| 1. |
- Zamora, Juan Carlos, et al.
(författare)
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Considerations and consequences of allowing DNA sequence data as types of fungal taxa
- 2018
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Ingår i: IMA Fungus. - : INT MYCOLOGICAL ASSOC. - 2210-6340 .- 2210-6359. ; 9:1, s. 167-185
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nomenclatural type definitions are one of the most important concepts in biological nomenclature. Being physical objects that can be re-studied by other researchers, types permanently link taxonomy (an artificial agreement to classify biological diversity) with nomenclature (an artificial agreement to name biological diversity). Two proposals to amend the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICN), allowing DNA sequences alone (of any region and extent) to serve as types of taxon names for voucherless fungi (mainly putative taxa from environmental DNA sequences), have been submitted to be voted on at the 11th International Mycological Congress (Puerto Rico, July 2018). We consider various genetic processes affecting the distribution of alleles among taxa and find that alleles may not consistently and uniquely represent the species within which they are contained. Should the proposals be accepted, the meaning of nomenclatural types would change in a fundamental way from physical objects as sources of data to the data themselves. Such changes are conducive to irreproducible science, the potential typification on artefactual data, and massive creation of names with low information content, ultimately causing nomenclatural instability and unnecessary work for future researchers that would stall future explorations of fungal diversity. We conclude that the acceptance of DNA sequences alone as types of names of taxa, under the terms used in the current proposals, is unnecessary and would not solve the problem of naming putative taxa known only from DNA sequences in a scientifically defensible way. As an alternative, we highlight the use of formulas for naming putative taxa (candidate taxa) that do not require any modification of the ICN.
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| 2. |
- Kehoe, Laura, et al.
(författare)
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Make EU trade with Brazil sustainable
- 2019
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Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 364:6438, s. 341-
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
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- 2019
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 5. |
- García-Iruela, Alberto, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of Degradation on Wood Hygroscopicity : The Case of a 400-Year-Old Coffin
- 2020
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Ingår i: Forests. - : MDPI. - 1999-4907. ; 11:7, s. 1-15
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The hygroscopicity and thermodynamic properties of Pinus sylvestris L. wood from a coffin allegedly holding the remains of famous Spanish author Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra (1547–1616) were studied using the 15 °C and 35 °C isotherms fitted to the Guggenheim–Anderson–de Boer model and comparing them with the isotherms of recently felled wood of the same species. In addition, using infrared spectroscopy (FTIR-ATR) and X-ray diffractograms, the functional groups were determined and the crystallinity and organization of the cell wall components were analyzed. The absence of the 1740 cm−1 group indicates hemicellulose degradation in the archaeological wood, and the X-ray diffractograms show a considerable decrease in cellulose crystallinity and disorganization of the cellulose crystallites. The greater availability of active –OH groups means that the archaeological wood isotherms are above the juvenile and mature wood isotherms, and therefore the thermodynamic balance in the sorption of the archaeological wood is greater.
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| 6. |
- Hudson, Lawrence N, et al.
(författare)
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The database of the PREDICTS (Projecting Responses of Ecological Diversity In Changing Terrestrial Systems) project
- 2017
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Ingår i: Ecology and Evolution. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 2045-7758. ; 7:1, s. 145-188
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The PREDICTS project-Projecting Responses of Ecological Diversity In Changing Terrestrial Systems (www.predicts.org.uk)-has collated from published studies a large, reasonably representative database of comparable samples of biodiversity from multiple sites that differ in the nature or intensity of human impacts relating to land use. We have used this evidence base to develop global and regional statistical models of how local biodiversity responds to these measures. We describe and make freely available this 2016 release of the database, containing more than 3.2 million records sampled at over 26,000 locations and representing over 47,000 species. We outline how the database can help in answering a range of questions in ecology and conservation biology. To our knowledge, this is the largest and most geographically and taxonomically representative database of spatial comparisons of biodiversity that has been collated to date; it will be useful to researchers and international efforts wishing to model and understand the global status of biodiversity.
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| 7. |
- Suarez, David Orozco, et al.
(författare)
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CMAG : A Mission to Study and Monitor the Inner Corona Magnetic Field
- 2023
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Ingår i: Aerospace. - 2226-4310. ; 10:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Measuring magnetic fields in the inner corona, the interface between the solar chromosphere and outer corona, is of paramount importance if we aim to understand the energetic transformations taking place there, and because it is at the origin of processes that lead to coronal heating, solar wind acceleration, and of most of the phenomena relevant to space weather. However, these measurements are more difficult than mere imaging because polarimetry requires differential photometry. The coronal magnetograph mission (CMAG) has been designed to map the vector magnetic field, line-of-sight velocities, and plane-of-the-sky velocities of the inner corona with unprecedented spatial and temporal resolutions from space. This will be achieved through full vector spectropolarimetric observations using a coronal magnetograph as the sole instrument on board a spacecraft, combined with an external occulter installed on another spacecraft. The two spacecraft will maintain a formation flight distance of 430 m for coronagraphic observations, which requires a 2.5 m occulter disk radius. The mission will be preferentially located at the Lagrangian L5 point, offering a significant advantage for solar physics and space weather research. Existing ground-based instruments face limitations such as atmospheric turbulence, solar scattered light, and long integration times when performing coronal magnetic field measurements. CMAG overcomes these limitations by performing spectropolarimetric measurements from space with an external occulter and high-image stability maintained over time. It achieves the necessary sensitivity and offers a spatial resolution of 2.5 '' and a temporal resolution of approximately one minute, in its nominal mode, covering the range from 1.02 solar radii to 2.5 radii. CMAG relies on proven European technologies and can be adapted to enhance any other solar mission, offering potential significant advancements in coronal physics and space weather modeling and monitoring.
