| 1. |
- Collin, Malin, et al.
(författare)
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Salivary biomarkers in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis and healthy age-matched controls : a prospective observational study.
- 2022
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Nature. - 2045-2322. ; 12:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Monitoring the immune system's regulation and signaling using saliva could be of interest for clinicians and researchers. Saliva, a biofluid with close exchange with serum, is influenced by circadian variance and oral factors such as masticatory function. This study investigated the detectability and concentration of cytokines and chemokines in saliva in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) as well as saliva flow and the influence of orofacial pain on saliva flow. Of the 60 participants (7-14 years old) enrolled, 30 had a diagnosis of JIA and active disease, and 30 were sex- and age-matched healthy controls. Demographic data and three validated questions regarding presence of orofacial pain and dysfunction were recorded. Stimulated whole saliva was collected and analyzed using a customized R&D bead-based immunoassay with 21 targeted biomarkers. Fourteen of these were detectable and showed similar levels in both children with JIA and controls: TNF-alpha, TNFRSF1B, MMP-2, MMP-3, IL-1alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6R alpha, IL-8, S100A8, CCL2, CCL3, IL-10, CCL11, and CXCL9. In addition, there was no difference in salivary flow rate between groups, but there was an association between orofacial pain and reduced saliva flow rate for both groups.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Protocol id: 2010/2089-31/2.
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| 2. |
- Barjandi, Golnaz, et al.
(författare)
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Comorbid Conditions in Temporomandibular Disorders Myalgia and Myofascial Pain Compared to Fibromyalgia
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Medicine. - : MDPI. - 2077-0383. ; 10:14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The impact of comorbidities in fibromyalgia (FM) and temporomandibular disorders (TMD) have been well documented, but whether TMD sub-diagnoses myalgia (MYA) and myofascial pain with referral (MFP) differ regarding comorbidity is unclear. We aimed to elucidate this by studying the presence and associations of comorbidities in FM, MFP and MYA. An extended version of the Diagnostic Criteria for TMD axis II questionnaire was used to examine demographics, pain and comorbidities in 81 patients with FM, 80 with MYA, and 81 with MFP. Patients with MFP and FM reported a higher percentage of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), depression, anxiety, somatic symptoms, perceived stress, and insomnia compared to MYA. Patients with FM had more IBS, depression, and somatic symptom disorder versus MFP. After adjusting for confounding variables, participants with anxiety, somatic symptoms disorder, pain catastrophizing, and perceived stress, as well as a greater number of comorbidities, were more likely to have MFP than MYA, whereas FM participants were more associated with IBS, somatic symptoms and insomnia compared to MFP. The number of comorbidities was significantly associated with widespread pain but not pain duration, body mass index or being on sick leave. In conclusion, patients with MFP were more similar to those with FM regarding comorbidity and should be differentiated from MYA in clinical settings and pain management.
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| 3. |
- Barjandi, Golnaz, et al.
(författare)
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Plasma tryptophan and kynurenine in females with temporomandibular disorders and fibromyalgia-An exploratory pilot study.
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Oral Rehabilitation. - : Wiley. - 1365-2842 .- 0305-182X. ; 47:2, s. 150-157
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Both temporomandibular disorders myalgia (TMDM) and fibromyalgia (FM) have been linked to central and peripheral changes in serotonin availability. The precursor of serotonin, tryptophan (TRP), is mainly catabolised via another pathway to produce kynurenine (KYN), but whether changes of this pathway are present in TMDM and FM are still unclear.OBJECTIVE: The aim was to explore blood plasma concentrations of TRP and KYN in TMDM and FM in an attempt to identify novel associations for future research.METHODS: Plasma of 113 female participants (17 TMDM, 40 FM and 56 healthy pain-free controls) were analysed for TRP and KYN concentrations. The degradation of TRP via the KYN pathway was indicated by the KYN to TRP ratio (KYN/TRP). Pain intensities were assessed with the Graded Chronic Pain Scale (GCPS) and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Psychological symptoms were evaluated using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and General Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD-7).RESULTS: In TMDM there was a negative correlation between TRP and pain intensity (rs = -0.55 P = .023) and positive correlations between KYN/TRP and pain intensity (rs = 0.59 P = .013). In FM, KYN/TRP was negatively correlated with anxiety symptoms (rs = -0.36 P = .022) and a trend towards significantly lower TRP levels was found compared to controls (P = .05).CONCLUSION: The association between KYN/TRP and pain intensity as well as anxiety ratings in this small exploratory study may indicate that KYN/TRP could be a relevant indicator for symptom severity in TMDM and FM. Further investigations of the KYN pathway in chronic myalgia are warranted.
