| 1. |
- Fagerlönn, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Acoustic vehicle alerting systems : Will they affect the acceptance of electric vehicles?
- 2018
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Ingår i: ACM International Conference Proceeding Series. - New York, NY, USA : ACM. - 9781450366090
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Vehicles powered by electric motors can be very quiet at low speeds, which can lead to new road safety issues. The European Parliament has decided that quiet vehicles should be equipped with an Acoustic Vehicle Alerting System (AVAS). The main purpose of the studies presented in this paper was to investigate whether future requirements could affect people's acceptance of electric vehicles (EVs). The strategy in the first study was to create an immersive, simulated auditory environment where people could experience the sounds of future traffic situations. The second study was conducted with a car on a test track. The results suggest that the requirements are not likely to have a major negative effect on people's experience of EVs or willingness to buy an EV. However, the sounds can have a certain negative effect on emotional response and acceptance, which should be considered by manufacturers. The results of the test track study indicate that unprotected road users may appreciate the function of an AVAS sound. The work did not reveal any large differences between AVAS sounds. But in the simulated environment, sounds designed to resemble an internal combustion engine tended to receive more positive scores. © 2018 Copyright is held by the owner/author(s).
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| 2. |
- Fagerlönn, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Advanced Driving Simulator to Evaluate Sound Design Strategies for Intelligent Transport Systems
- 2011. - 5
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Additional sound capabilities in visually advanced simulators may offer researchers and practitioners better resources to evaluate in-vehicle auditory signals and advanced auditory displays. In the first part of the present report, the implementation of a new audio system in the Scania truck cabin for the VTI driving simulator 2 and 3 at the Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute (VTI) is described. The new system is designed to make it easier to use the advanced driving simulator to study the effects of in-vehicle auditory signals on drivers and traffic safety. The system includes both new software and hardware. The new audio software is based on the Open Audio Library (OpenAL) implementation for the Macintosh Operating System OS X. It communicates with the existing simulator software using the Open Sound Control (OSC) standard. The remaining program code is open, which offers the possibility of adapting the system for the future demands and specific needs of members within Virtual Prototyping and Assessment by Simulation (ViP). The new audio software contains a simple visual interface that can be used to set up, test and calibrate auditory cues inside the cabin at an early stage of a project. In terms of hardware, six new loudspeakers have been installed in the truck cabin. This speaker setup can be used to simulate sound sources in various spatial positions around the driver. Special consideration was taken regarding the placement of the loudspeakers inside the cabin in order not to make them disturbing to the drivers. Additionally, even though the system was especially designed for the simulation of ADASs, the functionality was implemented to prepare the system for presentation of other sound sources in the driver environment. Another aim for the present project was to investigate the potential of urgent alarms to raise annoyance and negatively affect drivers’ subsequent responses to unrelated, critical events on the road. While performing a simulated driving task, truck drivers received two types of warnings that were designed to significantly differ in perceived urgency. Several times in the trial, an unexpected event occurred just seconds after drivers were presented with an unrelated warning, and the drivers had to brake immediately to avoid a collision. The results indicate that acoustic characteristics and semantic meaning may impact the perceived annoyance of in-vehicle warnings. Furthermore, the participants who received the high-urgency warning braked significantly harder and tended to brake later than the drivers who received a low-urgency warning. The simulator study was also used to validate the reliability of the new audio system. In summary, the new audio system worked reliably during all 24 trials. However, more extended validations should be carried out in the future to investigate the exact accuracy of the system in representing signals in specific spatial directions.
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| 3. |
- Fagerlönn, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Advanced driving simulator to evaluate sound design strategies for intelligent transport systems
- 2011
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Additional sound capabilities in visually advanced simulators may offer researchers and practitioners better resources to evaluate in-vehicle auditory signals and advanced auditory displays. In the first part of the present report, the implementation of a new audio system in the Scania truck cabin for the driving simulators II and III at the Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute (VTI) is described.The new audio software is based on the Open Audio Library (OpenAL) implementation for the Macintosh Operating System OS X. It communicates with the existing simulator software using the Open Sound Control (OSC) standard. The remaining program code is open, which offers the possibility of adapting the audio system to future demands and specific needs of partners within the competence centre ViP (Virtual Prototyping and Assessment by Simulation).Another aim of the present project was to investigate the potential of urgent alarms to raise annoyance and negatively affect drivers’ subsequent responses to unrelated, critical events on the road. While performing a simulated driving task, truck drivers received two types of warnings that were designed to differ significantly in perceived urgency. Several times in the trial an unexpected event occurred just seconds after drivers were presented with an unrelated warning, and the drivers had to brake immediately to avoid a collision. The results indicate that acoustic characteristics and semantic meaning may impact the perceived annoyance of in-vehicle warnings. Furthermore, the participants who received a high-urgency warning braked significantly harder and tended to brake later than the drivers who received a low-urgency warning.The simulator study was also used to validate the reliability of the new audio system.
