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| 2. |
- Bohlin, Erland, et al.
(författare)
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Unikt skolmuseum i Örebro hotat
- 2014
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Ingår i: Dagens Nyheter. - Stockholm : Bonnier. - 1101-2447. ; :10 september, s. Kultur 24-
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 3. |
- Erland, Susanne, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of lime and ash treatments on ectomycorrhizal infection of Pinus sylvestris L. Seedlings planted in a pine forest
- 1991
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0282-7581 .- 1651-1891. ; 6:4, s. 519-526
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Plots in a 40-yr-old Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) stand in S. Sweden were treated with 5 tons tonnes? lime/ha, 7.5 tons wood-ash/ha, or left untreated. One-yr-old P. sylvestris seedlings were planted in each of the plots in early June, 12 months after ash treatment and 18 months after lime treatment. The pH of the limed, ash treated and untreated plots were 5.2, 6.4 and 3.8, respectively. Four months later 6 different ectomycorrhizal types had infected the seedlings in all the treatments. A mycorrhizal type designated 'pink' was more than twice as common in the lime treatments as in the control and ash treatments. Piloderma croceum was significantly more abundant in limed soil than in ash treated soil. The results were compared with those from a previously published bioassay performed in the laboratory, where P. sylvestris seedlings had been grown in soil from the same forest. Similar soil Ph values in the 2 studies resulted in different relative infection rates of the mycorrhizal types found. All but one mycorrhizal type, designated 'white', were found in the laboratory experiment. This difference suggests that mycelial connections to the mature host plants may significantly alter the ability of different fungi to colonize host plant roots in competition with each other in comparison with situations in which the fungi infect from propagules in the soil.
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| 4. |
- Erland, Susanne, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of liming on ectomycorrhizal fungi infecting Pinus sylvestris L .1. Mycorrhizal infection in limed humus in the laboratory and isolation of fungi from mycorrhizal roots
- 1990
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Ingår i: New Phytologist. - 1469-8137. ; 115:4, s. 675-682
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pinus sylvestris L. seedlings were grown in the laboratory in a forest humus which had been treated with different levels of CaO to give a soil pH gradient from 4 to 7. After 12 and 15 wk the resulting ectomycorrhizal infection was classified according to macroscopical morphology. The uniformity of the infection types distinguished was evaluated by isolating the fungi from the root tips and infecting seedlings with the isolates obtained. The isolation method was improved by using a medium containing benomyl and chlortetracyclin and by isolating from very small particles. For some mycorrhizal types the fungus was successfully isolated from 80% of the plated root particles. The number of root tips that became mycorrhizal increased from 70% at pH 4 to nearly 100% around pH 5. Thereafter it decreased linearly to reach a minimum of slightly less than 40% at pH 7.5. Five different mycorrhizal types could be distinguished. They occurred with different abundance, distribution and pH optima. They were present throughout the entire pH range, except for a yellow type, identified as Piloderma croceum Erikss. & Hjortst., which was not found at values higher than 6.2. There was no great differences between infections on plants harvested after 12 and 15 wk. Seedling growth was constant to pH 5 then it increased up to about pH 7, at higher pH values growth declined.
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| 5. |
- Erland, Susanne, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of liming on ectomycorrhizal fungi infecting Pinus sylvestris L. 2. Growth-rates in pure culture at different ph values compared to growth-rates in symbiosis with the host plant
- 1990
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Ingår i: New Phytologist. - 1469-8137. ; 115:4, s. 683-688
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Growth rates of ectomycorrhizal fungi were measured in pure culture at pH 3-8 on MMN-agar and sterilized peat, with and without nutrients added. Mycorrhizas were synthesized with Pinus sylvestris L. seedlings and the growth rate of the external mycelium was measured in peat at pH 3.8 and 7.3. The fungi were three isolates of Piloderma croceum Erikss. & Hjorts., two isolates of an unidentified (pink) mycorrhizal type and one isolate of another unidentified (white long) mycorrhizal type, all isolated from P. sylvestris roots. All three fungi showed much higher (2-5 times) growth rates when grown as symbionts than when grown in pure culture. The P. croceum isolates also grew as symbionts at pH 7.3, where no growth occurred in pure culture. These findings emphasize the danger of generalizing from data obtained in pure culture studies to explain what may happen when fungi grow in symbiosis with host plants. Generally, growth rates in pure culture were higher and the pH tolerance levels were wider on agar than on peat. The exceptions were one P. croceum isolate, which had the fastest pure culture growth rate on peat with MMN, and the pink isolates, which grew at higher pH on peat than on agar. There were no significant differences between growth on peat with and without MMN.
