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- Abdollahzadeh, Makan, et al.
(författare)
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A semi-vectorization algorithm to synthesis of gravitational anomaly quantities on the Earth's surface
- 2009
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Earth’s gravitational potential can be expressed by the well-known spherical harmonic expansion. The computationaltime of summing up this expansion is an important practical issue which can be reduced by an efficientnumerical algorithm. This paper proposes such a method for block-wise synthesizing the anomaly quantities onthe Earth surface using vectorization.Fully-vectorization means transformation of the summations to the simple matrix and vector products. It is not apractical for the matrices with large dimensions. Here a semi-vectorization algorithm is proposed to avoid workingwith large vectors and matrices. It speeds up the computations by using one loop for the summation either ondegrees or on orders. The former is a good option to synthesize the anomaly quantities on the Earth surfaceconsidering a digital elevation model (DEM). This approach is more efficient than the two-step method whichcomputes the quantities on the reference ellipsoid and continues them upward to the Earth surface. The algorithmhas been coded in MATLAB which synthesizes a global grid of 50 x 50 (corresponding 9 million points) of gravityanomaly or geoid height using a geopotential model to degree 360 in 10000 seconds by an ordinary computer with2G RAM.
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| 6. |
- Eshagh, Mehdi, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Perturbations in orbital elements of a low earth orbiting satellite
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of the Earth and Space Physics. - : Institute of Geophysics, Tehran. - 1025-8647. ; 33:1, s. 1-12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The main point of this paper is to evaluate the perturbations in orbital elements of a low Earth orbiting satellite. The outcome of a numerical orbit integration process is the position and velocity vectors of satellite in an inertial coordinate system. The velocity and position vectors are converted into the corresponding orbital elements. Perturbations in a satellite motion affect the orbital elements in the sense of Keplerian motion. In this paper after introducing the perturbing forces acting on a satellite, the method of converting the position and velocity into the orbital elements is presented, and finally the perturbations in orbital elements of the low Earth orbiting satellite of CHAMP are evaluated. The numerical results show that, disregarding the geopotential perturbing forces, the air drag is the most predominant among other perturbing forces: rotational deformation, solar radiation, third body effect, solid Earth tide, ocean tide, and general relativity arranged by their magnitude respectively.
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| 7. |
- Eshagh, Mehdi, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Simplification of geopotential perturbing force acting on a satellite
- 2008
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Ingår i: Artificial Satellites. - Warsaw : Versita. - 0208-841X .- 2083-6104. ; 43:2, s. 45-64
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- One of the aspects of geopotential models is orbit integration of satellites. The geopotential acceleration has the largest influence on a satellite with respect to the other perturbing forces. The equation of motion of satellites is a second-order vector differential equation. These equations are further simplified and developed in this study based on the geopotential force. This new expression is much simpler than the traditional one as it does not derivatives of the associated Legendre functions and the transformations are included in the equations. The maximum degree and order of the geopotential harmonic expansion must be selected prior to the orbit integration purposes. The values of the maximum degree and order of these coefficients depend directly on the satellite's altitude. In this article, behaviour of orbital elements of recent geopotential satellites, such as CHAMP, GRACE and GOCE is considered with respect to the different degree and order of geopotential coefficients. In this case, the maximum degree 116, 109 and 175 were derived for the Earth gravitational field in short arc orbit integration of the CHAMP, GRACE and GOCE, respectively considering millimeter level in perturbations.
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| 9. |
- Alizadeh Khameneh, Mohammad Amin
(författare)
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On Optimisation and Design of Geodetic Networks
- 2015
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Optimisation of a geodetic network is performed to provide its pre-set quality requirements. Today, this procedure is almost run with the aid of developed analytical approaches, where the human intervention in the process cycle is limited to defining the criteria. The existing complication of optimisation problem was terminated by classifying it into several stages. By performing these steps, we aim to design a network with the best datum, configuration and the observation weights, which meets the precision, reliability and cost criteria.In this thesis, which is a compilation of four papers in scientific journals, we investigate the optimisation problem by developing some new methods in simulated and real applications.On the first attempt, the impact of different constraints in using a bi-objective optimisation model is investigated in a simulated network. It is particularly prevalent among surveyors to encounter inconsistencies between the controlling constraints, such as precision, reliability and cost. To overcome this issue in optimisation, one can develop bi-objective or multi-objective models, where more criteria are considered in the object function. We found out that despite restricting the bi-objective model with precision and reliability constraints in this study, there is no significant difference in results compared to the unconstrained model. Nevertheless, the constrained models have strict controls on the precision of net points and observation reliabilities.The importance of optimisation techniques in optimal design of displacement monitoring networks leads to the development of a new idea, where all the observations of two epochs are considered in the optimisation procedure. Traditionally, an observation plan is designed for a displacement network and repeated for the second epoch. In the alternative method, by using the Gauss-Helmert method, the variances of all observations are estimated instead of their weights to perform the optimisation. This method delivers two observation plans for the two epochs and provides the same displacement precision as the former approach, while it totally removes more observations from the plan.To optimise a displacement monitoring network by considering a sensitivity criterion as a main factor in defining the capacity of a network in detecting displacements, a real case study is chosen. A GPS displacement monitoring network is established in the Lilla Edet municipality in the southwest of Sweden to investigate possible landslides. We optimised the existing monitoring network by considering all quality criteria, i.e. precision, reliability and cost to enable the network for detecting 5 mm displacement at the net points. The different optimisation models are performed on the network by assuming single baseline observations in each measurement session. A decrease of 17% in the number of observed baselines is yielded by the multi-objective model. The observation plan with fewer baselines saves cost, time and effort on the project, while it provides the demanded quality requirements.The Lilla Edet monitoring network is also used to investigate the idea, where we assume more precise instruments in the second of two sequential epochs. In this study, we use a single-objective model of precision, and constrained it to reliability. The precision criterion is defined such that it provides the sensitivity of the network in detecting displacements and has a better variance-covariance matrix than at the first epoch. As the observations are GPS baselines, we assumed longer observation time in the second epoch to obtain higher precision. The results show that improving the observation precision in the second epoch yields an observation plan with less number of baselines in that epoch. In other words, separate observation plans with different configurations are designed for the monitoring network, considering better observation precision for the latter epoch.
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| 10. |
- Alizadeh Khameneh, Mohammad Amin, et al.
(författare)
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Optimisation of Lilla Edet Landslide GPS Monitoring Network
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Geodetic Science. - : Walter de Gruyter GmbH. - 2081-9919 .- 2081-9943. ; 5:1, s. 57-66
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Since the year 2000, some periodic investigations have been performed in the Lilla Edet region to monitor and possibly determine the landslide of the area with the GPS measurements. The responsible consultant has conducted this project by setting up some stable stations for GPS receivers in the risky areas of Lilla Edet and measured the independent baselines amongst the stations according to their observation plan. Here, we optimise the existing surveying network and determine the optimal configuration of the observation plan based on different criteria. We aim to optimise the current network to become sensitive to detect 5 mm possible displacements in each net point. The network quality criteria of precision, reliability and cost are used as object functions to perform single-, bi- and multi-objective optimisation models. It has been shown in the results that the single-objective model of reliability, which is constrained to the precision, provides much higher precision than the defined criterion by preserving almost all of the observations. However, in this study, the multi-objective model can fulfil all the mentioned quality criteria of the network by 17% less measurements than the original observation plan, meaning 17% of saving time, cost and effort in the project.
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