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| 4. |
- Castrillon, Eduardo, et al.
(författare)
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ACIDIC SALINE-INDUCED PAIN AS A MODEL FOR EXPERIMENTAL MASSETER MYALGIA IN HEALTHY SUBJECTS : PRELIMINARY RESULTS
- 2010
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Ingår i: Abstracts of the 13th World Congress of Pain. - : IASP (International Association for the Study of Pain and Omnipress).
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Repeated intramuscular injections of acidic saline in rats are reported to induce a chronic type of muscle sensitization without causing significant tissue damage in this model two repeated injections of acidic saline (pH 4) into the gastrocnemius muscle produce short-lasting pain, but allodynia that lasts for 4 week with pain spread to the contralateral side. This may indicate that central sensitization occurs and this model is thus believed to more accurately mimic chronic myalgia. Our aim was to find out if repeated injection of buffered acidic saline into the masseter muscle causes pain and hyperalgesia and if so this would be a valid experimental model for orofacial myalgia / myofascial TMD in humans. Twenty healthy and pain-free subjects (10 male + 10 female: 25.1 ± 0.9 years) were included. Pain levels were assessed on a 0-10 numerical rating scale (NRS) and pressure pain thresholds (PPTs) were recorded using an electronic pressure algometer. The subjects received a unilateral intramuscular injection (0.5 ml) of acidic saline (pH 3) or placebo (isotonic saline, pH 6) into the masseter muscle (randomized and double-blind). Two days thereafter the injection was repeated with the same substance. Pain was assessed 5 min before the injection and at 5, 15, 30, 45 min, 1, 3, 24 hours after both injections and then at 4 and 7 days after the second injection and PPTs at 5, 15, 30, 45 min, 1 hrs after both injections and at 1, 4 and 7 days after the second injection. The experiment was repeated with the other substance after at least one week. There was no difference between substances in NRS pain scores after the injections. One way ANOVA indicated a time effect but no substance effect on PPTs. These preliminary results do not support acidic saline injections as a valid pain model for experimental masseter myalgia in healthy subjects.
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| 5. |
- Castrillon, Eduardo E, et al.
(författare)
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Acidic saline-induced pain as a model for experimental masseter myalgia in healthy subjects
- 2013
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Ingår i: European Journal of Pain. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1090-3801 .- 1532-2149. ; 17:10, s. 1438-1446
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Repeated injection of acidic saline into skeletal muscles of the leg in rodents induces a prolonged bilateral mechanical hyperalgesia that persists for up to 30 days and may be useful to model widespread muscle pain conditions. In this study, repeated injection of acidic (pH 3.3) saline solution into the masseter muscle of healthy human subjects was undertaken to determine if these injections are painful and whether they would induce a prolonged period of muscle sensitization to artificial and/or natural mechanical stimulation of the masseter and temporalis muscles. METHODS: Eighteen subjects (10 male, 8 female) participated in the study. Subjects received two injections of 0.5 mL acidic or regular isotonic saline 2 days apart, in a randomized, double blind, crossover design. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in pain intensity ratings when acidic saline injections were compared with regular saline injections. Pain area drawings were, however, significantly larger in response to the first injection of acidic saline than to the second injection of acidic saline or to either the first or second injection of regular saline. Repeated injection of acidic saline did not significantly alter pressure pain thresholds from the masseter or temporalis muscles on either the injected side or the opposite side over the 10-day post injection monitoring period. There was also no effect of injections on chewing. CONCLUSION: These findings indicate that, unlike in some rodent models, repeated injection of low pH solutions into jaw muscles of humans fails to induce a period of prolonged muscle hyperalgesia.