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| 6. |
- Erland, Susanne, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of liming on ectomycorrhizal fungi infecting Pinus-sylvestris L. 3. Saprophytic growth and host plant infection at different ph values in unsterile humus
- 1991
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Ingår i: New Phytologist. - 1469-8137. ; 117:3, s. 405-411
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Five ectomycorrhizal fungi were studied in relation to the effects of applications of lime and wood ash to the growth substrate. Growth and survival of inoculated fungi in unsterile humus and relative root colonization frequency by inoculated and indigenous ectomycorrhizal fungi were measured. Growth of the fungi was tested in Petri dish systems with humus taken from a field site treated with lime and wood ash. The infection potential of the fungi was tested by introducing Pinus sylvestris L. seedlings into the growth systems. Paxillus involutus (Fr.) Fr. was the only fungus affected both by the pH increase, and by the different treatments applied, in all aspects of its ecology tested (growth and survival in humus, infection potential and competitive ability). No other fungus grew saprophytically, but they showed the similar changes in infection potential in response to pH whether lime or ash had been used.
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| 9. |
- Erland, Susanne, et al.
(författare)
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The effects of liming on mycelial colonization and carbon allocation in ectomycorrhizal mycelia attached to Pinus silvestris plants
- 1990
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Ingår i: Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment. - 1873-2305. ; 28:1-4, s. 111-114
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effects of liming on ectomycorrhizal mycelial colonization and carbon allocation were assessed using Pinus silvestris plants grown in association with an ectomycorrhizal fungus. Plants were placed in perspex growth chambers divided by a central partition so that soils of different pH could be used on either side of the chambers. Differences between the growth form and growth rates of the fungi and allocation of plant assimilate were determined at different pH values.
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| 10. |
- Erland, Susanne, et al.
(författare)
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The influence of substrate pH on carbon translocation in ectomycorrhizal and nonmycorrhizal pine-seedlings
- 1991
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Ingår i: New Phytologist. - 1469-8137. ; 119:2, s. 235-242
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effects of changed substrate pH on translocation and partitioning of C-14-labelled plant assimilates were examined in laboratory microcosms containing mycorrhizal (unidentified fungal isolate 'Pink FMT 87:2') and non-mycorrhizal seedlings of Pinus sylvestris L. and Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. The mycorrhizal plants had intact mycelial systems at different developmental stages, and microcosms contained non-sterile peat (pH 3.8) or peat adjusted to different pH values with CaO. In systems with mycorrhizal mycelium which had just started to colonize the peat no significant differences in C-14 assimilation were found, either with respect to substrate pH or mycorrhizal status of the plant. Loss of activity from the mycorrhizal plants was more rapid, however, probably mainly as a result of increased respiration from the infected root systems. After 8 wk growth in peat at pH 3.8 and 5.2 shoot weights of all seedlings were the same, whereas non-mycorrhizal plants had root systems twice the size of the mycorrhizal ones. In plants with well developed extramatrical mycelia translocation of labelled carbon to the mycelium growing at pH 3.8 was faster than that to mycelium growing at pH 5.2. After 4 d incubation, however, the percentage of the originally supplied carbon present in the mycelium was 5 % regardless of substrate pH. Activity found in the peat surrounding non-mycorrhizal plants rarely exceeded 0.3 %.
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