| 1. |
- Ideland, Malin, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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”En hemlig skola röjer det orimliga"
- 2020
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Ingår i: Svenska Dagbladet. - Stockholm : Svenska Dagbladet. - 1101-2412. ; :2020-08-30
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Det är affärslogiken som styr när statistik om skolor och betyg nu ska sekretessbeläggas. Samtidigt visar detta hemlighetsmakeri tydligt att friskolan blivit norm och att andra värden felaktigt får stå tillbaka, skriver forskare.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Larsson, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Novel Processes for Architectural Optimisation of Building Materials Performance: Introducing Material Phase Transitions and Generative Life Cycle Assessments
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Conventional phase diagrams plot differences in properties (e.g. volume) of a medium generated by changes in external conditions (e.g. temperature and/or pressure). This paper discusses how the logic of such diagrams can be applied to produce a new type of surface plot, material phase transition (MPT) diagrams, that chart not the conditions for chemical equilibrium but the relative benefits of a particular material system given a set of predefined objectives and a virtual search space of design solutions. Such diagrams can form an integral part of parametric design processes that use ‘auxiliary loads’ (e.g. LCA values) as variables to generate design iterations. A Grasshopper user object is created and used to design a box beam that yields a set of auxiliary loads charts and MPT diagrams. The anatomy of MPT diagrams is described, and areas for future studies discussed.
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| 4. |
- Larsson, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Sliding Sidewinders: Early-Stage Design of an Anticipatory Adaptive Assemblage
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This quantitative/qualitative evaluation of meta-heuristic design processes being implemented in a real-life architecture project introduces the theoretical concept of anticipatory adaptive assemblages (AAA) and reports on tactics that were used to reduce the ‘curse of dimensionality’ associated with the mechanisms that produce such assemblages. It describes strategies to adopt ‘presilient’ methods to constrain a model’s design space before any evolutionary solving occurs, leverage the advantage in fenestration performance presumed to arise from explorations of non-periodic tessellations of the plane, and use benchmark models to optimise some material aspects of wall sections. These tactics all support a materiality-based approach to designing architecture using genetic algorithms. The experiments were designed in an attempt to begin to close the knowledge gap between on the one hand the existing praxis of LCA-based analyses, on the other simulations that use material properties to directly inform geometries associated with particular combinations of (for instance) site, weather, and material data. The hypothesis is that AAA’s can become an effective framework for design-based adaptation to site conditions and mitigation of climate change. The objectives of the study are a) to implicitly and qualitatively describe the trials and tribulations a commercial adaptation of alternative design processes may cause, while b) explicitly and quantitatively report on the results of the experiments, and how they relate to AAAs. After an introduction of the AAA concept, three design experiments are described and their outcomes analysed, followed by a concluding discussion including suggestions for future studies.
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| 5. |
- Andersson, Catrin, et al.
(författare)
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Att organisera marknader : slutrapport från ett forskningsprogram
- 2015
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Forskningsprogrammet ”Att organisera marknader” har drivits vid Stockholms centrum för forskning om offentlig sektor (Score) och finansierats av Riksbankens Jubileumsfond. I denna bok redovisar vi några resultat från programmet. Boken bygger på ett stort antal böcker och artiklar vilka anges i slutet av boken. En fullständig förteckning av alla de publikationer som programmet hittills gett upphov till finns att tillgå på rj.se. Denna bok har flera författare förutom undertecknad: Susanna Alexius, Catrin Andersson, Patrik Aspers, Christina Garsten, Magnus Erlandsson, Kristoffer Strandqvist, Göran Sundström och Kristina Tamm Hallström. Samtliga är verksamma som forskare vid Score.
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| 6. |
- Andersson, Catrin, et al.
(författare)
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Marknadsstaten
- 2014
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Ingår i: Alla dessa marknader. - : Makadam Förlag. - 9789170611421 ; , s. 37-50
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I den här artikeln tar vi utgångspunkt i en omfattande kartläggning av de myndigheter som vi menar har som huvuduppgift att påverka marknader. Vi är intresserade av vad dessa myndigheter gör till vardags, inom ramen för den mer övergripande marknadsregleringen i form av konkurrenslagar, avtalslagar, konsumentköplagar och så vidare. Det ska sägas att vi inte har synat den påverkan som myndigheter har på marknader genom att själva vara (ibland dominerande) säljare eller köpare på olika marknader. Vidare intresserar vi oss endast för myndigheter vars verksamhet på ett mer direkt sätt riktas mot marknader. För varje myndighet har vi ställt tio marknadsrelaterade frågor. Svaren har vi funnit i offentligt material – som myndigheternas instruktioner, regleringsbrev, årsredovisningar, rapporter och webbsidor. Det sammanställda materialet omfattar över 300 sidor. Nedan analyserar vi svaren på några av våra mer centrala frågor.
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| 7. |
- Andersson, Catrin, et al.
(författare)
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Marknadsstaten : om vad den svenska staten gör med marknaderna - och marknaderna med staten
- 2017
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Under de senaste decennierna har många verksamheter förts över från stat och kommun till företag som agerar på marknader. Men den svenska staten är fortfarande djupt engagerad i marknaderna. Den har utvecklat en särskild marknadspolitik och en fjärdedel av de statliga myndigheterna har som huvuduppgift att organisera marknader. Samtidigt är marknadspolitiken abstrakt och svårfångad, och myndigheterna arbetar främst med mjuka och otydliga påverkansmetoder. Trots alla insatser finns det en utbredd tro på att marknader fungerar bäst om de lämnas ifred. Statens politik ger utrymme för andra att utöva makt. Genom djupstudier av olika marknader åskådliggör boken hur myndigheterna samarbetar med säljarna och hur säljarna får en stark position. Boken riktar sig till alla som är intresserade av den moderna statens omvandling: lärare och forskare vid universitet och högskolor, politiker, tjänstemän i stat och näringsliv och den samhällsintresserade medborgaren.