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| 6. |
- Christidis, Nikolaos, et al.
(författare)
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Comparison of the Levels of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines Released in the Vastus Lateralis Muscle of Patients with Fibromyalgia and Healthy Controls during Contractions of the Quadriceps Muscle – A Microdialysis Study
- 2015
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Ingår i: PLoS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 10:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Fibromyalgia is associated with central hyperexcitability, but it is suggested that peripheral input is important to maintain central hyperexcitability. The primary aim was to investigate the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines released in the vastus lateralis muscle during repetitive dynamic contractions of the quadriceps muscle in patients with fibromyalgia and healthy controls. Secondarily, to investigate if the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines were correlated with pain or fatigue during these repetitive dynamic contractions. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 32 women with fibromyalgia and 32 healthy women (controls) participated in a 4 hour microdialysis session, to sample IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF from the most painful point of the vastus lateralis muscle before, during and after 20 minutes of repeated dynamic contractions. Pain (visual analogue scale; 0-100) and fatigue Borg's Rating of Perceived Exertion Scale; 6-20) were assessed before and during the entire microdialysis session. RESULTS: The repetitive dynamic contractions increased pain in the patients with fibromyalgia (P < .001) and induced fatigue in both groups (P < .001). Perceived fatigue was significantly higher among patients with fibromyalgia than controls (P < .001). The levels of IL-1β did not change during contractions in either group. The levels of TNF did not change during contractions in patients with fibromyalgia, but increased in controls (P < .001) and were significantly higher compared to patients with fibromyalgia (P = .033). The levels of IL-6 and IL-8 increased in both groups alike during and after contractions (P's < .001). There were no correlations between pain or fatigue and cytokine levels after contractions. CONCLUSION: There were no differences between patients with fibromyalgia and controls in release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and no correlations between levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and pain or fatigue. Thus, this study indicates that IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF do not seem to play an important role in maintenance of muscle pain in fibromyalgia.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Dawson, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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ASSESSMENT OF PROPRIOCEPTIVE ALLODYNIA AFTER TOOTH CLENCHING
- 2010
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Ingår i: Abstracts of the 13th World Congress of Pain. - : IASP (International Association for the Study of Pain and Omnipress).
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Eccentric muscle exercise can induce delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS). It is known that vibratory stimulus is an effective method to stimulate mechanoreceptors and that 80-Hz vibratory stimulus increases pain in an eccentric exercised muscle (Weerakkody et al. 2001). Lund (1994) suggested that bruxism is related to DOMS. This study evaluates the effects of experimental tooth clenching on vibrotactile and pressure sensitivity in healthy females. Methods: Sixteen healthy females (mean age 32 ± 10) participated in this study, which comprised three sessions. In each session participants were randomly assigned to a tooth clenching exercise, with a clenching level of 10%, 20%, or 40% of maximal voluntary clenching (MVC). The first day of each session, patients did six bouts of tooth clenching exercises, each bout lasting 5 minutes during 1 hour. Registrations were made at baseline, after each bout of tooth clenching (short perspective), and after 24 and 48 hours. A Vibrameter®was used to measure the vibration threshold (VT). A fixed vibratory stimulus (100 Hz, 399.99-μm amplitude) was applied for 15 s and the perceived intensity of vibration (PIV) and perceived discomfort (PD) were rated on 0-50-100 scales (0 = no sensation; 50 = pain threshold/discomfort; 100 = worst imaginable pain/worst imaginable discomfort). An electronic algometer was used to measure pressure pain thresholds (PPT). A 0-10 visual analogue scale (VAS) measured pain intensity (VP) and fatigue (VF). All registrations were made on the central and most prominent part of the right masseter muscle. Results: No main effects of contraction level was observed for VT (P=0.184) or PIV (P=0.628), but there were significant time effects (P<0.001; P<0.05) with significant increases in VT at 30, 40, 50 and 60 min (Dunnett: P<0.05) and significant increase in PIV at 40 min compared to baseline (Dunnett: P<0.05). There were no main effects of contraction level (P=0.524) or time (P=0.705) for PD. For PPT there was no effect of contraction (P=0.819) but a significant time effect (P<0.01) with decreases at 50 and 60 min compared to baseline (Dunnett: P<0.05). Main effects of contraction level and time were observed for VP and VF (both P<0.001). VP and VF were significantly increased at 40% MVC, and at 10-60 min and at 24 h follow-up. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that tooth clenching alters VT only in the short term perspective. Tooth clenching at different levels is associated with moderate levels of pain and fatigue and changes in PPT. The effect on PIV and PD was small, thus suggesting that tooth clenching is not directly related to DOMS.