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| 4. |
- Fagerlönn, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Auditory signs to support traffic awareness
- 2009
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Ingår i: 16th World Congress and Exhibition on Intelligent Transport Systems 2009. - Red Hook : Curran Associates, Inc.. - 9781617385896
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Informative systems might contribute to sensory and cognitive driver distraction, which in turn can lead to a more dangerous driving behavior. In this study we evaluated auditory signs to support drivers traffic awareness during simulated driving. 18 truck drivers identified traffic situations based on information conveyed by brief sounds. Aspects of learning, interpretation and pleasantness of sounds were monitored and rated by the drivers. Sounds which were arbitrary mapped to traffic situations required longer learning times, resulted in degraded choice reaction performance, and were rated as less pleasant compared to sounds with a high level in context specific meaning.
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| 5. |
- Fagerlönn, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Auditory signs to support traffic awareness
- 2010
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Ingår i: IET Intelligent Transport Systems. - : Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET). - 1751-956X .- 1751-9578. ; 4:4, s. 262-269
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In-vehicle information systems (IVIS) may contribute to increased levels of cognitive workload, which in turn can lead to a more dangerous driving behaviour. An experiment was conducted to examine the use of auditory signs to support drivers' traffic situation awareness. Eighteen experienced truck drivers identified traffic situations based on information conveyed by brief sounds. Aspects of learning, cognitive demand and pleasantness were monitored and rated by the drivers. Differences in cognitive effort was estimated using a dual-task set-up, in which drivers responded to auditory signs while simultaneously performing a simulated driving task. As expected, arbitrary sounds required significantly longer learning times compared to sounds that have a natural meaning in the driving context. The arbitrary sounds also resulted in a significant degradation in response performance, even after the drivers got a chance to learn the sounds. Finally, the results indicate that the use of arbitrary sounds can negatively impact driver satisfaction. These results have implications for a broad range of developing intelligent transport systems designed to assist drivers in absence of fundamental visual information or in visually demanding traffic situations.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Fagerlönn, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Awesome sound design tool: a web based utility that invites end users into the audio design process
- 2009. - 12
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previous auditory display research has shown how fundamental aspects of an auditory signal may influence perception and impact the emotional state of the listener. However, a challenge for designers is how to find signals that correspond to user situations and make sense within a user context. In this article we present a web based application called AWESOME Sound Design Tool; a tool that invites users to take part in the design process of auditory signals. The basic idea is to give users control over some aspects of the auditory stimuli and encourage them to manipulate the sound with a specific user scenario in mind. The software may help developers working with applied design to find more appropriate sounds for user situations. It might also help researchers to better understand correlations between the properties of a sound and characteristics of a user situation. A pilot study has been conducted in which car drivers designed warning signals for critical traffic situations. The pilot study illustrated how the tool could be useful for applied audio design.
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| 8. |
- Fagerlönn, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Collaboration with Highly Automated Vehicles via Voice Interaction and Augmented Reality
- 2023
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Ingår i: Prooc. of HRI '23. - New York, NY, USA : ACM. - 9781450399708 ; , s. 540-544
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In future confined industrial contexts (hubs), highly automated vehicles and human operators may work in shared spaces and collaborate on joint tasks. This will probably generate a demand for new user interfaces between humans and machines that need to be designed to facilitate high levels of safety and efficiency as well as a positive user experience (UX). The present work investigates the potential of using a combination of voice interaction (VI) and visual augmented reality (AR) to support collaboration between automated vehicles and humans manually operating a machine. A concept using VI and AR for a loading scenario in a logistic center was created and evaluated using a VR headset to provide an immersive experience. A user study with 18 forklift drivers was conducted. Our study shows that the concept generated high scores in terms of usability and UX, which indicates a promising potential to use VI and AR to facilitate interaction between human machine operators and unmanned highly automated vehicles when performing collaborative tasks. Our study also implies a need to explore the design and implementation of more complex and social VI for users in logistic centers.
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| 9. |
- Fagerlönn, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Designing a multimodal warning display for an industrial control room
- 2017
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Ingår i: ACM International Conference Proceeding Series. - New York, NY, USA : ACM. - 9781450353731
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents the development of a multimodal warning display for a paper mill control room. In previous work, an informative auditory display for control room warnings was proposed. The proposed auditory solution conveys information about urgent events by using a combination of auditory icons and tonal components. The main aim of the present study was to investigate if a complementary visual display could increase the effectiveness and acceptance of the existing auditory solution. The visual display was designed in a user-driven design process with operators. An evaluation was conducted both before and after the implementation. Subjective ratings showed that operators found it easier to identify the alarming section using the multimodal display. These results can be useful for any designer intending to implement a multimodal display for warnings in an industrial context. © 2017 Copyright is held by the owner/author(s).
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| 10. |
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