| 1. |
- Bundschuh, Jochen, et al.
(författare)
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Arsenic in the human food chain : the Latin American perspective
- 2012
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Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0048-9697 .- 1879-1026. ; 429, s. 92-106
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Many regions of Latin America are widely reported for the occurrence of high arsenic (As) in groundwater and surface water due to a combination of geological processes and/or anthropogenic activities. In this paper, we review the available literature (both in English and Spanish languages) to delineate human As exposure pathways through the food chain. Numerous studies show that As accumulations in edible plants and crops are mainly associated with the presence of high As in soils and irrigation waters. However, factors such as As speciation, type and composition of soil, and plant species have a major control on the amount of As uptake. Areas of high As concentrations in surface water and groundwater show high As accumulations in plants, fish/shellfish, livestock meat, milk and cheese. Such elevated As concentrations in food may result in widespread health risks to local inhabitants, including health of indigenous populations and residents living close to mining industries. Some studies show that As can be transferred from the water to prepared meals, thereby magnifying the As content in the human diet. Arsenic speciation might also change during food preparation, especially during high temperature cooking, such as grilling and frying. Finally, the review of the available literature demonstrates the necessity of more rigorous studies in evaluating pathways of As exposure through the human food chain in Latin America.
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| 2. |
- Fagundes, Ticiane Cestari, et al.
(författare)
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Clinical evaluation of two packable posterior composites : a five-year follow-up
- 2009
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Ingår i: The Journal of the American Dental Association (1939). - 0002-8177 .- 1943-4723. ; 140:4, s. 447-54
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Research has suggested that packable resin-based composites inserted with a placement technique similar to amalgam condensation can reduce the sensitivity associated with posterior restorations. The authors evaluated the clinical performance, including associated sensitivity, of two packable composites in a randomized five-year clinical trial. METHODS: A single operator randomly placed two restorations in each of 33 patients: one restoration consisting of Alert (Jeneric/Pentron, Wallingford, Conn.) and the other consisting of SureFil (Dentsply/Caulk, Milford, Del.). There were 30 Class I and 36 Class II restorations. Two independent evaluators evaluated the restorations by using modified U.S. Public Health Service criteria. The authors analyzed data by means of the Fisher, chi(2) and McNemar tests at P < .05. RESULTS: Of 60 restorations evaluated at five years, two Class II restorations (one SureFil, one Alert) failed. All other restorations received the highest score possible for sensitivity and vitality. The only difference between the composites at the five-year recall was the significantly better surface texture of SureFil. The authors observed significantly different scores between the baseline and at five years for marginal discoloration (Alert and SureFil), surface texture (Alert and SureFil) and color (SureFil). CONCLUSIONS: Both packable resin-based composites showed excellent durability during the five-year follow-up. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: The investigated resin-based composites are suitable for posterior restorations.
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| 3. |
- Pinheiro, Bruno Botelho, et al.
(författare)
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Dacron Graft Intussusception Technique for Treatment of Type A Aortic Dissections : Technical Notes and Preliminary Results
- 2016
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Ingår i: Brazilian Journal of Cardiovascular Surgery. - : Sociedade Brasileira de Cirurgia Cardiovascular. - 0102-7638 .- 1678-9741. ; 31:2, s. 115-119
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Optimal surgical management for acute type A aortic dissection (AAAD) remains unclear. The in-hospital mortality rate is still high (15%), and the intraoperative bleeding is an independent risk factor for hospital mortality.Objective: The aim of our study was describe a new method for aortic anastomosis in the repair of AAAD and report the hospital mortality and bleeding complications.Methods: Between January 2008 and November 2014, 24 patients, 16 male, median age 62 years, underwent surgical treatment of AAAD. The surgical technique consisted of intussusception of a Dacron tube in the dissected aorta, which is anastomosed with a first line of 2-0 polyester everting mattress suture and a second line of 3-0 polypropylene running suture placed at the outermost side. Open distal anastomosis was performed with bilateral selective antegrade cerebral perfusion in 13 (54.1%) patients.Results: Cardiopulmonary bypass and aortic clamping time ranged from 75 to 135 min (mean= 85 min) and 60 to 100 min (mean= 67 min), respectively. The systemic circulatory arrest ranged from 29 to 60 min (mean=44.5 min). One (4.1%) patient required reoperation for bleeding, due to the use of preoperative clopidogrel. The postoperative bleeding was 382-1270 ml (mean= 654 ml). We used an average of 4.2 units of red blood cells/patient. There were two (8.3%) hospital deaths, one due to intraoperative bleeding and another due to mesenteric ischemia. The average length of stay in the intensive care unit and hospital was 44 hours and 6.7 days, respectively.Conclusion: This new method for surgical correction of AAAD was reproducible and resulted in satisfactory clinical outcomes.
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| 4. |
- Severo, J. H. F., et al.
(författare)
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Neoclassical ion transport in the edge of axially-symmetric arbitrary cross-section tokamak with plasma subsonic toroidal flows
- 2002
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Ingår i: Brazilian journal of physics. - 0103-9733 .- 1678-4448. ; 32:1, s. 13-19
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- General metrics of large aspect ratio tokamaks is used in the paper. General expressions for the neoclassical poloidal plasma rotation V-2(theta) and radial ion heat flux Gamma(Ti) are obtained. Their dependence 2 on the squared Mach number alpha = U-zetai(2)/c(5)(2) is analyzed (here U-zetai is the ion toroidal velocity and c(s) is the sound velocity, respectively). Some interesting peculiarities of this dependence are emphasized.
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