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| 8. |
- Andersson, Catrin, et al.
(författare)
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Marknadsstaten
- 2014
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Ingår i: Alla dessa marknader. - Göteborg : Makadam Förlag. - 9789170611421 ; , s. 37-50
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 9. |
- Anton, Nicholas, et al.
(författare)
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AXIAL TURBINE DESIGN FOR A TWIN-TURBINE HEAVY-DUTY TURBOCHARGER CONCEPT
- 2018
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Ingår i: PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO. - : ASME Press. - 9780791851005
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the process of evaluating a parallel twin-turbine pulse-turbocharged concept, the results considering the turbine operation clearly pointed towards an axial type of turbine. The radial turbine design first analyzed was seen to suffer from sub-optimum values of flow coefficient, stage loading and blade speed-ratio. Modifying the radial turbine by both assessing the influence of "trim" and inlet tip diameter all concluded that this type of turbine is limited for the concept. Mainly, the turbine stage was experiencing high values of flow coefficient, requiring a more high flowing type of turbine. Therefore, an axial turbine stage could be feasible as this type of turbine can handle significantly higher flow rates very efficiently. Also, the design spectrum is broader as the shape of the turbine blades is not restricted by a radially fibred geometry as in the radial turbine case. In this paper, a single stage axial turbine design is presented. As most turbocharger concepts for automotive and heavy-duty applications are dominated by radial turbines, the axial turbine is an interesting option to be evaluated for pulse charged concepts. Values of crank-angle-resolved turbine and flow parameters from engine simulations are used as input to the design and subsequent analysis. The data provides a valuable insight into the fluctuating turbine operating conditions and is a necessity for matching a pulse-turbocharged system. Starting on a 1D-basis, the design process is followed through, resulting in a fully defined 3D-geometry. The 3D-design is evaluated both with respect to FEA and CFD as to confirm high performance and durability. Turbine maps were used as input to the engine simulation in order to assess this design with respect to "on-engine" conditions and to engine performance. The axial design shows clear advantages with regards to turbine parameters, efficiency and tip speed levels compared to a reference radial design. Improvement in turbine efficiency enhanced the engine performance significantly. The study concludes that the proposed single stage axial turbine stage design is viable for a pulse-turbocharged six cylinder heavy-duty engine. Taking into account both turbine performance and durability aspects, validation in engine simulations, a highly efficient engine with a practical and realizable turbocharger concept resulted.
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| 10. |
- Anton, Nicholas
(författare)
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Engine Optimized Turbine Design
- 2019
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The focus on our environment has never been as great as it is today. The impact of global warming and emissions from combustion processes become increasingly more evident with growing concerns among the world’s inhabitants. The consequences of extreme weather events, rising sea levels, urban air quality, etc. create a desperate need for immediate action. A major contributor to the cause of these effects is the transportation sector, a sector that relies heavily on the internal combustion engine and fossil fuels. The heavy-duty segment of the transportation sector is a major consumer of oil and is responsible for a large proportion of emissions.The global community has agreed on multiple levels to reduce the effect of man-made emissions into the atmosphere. Legislation for future reductions and, ultimately, a totally fossil-free society is on the agenda for many industrialized countries and an increasing number of emerging economies.Improvements of the internal combustion engine will be of importance in order to effectively reduce emissions from the transportation sector both presently and in the future. The primary focus of these improvements is undoubtedly in the field of engine efficiency. The gas exchange system is of major importance in this respect. The inlet and exhaust flows as the cylinder is emptied and filled will significantly influence the pumping work of the engine. At the center of the gas exchange system is the turbocharger. The turbine stage of the turbocharger can utilize the energy in the exhaust flow by expanding the exhaust gases in order to power the compressor stage of the turbocharger.If turbocharger components can operate at high efficiency, it is possible to achieve high engine efficiency and low fuel consumption. Low exhaust pressure during the exhaust stroke combined with high pressure at the induction stroke results in favorable pumping work. For the process to work, a systems-based approach is required as the turbocharger is only one component of the engine and gas exchange system.In this thesis, the implications of turbocharger turbine stage design with regards to exhaust energy utilization have been extensively studied. Emphasis has been placed on the turbine stage in a systems context with regards to engine performance and the influence of exhaust system components.The most commonly used turbine stage in turbochargers, the radial turbine, is associated with inherent limitations in the context of exhaust energy utilization. Primarily, turbine stage design constraints result in low efficiency in the pulsating exhaust flow, which impairs the gas exchange process. Gas stand and numerical evaluation of the common twin scroll radial turbine stage highlighted low efficiency levels at high loadings. For a pulse-turbocharged engine with low exhaust manifold volume, the majority of extracted work by the turbine will occur at high loadings, far from the optimum efficiency point for radial turbines. In order for the relevant conditions to be assessed with regards to turbine operation, the entire exhaust pulse must be considered in detail. Averaged conditions will not capture the variability in energy content of the exhaust pulse important for exhaust energy utilization.Modification of the radial turbine stage design in order to improve performance is very difficult to achieve. Typical re-sizing with modifying tip diameter and trim are not adequate for altering turbine operation into high efficiency regions at the energetic exhaust pulse peak.The axial turbine type is an alternative as a turbocharger turbine stage for a pulse-turbocharged engine. The axial turbine stage design can allow for high utilization of exhaust energy with minimal pressure interference in the gas exchange process; a combination which has been shown to result in engine efficiency improvements compared to state-of-the-art radial turbine stages.
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