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| 9. |
- Dawson, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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Assessment of proprioceptive allodynia after tooth clenching exercises
- 2010
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Bruxism is suggested to be a risk factor of temporomandibular disorders and a contributing factor to delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS). Assessments of proprioceptive allodynia—a phenomenon that occurs in muscles with DOMS—could indicate whether bruxism leads to DOMS. This study evaluated whether experimental tooth clenching leads to DOMS. Sixteen healthy females (mean age 32 ± 10 years) participated in three 60-min sessions with 15-min follow-ups at 24 and 48 h. Participants were randomly assigned tooth clenching exercises with clenching levels of 10%, 20%, or 40% of maximal voluntary clenching (MVC). A Vibrameter® measured perceived intensity of vibration (PIV) and perceived discomfort (PD), which were assessed on 0–50–100 numeric rating scales. An electronic algometer measured pressure pain thresholds (PPT). A 0–100-mm visual analogue scale measured pain intensity (VASpain) and fatigue (VASfatigue). Measurements were made on the right masseter muscle. Clenching level had no main effect on PIV and time effects (p < 0.05) were only observed at 40 min (Dunnet: p < 0.01). Clenching level and time had no effect on PD. Only time effects were significant for PPT (p < 0.01) with reductions at 50 and 60 min compared to baseline (Dunnett: p’s < 0.05). Clenching level and time had main effects for VASpain and VASfatigue (p < 0.001). We conclude that experimental tooth clenching at various levels is not related to DOMS—since no signs of proprioceptive allodynia were observed—but to a development of moderate levels of pain and fatigue and reduced PPT.
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| 10. |
- Dawson, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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Development of a quality-assessment tool for experimental bruxism studies : reliability and validity
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Orofacial Pain. - : Quintessence. - 1064-6655 .- 1945-3396. ; 27:2, s. 111-122
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIMS: To combine empirical evidence and expert opinion in a formal consensus method in order to develop a quality-assessment tool for experimental bruxism studies in systematic reviews. METHODS: Tool development comprised five steps: (1) preliminary decisions, (2) item generation, (3) face-validity assessment, (4) reliability and discriminitive validity assessment, and (5) instrument refinement. The kappa value and phi-coefficient were calculated to assess inter-observer reliability and discriminative ability, respectively. RESULTS: Following preliminary decisions and a literature review, a list of 52 items to be considered for inclusion in the tool was compiled. Eleven experts were invited to join a Delphi panel and 10 accepted. Four Delphi rounds reduced the preliminary tool-Quality-Assessment Tool for Experimental Bruxism Studies (Qu-ATEBS)- to 8 items: study aim, study sample, control condition or group, study design, experimental bruxism task, statistics, interpretation of results, and conflict of interest statement. Consensus among the Delphi panelists yielded good face validity. Inter-observer reliability was acceptable (k = 0.77). Discriminative validity was excellent (phi coefficient 1.0; P < .01). During refinement, 1 item (no. 8) was removed. CONCLUSION: Qu-ATEBS, the seven-item evidence-based quality assessment tool developed here for use in systematic reviews of experimental bruxism studies, exhibits face validity, excellent discriminative validity, and acceptable inter-observer reliability. Development of quality assessment tools for many other topics in the orofacial pain literature is needed and may follow the described procedure.
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