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- Fakih, M., et al.
(författare)
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SAFEPOWER project : Architecture for safe and power-efficient mixed-criticality systems
- 2017
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Ingår i: Microprocessors and microsystems. - : Elsevier. - 0141-9331 .- 1872-9436. ; 52, s. 89-105
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- With the ever increasing industrial demand for bigger, faster and more efficient systems, a growing number of cores is integrated on a single chip. Additionally, their performance is further maximized by simultaneously executing as many processes as possible without regarding their criticality. Even safety critical domains like railway and avionics apply these paradigms under strict certification regulations. As the number of cores is continuously expanding, the importance of cost-effectiveness grows. One way to increase the cost-efficiency of such System on Chip (SoC) is to enhance the way the SoC handles its power resources. By increasing the power efficiency, the reliability of the SoC is raised because the lifetime of the battery lengthens. Secondly, by having less energy consumed, the emitted heat is reduced in the SoC which translates into fewer cooling devices. Though energy efficiency has been thoroughly researched, there is no application of those power saving methods in safety critical domains yet. The EU project SAFEPOWER1.
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- Seyyedi, R., et al.
(författare)
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Towards virtual prototyping of synchronous real-time systems on noc-based MPSoCs
- 2017
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Ingår i: 2017 12th IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Embedded Systems, SIES 2017 - Proceedings. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 9781538631669 ; , s. 99-102
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- NoC-based designs provide a scalable and flexible communication solution for the rising number of processing cores on a single chip. To master the complexity of the software design in such a NoC-based multi-core architecture, advanced incremental integration testing solutions are required. This work presents a virtual platform based software testing and debugging approach for a synchronous application model on a NoC-based designs provide a scalable and flexible communication solution for the rising number of processing cores on a single chip. To master the complexity of the software design in such a NoC-based multi-core architecture, advanced incremental integration testing solutions are required. This work presents a virtual platform based software testing and debugging approach for a synchronous application model on a 2x2 NoC-based MPSoC. We propose a development approach and a test environment that exploits the time approximation within Imperas OVP instruction accurate simulator and a functional model of the Nostrum NoC, for both software instructions and hardware clock cycles at larger time stamps called Quantum that does not sacrifice functional correctness. The functional testing environment runs the target software without running it on the real hardware platform. With the help of Nostrum NoC we can support a synchronous system execution that is reasonably fast and precise with respect to a global synchronization signal, called HeartBeat. As work in progress, this work also discusses several possible timing refinement and their possible implication on the simulation semantics and performance and how it is tackled in the future work. NoC-based MPSoC. We propose a development approach and a test environment that exploits the time approximation within Imperas OVP instruction accurate simulator and a functional model of the Nostrum NoC, for both software instructions and hardware clock cycles at larger time stamps called Quantum that does not sacrifice functional correctness. The functional testing environment runs the target software without running it on the real hardware platform. With the help of Nostrum NoC we can support a synchronous system execution that is reasonably fast and precise with respect to a global synchronization signal, called HeartBeat. As work in progress, this work also discusses several possible timing refinement and their possible implication on the simulation semantics and performance and how it is tackled in the future work.
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- Fakih, Dalia, et al.
(författare)
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Attached stratified mucus separates bacteria from the epithelial cells in COPD lungs
- 2018
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Ingår i: Jci Insight. - : American Society for Clinical Investigation. - 2379-3708. ; 3:17
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The respiratory tract is normally kept essentially free of bacteria by cilia-mediated mucus transport, but in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and cystic fibrosis (CF), bacteria and mucus accumulates instead. To address the mechanisms behind the mucus accumulation, the proteome of bronchoalveolar lavages from COPD patients and mucus collected in an elastase-induced mouse model of COPD was analyzed, revealing similarities with each other and with the protein content in colonic mucus. Moreover, stratified laminated sheets of mucus were observed in airways from patients with CF and COPD and in elastase-exposed mice. On the other hand, the mucus accumulation in the elastase model was reduced in Muc5b-KO mice. While mucus plugs were removed from airways by washing with hypertonic saline in the elastase model, mucus remained adherent to epithelial cells. Bacteria were trapped on this mucus, whereas, in non-elastase-treated mice, bacteria were found on the epithelial cells. We propose that the adherence of mucus to epithelial cells observed in CF, COPD, and the elastase-induced mouse model of COPD separates bacteria from the surface cells and, thus, protects the respiratory epithelium.
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- Fakih, Dalia, et al.
(författare)
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Normal murine respiratory tract has its mucus concentrated in clouds based on the Muc5b mucin
- 2020
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Ingår i: American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology. - : American Physiological Society. - 1040-0605 .- 1522-1504. ; 318:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The organization of the normal airway mucus system differs in small experimental animals from that in humans and large mammals. To address normal murine airway mucociliary clearance, Alcian blue-stained mucus transport was measured ex vivo on tracheal tissues of naive C57BL/6, Muc5b(-/-), Muc5ac(-/-), and EGFP-tagged Muc5b reporter mice. Close to the larynx with a few submucosal glands, the mucus appeared as thick bundles. More distally in the trachea and in large bronchi, Alcian blue-stained mucus was organized in cloud-like formations based on the Muc5b mucin. On tilted tissue, the mucus clouds moved upward toward the larynx with an average velocity of 12 mu m/s compared with 20 mu m/s for beads not associated with clouds. In Muc5ac(-/-) mice, Muc5b formed mucus strands attached to the tissue surface, while in Muc5b(-/-) mice, Muc5ac had a more variable appearance. The normal mouse lung mucus thus appears as discontinuous clouds, clearly different from the stagnant mucus layer in diseased lungs.
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- Hoang, Oanh N, et al.
(författare)
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Mucins MUC5AC and MUC5B Are Variably Packaged in the Same and in Separate Secretory Granules.
- 2022
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Ingår i: American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine. - 1073-449X .- 1535-4970. ; 206:9, s. 1081-1095
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Rationale: MUC5AC (mucin 5AC, oligomeric gel-forming) and MUC5B (mucin 5B, oligomeric gel-forming) are the predominant secreted polymeric mucins in mammalian airways. They contribute differently to the pathogenesis of various muco-obstructive and interstitial lung diseases, and their genes are separately regulated, but whether they are packaged together or in separate secretory granules is not known. Objectives: To determine the packaging of MUC5AC and MUC5B within individual secretory granules in mouse and human airways under varying conditions of inflammation and along the proximal-distal axis. Methods: Lung tissue was obtained from mice stimulated to upregulate mucin production by the cytokines IL-1β and IL-13 or by porcine pancreatic elastase. Human lung tissue was obtained from donated normal lungs, biopsy samples of transplanted lungs, and explanted lungs from subjects with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. MUC5AC and MUC5B were labeled with antibodies from different animal species or, in mice only, by transgenic chimeric mucin-fluorescent proteins and imaged using widefield deconvolution or Airyscan fluorescence microscopy. Measurements and Main Results: In both mouse and human airways, most secretory granules contained both mucins interdigitating within the granules. Smaller numbers of granules contained MUC5B alone, and even fewer contained MUC5AC alone. Conclusions: MUC5AC and MUC5B are variably stored both in the same and in separate secretory granules of both mice and humans. The high fraction of granules containing both mucins under a variety of conditions makes it unlikely that their secretion can be differentially controlled as a therapeutic strategy. This work also advances knowledge of the packaging of mucins within secretory granules to understand mechanisms of epithelial stress in the pathogenesis of chronic lung diseases.
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