| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
- Elgh, Eva, et al.
(författare)
-
Cognitive dysfunction, hippocampal atrophy and glucocorticoid feedback in Alzheimer's disease.
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Biological Psychiatry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0006-3223 .- 1873-2402. ; 59:2, s. 155-161
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The hippocampal formation is damaged early in Alzheimer's disease (AD). An association between temporal lobe volume and cognitive function has been shown in several studies. Increased limbic-hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (LHPA) axis function has been suggested to be related to hippocampal atrophy and cognitive impairment. Our hypothesis was that there is a clear link between hippocampal volume -- notably of the CA1 region -- memory (episodic and visuospatial) and decreased feedback sensitivity in the LHPA axis in AD. METHODS: Sixteen medication-free outpatients with mild to moderate AD were included. Hippocampal volume was measured with magnetic resonance imaging. Dexamethasone suppression tests were performed using .5 mg and .25 mg dexamethasone. Three different components in the neuropsychological battery -- Rey 15 item memory test, Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale (ADAS) word recall and spatial span from Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale - Revised neuropsychological instrument (WAIS-R NI) -- were found to represent episodic and visuospatial memory. RESULTS: Low hippocampal CA1 volume and high post-dexamethasone cortisol levels in combination were significantly associated with Rey 15 item memory and spatial span test outcomes. No association was found between LHPA feedback and hippocampal volume. CONCLUSIONS: Low hippocampal volume and a disturbed negative feedback in the LHPA axis link to specific cognitive impairments in Alzheimer's disease.
|
|
| 3. |
- Hariz, Marwan I, et al.
(författare)
-
Bilateral subthalamic nucleus stimulation in a parkinsonian patient with preoperative deficits in speech and cognition : persistent improvement in mobility but increased dependency
- 2000
-
Ingår i: Movement Disorders. - 0885-3185 .- 1531-8257. ; 15:1, s. 136-139
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report a patient with advanced Parkinson's disease, including severe and frequent off periods with freezing of gait, moderate dysphonia, and some cognitive impairment, who underwent bilateral subthalamic nucleus (STN) stimulation. The patient was followed for 1 year after surgery, showing persistent good mobility without off periods and without freezing, which reverted completely when stopping the stimulation. There was deterioration of cognition as well as increased aphonia and drooling, all of which remained when the stimulation was turned off. The striking improvement in motor symptoms following STN stimulation was not paralleled by improvement in disability, probably as a result of a cognitive decline, suggesting a diagnosis of Parkinson's disease with dementia. We conclude that chronic STN stimulation is efficient in alleviating akinetic motor symptoms including gait freezing; this surgery should be offered before patients start to exhibit speech or cognitive disturbances.
|
|
| 4. |
|
|
| 5. |
- Spandow, Odd, et al.
(författare)
-
Lateral sinus thrombosis after untreated otitis media : A clinical problem – again?
- 2000
-
Ingår i: European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology. - 0937-4477 .- 1434-4726. ; 257:1, s. 1-5
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Antimicrobial agents have greatly reduced the incidence of intracranial complications of infections of the middle ear and mastoid. Too many prescriptions and overconsumption of antibiotics when otitis media is suspected has caused resistance to many antibiotics, leading to a pronounced and justifiable desire to reduce the widespread excessive use of antibiotics. The possible untoward consequences of a too restricted antibiotic policy, however, is illustrated by the following case of a 14-year-old boy who, after non-treatment of an ear infection, fell ill with one-sided headache and vomiting caused by a lateral sinus thrombosis. After intravenous treatment with antibiotics, anticoagulants and ventilation of the middle ear, the infection was cured without complications. This case calls attention to the symptoms of otitic complications arising outside the temporal bone. The physician must always bear in mind the possibility of an unusual event. The general treatment of endocranial complications is outlined, giving details of the treatment given in this special case. We stress that one should not be too cautious in prescribing antibiotics in otitis media.
|
|
| 6. |
|
|
