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- Claudio, Ana Paula, et al.
(författare)
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Sense of presence inside a feared (virtual) tunnel
- 2015
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Ingår i: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2015 10TH IBERIAN CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION SYSTEMS AND TECHNOLOGIES (CISTI 2015). - 9781479983308 ; , s. Art. no. 7170433-
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Virtual Reality in Exposure Therapy allows exposing patients to simulations of feared situations, even in cases where actual exposure is not possible or difficult. We have created a Web application that helps therapists performing this type of therapy when dealing with patients that suffer from anxiety of crossing road tunnels. The application contains a set of animations of virtual scenarios recreating a car journey across a tunnel visualized from the point of view of the traveler sitting beside the driver and exhibiting a set of potential anxiety inductors. In this paper we describe the application and report a user study to assess the adequacy of our application as a VRET tool and also to compare the impact of visualizing the animations resorting to two distinct low cost apparatus: a versatile immersive equipment and a big projection.
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| 3. |
- Esteves, Francisco Gomes, et al.
(författare)
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Psychophysiological responses to a Virtual Reality scenario for the treatment of Social Anxiety
- 2016
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Ingår i: International Journal of Psychophysiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-8760.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Virtual Reality systems have been proved to be a valuable tool in the exposure treatment of different anxiety disorders. Virtual Spectators is an application created to be used by therapists in the treatment of social anxiety. The application allows the therapist to manipulate the difficulty of the task during the therapy session. The aim of the present study was to test the emotional impact of the application in non-clinical participants with different levels of social anxiety, by measuring Heart-Rate, Skin Conductance Responses and the Startle Reflex. Participants had to read two different texts (one easier and another more difficult) in front of a panel with three animated virtual judges, while their physiological responses were monitored continuously. From an initial pool of 95 participants, 32 (10 males) were selected to participate in the experiment according to their anxiety level (high or low). The results showed a general increase in heart-rate and skin conductance levels while they were reading the first text. A general differentiation between the groups was also observed in the heart-rate data, with participants in the high-anxiety group showing higher rates than in low-anxiety participants. Interestingly, the participants rated the exposure situation as more realistic while they were reading the more difficult text. In general, it can be concluded that the application Virtual Spectators seems to be a useful instrument to induce anxiety responses in exposure situations in the treatment of social anxiety.
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- Galinha, Iolanda Costa, et al.
(författare)
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Confirmatory Factor Analysis and Temporal Invariance of the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS)
- 2013
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Ingår i: Psicologia. - 0102-7972 .- 1678-7153. ; 26:4, s. 671-679
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper analyzes the structure and the temporal invariance of the Portuguese version of the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule. Previous studies are not consensual whether PANAS measures two or three affect factors and whether such factors are independent or correlated. In order to fill in this gap, we compared the original PANAS, as an independent bi-dimensional structure, with several other alternative structures. Two hundred forty five university students and professional trainees answered the questionnaire in two distinct moments with a two month interval. The model of PANAS with a structure of two independent factors, Positive Affect (PA) and Negative Affect (NA), as proposed by the authors of the scale, was tested. However, the best model consisted of two independent factors, PA and NA, with the cross-loading of the item "excited" between PA and NA, and specified error correlations between the same categories of emotions. Another gap in the literature is the temporal invariance analysis of the PANAS. This paper assesses the temporal invariance of the scale, using the structural equation modeling analysis. Although it was used in its state form version, the PANAS scale showed temporal stability in a two month interval.
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| 5. |
- Galinha, Iolanda Costa, et al.
(författare)
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Cross-Cultural Comparison of Personality Traits, Attachment Security, and Satisfaction With Relationships as Predictors of Subjective Well-Being in India, Sweden, and the United States
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology. - : SAGE Publications. - 0022-0221 .- 1552-5422. ; 47:8, s. 1033-1052
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Personality traits like Neuroticism and Extroversion, Satisfaction With Relationships, and Attachment Security are among the most important predictors of subjective well-being (SWB). However, the relative contribution of these predictors to SWB is seldom tested, and even more rarely tested cross-culturally. In this study, we replicate and extend Galinha, Oishi, Pereira, Wirtz, and Esteves, aiming to identify the strongest predictors of SWB, and in what way that contribution is universal or culture-specific, across such collectivist-individualist countries as India, Sweden, and the United States (N = 1,622). Structural equation modeling showed that Satisfaction With Relationships is a stronger predictor of SWB in India, while Neuroticism is a stronger predictor of SWB in Sweden and the United States, results consistent with prior Portuguese and Mozambican samples. These findings suggest that Satisfaction With Relationships is probably a stronger predictor of SWB in more collectivistic and less developed countries, while low Neuroticism is a stronger predictor of SWB in more individualistic and highly developed countries. Across all samples, Attachment Security and Extroversion showed very weak or nonsignificant effects on SWB above the contribution of Neuroticism and Satisfaction With Relationships, consistent with prior results. Neuroticism significantly mediated the relationship between Attachment Security, SWB, and Satisfaction With Relationships.
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