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| 8. |
- Beal, Jacob, et al.
(författare)
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Robust estimation of bacterial cell count from optical density
- 2020
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Ingår i: Communications Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2399-3642. ; 3:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Optical density (OD) is widely used to estimate the density of cells in liquid culture, but cannot be compared between instruments without a standardized calibration protocol and is challenging to relate to actual cell count. We address this with an interlaboratory study comparing three simple, low-cost, and highly accessible OD calibration protocols across 244 laboratories, applied to eight strains of constitutive GFP-expressing E. coli. Based on our results, we recommend calibrating OD to estimated cell count using serial dilution of silica microspheres, which produces highly precise calibration (95.5% of residuals <1.2-fold), is easily assessed for quality control, also assesses instrument effective linear range, and can be combined with fluorescence calibration to obtain units of Molecules of Equivalent Fluorescein (MEFL) per cell, allowing direct comparison and data fusion with flow cytometry measurements: in our study, fluorescence per cell measurements showed only a 1.07-fold mean difference between plate reader and flow cytometry data.
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| 9. |
- Esteban, Luis García, et al.
(författare)
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Juvenile and mature wood of Abies pinsapoBoissie : sorption and thermodynamic properties
- 2015
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Ingår i: Wood Science and Technology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0043-7719 .- 1432-5225. ; 49:4, s. 725-738
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- For industrial processes, it is important to study the hygroscopicity and thermodynamic properties of juvenile and mature wood. Samples of Abies pinsapo Boiss. collected in the natural areas of the species in Spain were used to study these properties in both types of wood. The equilibrium moisture contents were obtained, and the 15, 35 and 50 °C isotherms were plotted following the Guggenheim–Anderson–Boer–Dent model. The thermodynamic parameters were calculated using the integration method of the Clausius–Clapeyron equation. Chemical analyses, infrared spectra and X-ray diffractograms were applied to assess chemical modifications and possible changes in the cell wall structure. The chemical composition of the mature wood shows a decrease in the lignin and hemicelluloses content and an increase in the extracts and α-cellulose. The sorption isotherms for the three temperatures studied are higher in the mature wood than in the juvenile wood. Causes of this include the higher content of α-cellulose, the higher crystallinity index and the shorter crystallite length in the mature wood. No difference was found between the juvenile and mature wood in relation to the point of inflexion where the multilayer starts to predominate over the monolayer (approximately 30 %). In terms of the thermodynamic properties, the heat involved is greater in desorption than in adsorption, and more heat is involved in the mature wood than in the juvenile wood.
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| 10. |
- Garcia Silva, Maria R., et al.
(författare)
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Cloning, characterization, and subcellular localization of a Trypanosoma cruzi argonaute protein defining a new subfamily distinctive of trypanosomatids
- 2010
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Ingår i: Gene. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-0038 .- 0378-1119. ; 466:1-2, s. 26-35
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Over the last years an expanding family of small non-coding RNAs (sRNA) has been identified in eukaryotic genomes which behave as sequence-specific triggers for mRNA degradation, translation repression, heterochromatin formation and genome stability. To achieve their effectors functions, sRNAs associate with members of the Argonaute protein family. Argonaute proteins are segregated into three paralogous groups: the AGO-like subfamily, the PIWI-like subfamily, and the WAGO subfamily (for Worm specific AGO). Detailed phylogenetic analysis of the small RNA-related machinery components revealed that they can be traced back to the common ancestor of eukaryotes. However, this machinery seems to be lost or excessively simplified in some unicellular organisms such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Trypanosoma cruzi, Leishmania major and Plasmodium falciparum which are unable to utilize dsRNA to trigger degradation of target RNAs. We reported here a unique ORF encoding for an AGO/PIWI protein in T. cruzi which was expressed in all stages of its life cycle at the transcript as well as the protein level. Database search for remote homologues, revealed the presence of a divergent PAZ domain adjacent to the well supported PIWI domain. Our results strongly suggested that this unique AGO/PIWI protein from T. cruzi is a canonical Argonaute in terms of its domain architecture. We propose to reclassify all Argonaute members from trypanosomatids as a distinctive phylogenetic group representing a new subfamily of Argonaute proteins and propose the generic designation of AGO/PIWI-tryp to identify them. Inside the Trypanosomatid-specific node, AGO/PIWI-tryps were clearly segregated into two paralog groups designated as AGO-tryp and PIWI-tryp according to the presence or absence of a functional link with RNAi-related phenomena, respectively. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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