionality factors since they couple the developmental switch with the integration or excision of the phage genome. In this work, the DNA binding characteristics of the Cox protein of WPhi, a P2-related phage, are compared with those of P2 Cox. P2 Cox has been shown to recognize a 9 bp sequence, repeated at least 6 times in different targets. In contrast to P2 Cox, WPhi Cox binds with a strong affinity to the early control region that contains an imperfect direct repeat of 12 nucleotides. The removal of one of the repeats has drastic effects on the capacity of WPhi to bind to the Pe-Pc region. Again in contrast to P2 Cox, WPhi Cox has a lower affinity to attP compared to the Pe-Pc region, and a repeat of 9 bp can be found that has 5 bp in common with the repeat in the Pe-Pc region. WPhi Cox, however, is essential for excisive recombination in vitro. WPhi Cox, like P2 Cox, binds cooperatively with integrase to attP. Both Cox proteins induce a strong bend in their DNA targets upon binding.
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| 10. |
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