| 1. |
- Cao, Junyue, et al.
(författare)
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Principles of Systems Biology, No. 21
- 2017
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Ingår i: CELL SYSTEMS. - : CELL PRESS. - 2405-4712. ; 5:3, s. 158-160
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This month: relating single cells to populations (Cao/Packer, Wu/Altschuler, O'Brien, Friedman), an excess of ribosomes (Barkai), human pathology atlas (Uhlen), signatures of feedback (Rahi), and major genome redesign (Baumgart).
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| 2. |
- Cao, Junyue, et al.
(författare)
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Principles of Systems Biology, No. 21 : Editorial
- 2017
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Ingår i: CELL SYSTEMS. - : Elsevier BV. - 2405-4712. ; 5:3, s. 158-160
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This month: relating single cells to populations (Cao/Packer, Wu/Altschuler, O'Brien, Friedman), an excess of ribosomes (Barkai), human pathology atlas (Uhlen), signatures of feedback (Rahi), and major genome redesign (Baumgart).
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| 3. |
- de-Graft Aikins, Ama, et al.
(författare)
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Global Health and the Changing Contours of Human Life
- 2018
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Ingår i: Rethinking Society for the 21st Century: Report of the International Panel on Social Progress. - Cambridge : Cambridge University Press. - 9781108399661 ; , s. 713-752
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The contours of human life – birth, childhood, maturity, reproduction, the experiences of health, illness, and disability, and death – have been and will remain nearly universal; but their duration and texture are undergoing great changes. In this chapter, we chart the transformations and make projections into the near future. Many of the trends are favorable: fewer children are dying, and many enjoy greater longevity. But these advances are not distributed uniformly among and within countries and regions. Furthermore, the value of longevity is compromised by an increasing number of people living with diminished health under inequitable systems of health and social care. A more just future can be achieved by a continuing emphasis on equity in global health systems even as human lives continue to be extended and enhanced.
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| 4. |
- Eyal, Nir, et al.
(författare)
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Input and output in distributive theory
- 2021
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Ingår i: Nous. - 0029-4624 .- 1468-0068.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Distributive theories evaluate distributions of goods based on candidate recipients’ characteristics, e.g. how well off candidates are, how deserving they are, and whether they fare below sufficiency. But such characteristics vary across possible worlds, so distributive theories may differ in terms of the world which for them settles candidates’ characteristics. This paper examines how distributive theories differ in terms of whether candidate recipients’ relevant characteristics are grounded in the possible world that would take place if the distributor does not intervene (call it the “input” world) or if they are grounded in each possible world that the distributor can bring about through different decisions (call each an “output” world). We illustrate the importance of this distinction in relation to one distributive theory, prioritarianism. As we show, both input and output versions of prioritarianism are plausible interpretations of the literature, and there are good reasons to take input prioritarianism seriously. Ultimately, however, we argue that input prioritarianism should be rejected.
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| 5. |
- Ilotoviz, Eyal, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of Aerosols on Freezing Drops, Hail, and Precipitation in a Midlatitude Storm
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Atmospheric Sciences. - 1520-0469. ; 73:1, s. 109-144
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A midlatitude hail storm was simulated using a new version of the spectral bin microphysics Hebrew University Cloud Model (HUCM) with a detailed description of time-dependent melting and freezing. In addition to size distributions of drops, plate-, columnar-, and branch-type ice crystals, snow, graupel, and hail, new distributions for freezing drops as well as for liquid water mass within precipitating ice particles were implemented to describe time-dependent freezing and wet growth of hail, graupel, and freezing drops.Simulations carried out using different aerosol loadings show that an increase in aerosol loading leads to a decrease in the total mass of hail but also to a substantial increase in the maximum size of hailstones. Cumulative rain strongly increases with an increase in aerosol concentration from 100 to about 1000 cm(-3). At higher cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) concentrations, the sensitivity of hailstones' size and surface precipitation to aerosols decreases. The physical mechanism of these effects was analyzed. It was shown that the change in aerosol concentration leads to a change in the major mechanisms of hail formation and growth. The main effect of the increase in the aerosol concentration is the increase in the supercooled cloud water content. Accordingly, at high aerosol concentration, the hail grows largely by accretion of cloud droplets in the course of recycling in the cloud updraft zone. The main mechanism of hail formation in the case of low aerosol concentration is freezing of raindrops.
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| 6. |
- Kumjian, Matthew R., et al.
(författare)
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The Anatomy and Physics of Z(DR) Columns: Investigating a Polarimetric Radar Signature with a Spectral Bin Microphysical Model
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology. - 1558-8424. ; 53:7, s. 1820-1843
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Polarimetric radar observations of deep convective storms frequently reveal columnar enhancements of differential reflectivity Z(DR). Such "Z(DR) columns" can extend upward more than 3 km above the environmental 0 C level, indicative of supercooled liquid drops being lofted by the updraft. Previous observational and modeling studies of Z(DR) columns are reviewed. To address remaining questions, the Hebrew University Cloud Model, an advanced spectral bin microphysical model, is coupled with a polarimetric radar operator to simulate the formation and life cycle of Z(DR) columns in a deep convective continental storm. In doing so, the mechanisms by which Z(DR) columns are produced are clarified, including the formation of large raindrops in the updraft by recirculation of smaller raindrops formed aloft back into the updraft at low levels. The internal hydrometeor structure of Z(DR) columns is quantified, revealing the transition from supercooled liquid drops to freezing drops to hail with height in the Z(DR) column. The life cycle of Z(DR) columns from early formation, through growth to maturity, to demise is described, showing how hail falling out through the weakening or ascending updraft bubble dominates the reflectivity factor Z(H), causing the death of the Z(DR) column and leaving behind its "ghost" of supercooled drops. In addition, the practical applications of Z(DR) columns and their evolution are explored.. The height of the Z(DR) column is correlated with updraft strength, and the evolution of Z(DR) column height is correlated with increases in Z(H) and hail mass content at the ground after a lag of 10-15 min.
