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- Ekman, Mari, et al.
(författare)
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Decreased phosphatase activity, increased Ca2+ sensitivity, and myosin light chain phosphorylation in urinary bladder smooth muscle of newborn mice
- 2005
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Ingår i: Journal of General Physiology. - : Rockefeller University Press. - 0022-1295 .- 1540-7748. ; 125:2, s. 187-196
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Developmental changes in the regulation of smooth muscle contraction were examined in urinary bladder smooth muscle from mice. Maximal active stress was lower in newborn tissue compared with adult, and it was correlated with a lower content of actin and myosin. Sensitivity to extracellular Ca2+ during high-K+ contraction, was higher in newborn compared with 3-wk-old and adult bladder strips. Concentrations at half maximal tension (EC50) were 0.57 +/- 0.01, 1.14 +/- 0.12, and 1.31 +/- 0.08 mM. Force of the newborn tissue was inhibited by similar to45% by the nonmuscle myosin inhibitor Blebbistatin, whereas adult tissue was not affected. The calcium sensitivity in newborn tissue was not affected by Blebbistatin, suggesting that noninuscle myosin is not a primary cause for increased calcium sensitivity. The relation between intracellular [Ca2+] and force was shifted toward lower [Ca2+] in the newborn bladders. This increased Ca2+ sensitivity was also found in permeabilized muscles (EC50: 6.10 +/- 0.07, 5.77 +/- 0.08, and 5.55 +/- 0.02 pCa units, in newborn, 3-wk-old, and adult tissues). It was associated with an increased myosin light chain phosphorylation and a decreased rate of dephosphorylation. No difference was observed in the myosin light chain phosphorylation rate, whereas the rate of myosin light chain phosphatase-induced relaxation was about twofold slower in the newborn tissue. The decreased rate was associated with a lower expression of the phosphatase regulatory Subunit MYPT-1 in newborn tissue. The results show that myosin light chain phosphatase activity can be developmentally regulated in mammalian urinary bladders. The resultant alterations in Ca2+ sensitivity may be of importance for the nervous and myogenic control of the newborn bladders.
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- Fagher, K., et al.
(författare)
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Preparing for snow-sport events at the Paralympic Games in Beijing in 2022 : recommendations and remaining questions
- 2022
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Ingår i: BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine. - : BMJ. - 2055-7647. ; 8:1
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- During the 2022 Winter Paralympic Games in Beijing, the Para snow-sport events will be held at high altitudes and in possibly cold conditions while also requiring adjustment to several time zones. Furthermore, the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic may lead to suboptimal preparations. Another concern is the high rate of injuries that have been reported in the Para alpine and snowboard events. In addition to these challenges, Para athletes various impairments may affect both sports-specific demands and athlete health. However, the group of Para snow-sport athletes is an understudied population. Accordingly, this perspective paper summarises current knowledge to consider when preparing for the Paralympic Games in Beijing and point out important unanswered questions. We here focus specifically on how sport-specific demands and impairment-related considerations are influenced by altitude acclimatisation, cold conditions, travel fatigue and jetlag, complications due to the COVID-19 pandemic, and injury prevention and sports safety considerations. As Para athletes with spinal cord injury, limb deficiency, cerebral palsy and visual impairment account for the majority of the Para snow-sport athletes, the focus is mainly on these impairment groups. In brief, we highlight the extra caution required to ensure athlete health, performance and sports safety among Para athletes participating in the snow-sport events in the 2022 Beijing Paralympic Games. Although there is an urgent need for more high-quality research focusing on Para winter athletes, we hope these non-consensus recommendations will help prepare for the 2022 Beijing Paralympic Winter Games.
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- Fagher, K., et al.
(författare)
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Transcutaneous oxygen pressure as a predictor for short-term survival in patients with type 2 diabetes and foot ulcers : a comparison with ankle–brachial index and toe blood pressure
- 2018
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Ingår i: Acta Diabetologica. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0940-5429 .- 1432-5233. ; 55:8, s. 781-788
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: Ankle–brachial index (ABI) is the most commonly used test when diagnosing peripheral vascular disease and is considered a marker for cardiovascular risk. Transcutaneous oxygen pressure (TcPO2), a test associated with microvascular function, has in several studies shown better correlation with diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) healing. Whether a low TcPO2 could be a marker for mortality in the high-risk population of DFU patients has not been evaluated before. The aim of this study was to evaluate the predictive value of TcPO2 in comparison with ABI and toe blood pressure (TBP) on 1-year mortality in type 2 diabetes patients with DFU. Methods: Type 2 diabetes patients aged ≤ 90 years, with one DFU who attended our multidisciplinary DFU-unit during year 2013–2015 and were screened with TcPO2, ABI and TBP were retrospectively evaluated. One-year mortality was assessed from the national death register in Sweden. Results: A total of 236 patients (30% women) with a median age of 76 (69–82) years were evaluated in this study. Within 1 year, 14.8% of the patients died. TcPO2 < 25 mmHg was associated with a higher 1-year mortality compared with TcPO2 ≥ 25 mmHg (27.7 vs. 11.6%, p = 0.003). TBP and ABI did not significantly influence 1-year mortality. In a Cox regression analysis adjusted for confounders, TcPO2 was independently predicting 1-year mortality with a hazard ratio for TcPO2 < 25 mmHg of 2.8 (95% CI 1.34–5.91, p = 0.006). Conclusions: This study indicates that a low TcPO2 is an independent prognostic marker for 1-year mortality among patients with type 2 diabetes and DFU.
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- Kenttä, Göran, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
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Monitoring mental health in Paralympic athletes – does it influence the coach-athlete relationship?
- 2022
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Ingår i: Proceedings from the 16<sup>th</sup> European Congress of Sport & Exercise Psychology (FEPSAC). - : FEPSAC. ; , s. 116-
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- While it is common to monitor elite athletes’ training load, recovery, injuries and medical health, mental health is rarely included (Vella et al., 2021). Scholars have reported that Paralympic athletes averaged higher levels of injuries and chronic illnesses (Fagher et al., 2020; Steffen et al., 2021). It is likely that a complex life situation together with pain often experienced by Paralympic athletes may cause stress and impact their lives outside sport. Thus, it is surprising that mental health struggles have been understudied in this population. The purpose of this study will be to examine how increased attention and awareness of athletes’ mental health influences the coach-athlete relationship. Self-report data will be collected weekly with winter Paralympic athletes (started August 2021) as part of a large-scale longitudinal project that will run over five years and include training load, physical and mental health, injuries and illness. Data will be screened and evaluated each week primarily by a physiotherapist and a sport psychologist, but coaches will also receive the weekly reports. Focus group interviews will be conducted following the 2022 Paralympic Games to address coach perceptions of the following themes: mental health problems associated to performance, team-selection, stigma and help-seeking behavior. Thematic analysis will be used to analyze the data. The results will be discussed with an emphasis on how coach awareness about their athletes’ mental health influences their coach-athlete relationship and potential consequences for performance issues. Moreover, applied implications of this study will be suggested to enhance the parasport environment.
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