| 1. |
- Alev, Uellar, et al.
(författare)
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Indoor hygrothermal condition and user satisfaction in naturally ventilated historic houses in temperate humid continental climate around the Baltic Sea
- 2016
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Ingår i: Architectural Science Review. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0003-8628 .- 1758-9622. ; 59:1, s. 53-67
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Indoor climate and user satisfaction were analysed by field measurement and a questionnaire in 67 traditional rural houses in Estonia, Finland and Sweden. Our findings showed that the indoor climate in all the investigated historic rural houses needs improvement. The room temperature was mainly too low during winter. Leaky houses had also a larger vertical temperature difference. The relative humidity in the unheated and periodically heated houses was high during winter and caused risk for mould growth in 17% of all houses and 33% of unheated houses. Significant differences of indoor humidity loads in different houses were revealed depending on the living density and usage profile. During the winter period, the design value of moisture excess was 4-5g/m(3) and the average moisture load was 2-3.5g/m(3). The indoor humidity load in historic houses was similar to that in modern houses. The results of the questionnaire showed that main problems were related to unstable or too low temperatures. At the same time, inhabitants rated the overall indoor climate as healthy and no statistically important relations were found between average indoor temperature and complaints about too cold or too warm indoor temperatures.
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| 2. |
- Alev, Ullar, et al.
(författare)
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Renovation alternatives to improve energy performance of historic rural houses in the Baltic Sea region
- 2014
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Ingår i: Energy and Buildings. - : Elsevier BV. - 0378-7788 .- 1872-6178. ; 77, s. 58-66
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper analyses renovation alternatives to improve energy performance of historic rural houses in three countries (Estonia, Finland, Sweden) in the Baltic Sea region (cold climate). The study was conducted by a combination of field measurements and simulations. Indoor climate, typical houses and structures as well as the current condition and need for renovation were determined by field measurements. Based on field measurements, indoor climate and energy simulation models were validated and used to calculate energy use for different renovation measures. Energy renovation packages were calculated for different scenarios (minimal influence on the appearance of the house, improvement of thermal comfort, improvement of building service systems) for different energy saving levels. The analysis showed that the improvement of building service systems and the energy source holds the largest energy saving potential. The building envelope of old rural houses needs improvement also due to high thermal transmittance and air leakage. The insulation of the external wall has the largest single energy saving potential of the building's envelope. The results show how energy savings depend on energy saving targets, typology of the building, thermal transmittance of original structures, and building service systems. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 3. |
- Eskola, Lari, et al.
(författare)
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Airtightness, Air Exchange and Energy Performance in Historic Residential Buildings with Different Structures
- 2015
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Ingår i: The International Journal of Ventilation. - 1473-3315 .- 2044-4044. ; 14:1, s. 11-26
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Old buildings that represent and maintain historic values often have poor indoor conditions and energy efficiency. The aim of this work was to evaluate the influence of building structures on airtightness and energy performance of certain historic building types. In this study on-site measurements, dynamic simulation and questionnaires were used. Significant differences between the levels of the airtightness of the historic houses exist in the studied region. No statistically significant correlation was found between the structure types and the envelope tightness. The typical air leakage places of the studied houses were at the junctions of the envelope structures. Measured air exchange rates indicated that the level of ventilation is insufficient in some of the houses while some are too leaky. If the airtightness of the naturally ventilated house is improved, the acceptable ventilation rate has to be guaranteed. Tightening the envelope and moving from natural to mechanical ventilation was the most effective way to improve the indoor conditions and energy performance.
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