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| 7. |
- Levi, Nir, et al.
(författare)
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Lead fixation mechanism impacts outcome of transvenous lead extraction : Data from the European Lead Extraction ConTRolled Registry
- 2022
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Ingår i: Europace. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1099-5129 .- 1532-2092. ; 24:5, s. 817-827
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIMS: The aims of this study is to characterize the transvenous lead extraction (TLE) population with active (A) compared with passive fixation (PFix) leads and to compare the safety, efficacy, and ease of extracting active fixation (AFix) compared with PFix right atrial (RA) and right ventricular (RV) leads.METHODS AND RESULTS: The European Lead Extraction ConTRolled Registry (ELECTRa) was analysed. Patients were divided into three groups; those with only AFix, only PFix, and combined Fix leads. Three outcomes were defined. Difficult extraction, complete radiological, and clinical success. Multivariate model was used to analyse the independent effect of Fix mechanism on these outcomes. The study included 2815 patients, 1456 (51.7%) with only AFix leads, 982 (34.9%) with only PFix leads, and 377 (13.4%) with combined Fix leads. Patients with AFix leads were younger with shorter lead dwelling time. Infection was the leading cause for TLE among the combined Fix group with lowest rates among AFix group. No difference in complications rates was noted between patients with only AFix vs. PFix leads. Overall, there were 1689 RA (1046 AFix and 643 PFix) and 2617 RV leads (1441 AFix and 1176 PFix). Multivariate model demonstrated that PFix is independently associated with more difficult extraction for both RA and RV leads, lower radiological success in the RA but has no effect on clinical success.CONCLUSION: Mechanism of Fix impact the ease of TLE of RA and RV leads and rates of complete radiological success in the RA but not clinical success. These findings should be considered during implantation and TLE procedures.
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| 8. |
- Phillips, Vaughan, et al.
(författare)
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Theory of Time-Dependent Freezing. Part I: Description of Scheme for Wet Growth of Hail
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Atmospheric Sciences. - 1520-0469. ; 71:12, s. 133-163
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- At subzero temperatures, cloud particles can contain both ice and liquid water fractions. Wet growth of precipitation particles occurs when supercooled cloud liquid is accreted faster than it can freeze on impact. With a flexible framework, the theory of wet growth of hail is extended to the case of the inhomogeneities of surface temperature and of liquid coverage over the surface of the particle. The theory treats the heat fluxes between its wet and dry parts and radial heat fluxes from the sponge layer through the liquid skin to the air. The theory parameterizes effects of nonsphericity of hail particles on their growth by accretion. Gradual internal freezing of any liquid soaking the hail or graupel particle's interior during dry growth ("riming") is treated as well. In this way, the microphysical recycling envisaged by Pflaum in a paper in 1980 is treated, with alternating episodes of wet and dry growth. The present paper, the first of a two-part paper, describes the scheme to treat wet growth, accounting for dependencies on condensate content, temperature, and particle size. Comparison with the laboratory experiments is presented.
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| 9. |
- Phillips, Vaughan, et al.
(författare)
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Theory of Time-Dependent Freezing. Part II: Scheme for Freezing Raindrops and Simulations by a Cloud Model with Spectral Bin Microphysics
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Atmospheric Sciences. - 1520-0469. ; 72:1, s. 262-286
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The time-dependent process of raindrop freezing is described in a general form, including thermodynamic effects from the accretion of cloud liquid and cloud ice. Freezing drops (FDs) larger than 80 m (and their water mass) are represented explicitly in a cloud model with spectral bin microphysics. FDs consist of interior water covered by ice initially. Possibilities of both dry (icy surface) and wet growth (surface covered by liquid) of FDs are accounted for.Schemes of time-dependent freezing for rain (discussed in this paper) and wet growth of hail and graupel (discussed in Part I) were implemented in a spectral bin microphysics cloud model. The model predicted that accretion of liquid produces giant FDs of 0.5-2 cm in diameter, far larger than purely liquid drops can become. This growth of FDs is promoted by recirculation from the downdraft back into the updraft and by cessation of internal freezing from some accreted liquid remaining unfrozen (wet growth of FDs). Significant contents of FDs reach a height level of 7 km (-29 degrees C) in the simulated storm. After FDs finish freezing and become hailstones, wet growth may resume. The critical diameter separating wet- and dry-growth regimes is predicted to increase with height for FDs and is more vertically uniform for hail.A sensitivity test shows that time-dependent freezing initially delays the formation of hail but later in the mature stage of the storm boosts it. Convection is invigorated. Hail and freezing drops are upwelled to higher levels, causing hail to grow to sizes up to 100% larger than without time-dependent freezing.
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| 10. |
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