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- Asgharzadeh, Mohammadali, 1986-
(författare)
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Strain Gradient Plasticity Modelling of Precipitation Strengthening
- 2018
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The introduction of particles and precipitates into a matrix material results in strengthening effects. The two main mechanisms involved in this matter are referred to as Orowan and shearing. To numerically study this phenomenon is the motivation to the research done, which is presented here in this thesis. The heterogeneous microscale state of deformation in such materials brings in size scale effects into the picture. A strain gradient plasticity (SGP) theory is used to include effects of small scale plasticity. In addition, a new interface formulation is proposed which accounts for the particle-matrix interactions. By changing a key parameter, this interface model can mimic the level of coherency of particles, and hence is useful in studying different material systems.The governing equations and formulations are then implemented into an in-house SGP FEM program. The program is equipped with axi-symmetric and three-dimensional modelling capabilities. Different distributions of particles are considered, from which proper representative volume elements (RVEs) are constructed. These RVEs are then analyzed under different loadings, and homogenization methods are utilized to evaluate macroscopic response of the material. A quantity of interest is the increase in yield stress of material due to presence of particles and precipitates. Comprehensive parametric studies are carried out to study the effects of different parameters on the strengthening. A closed formsolution is obtained, which suggests the strengthening increases by increasing the surface area of particles per unit volume of material.The work done is presented in four appended papers. Paper A uses an axi-symmetric model to set the theoretical basis for the rest of the papers. Effects of different key parameters on the strengthening are studied and presented in this paper. Since the axisymmetric model is numerically cheap, an extensive amount of analyses are carried out. Paper B is about the expansion of the theory introduced in the first paper into 3D space. The micromechanical model is composed of a cuboid RVE with eight different particles, one at each corner. The inclusion of more than one particle is a key parameter in studying the effects of size distribution.The idea of having the most general micromechanical model is the theme of Paper C. Here, a completely random distribution of particles in 3D space is taken into account. In addition, the results of all carried out analyses are tested against experimental results from different material systems. Last paper, Paper D, summarizes a successful effort to include Shearing mechanism in the micromechanical model. The RVE is equipped withan embedded slip plane, and yet has the features introduced in previous papers. Hence, it has the ability to cover both strengthening mechanisms observed in precipitated materials.
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- Barsoum, Imad
(författare)
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Ductile failure and rupture mechanisms in combined tension and shear
- 2006
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This licentiate thesis is generally concerned with the ductile failure and rupture mechanisms encountered under combined tension and torsion loading. In the first part entitled Paper A, an experimental investigation of the rupture mechanisms in a mid-strength and a high strength steel was conducted employing a novel test configuration. The specimen used was a double notched tube specimen loaded in combined tension and torsion at a fixed ratio. The effective plastic strain, the stress triaxiality and the Lode parameter was determined in the centre of the notch at failure. Scanning electron microscopy of the fractured surfaces revealed two distinctively different ductile rupture mechanisms depending on the stress state. At high stress triaxiality the fractured surfaces were covered with large and deep dimples, suggesting that growth and internal necking of voids being the governing rupture mechanism. At low triaxiality it was found that the fractured surfaces were covered with elongated small shear dimples, suggesting internal void shearing being the governing rupture mechanism. In the fractured surfaces of the high-strength steel, regions with quasi-cleavage were also observed. The transition from the internal necking mechanism to the internal shearing mechanism was accompanied by a significant drop in ductility.In the second part entitled Paper B, a micromechanics model based on the theoretical framework of plastic localization into a band introduced by Rice is developed. The model employed consists of a planar band with a square array of equally sized cells, with a spherical void located in the centre of each cell. The periodic arrangement of the cells allows the study of a single unit cell for which fully periodic boundary conditions are applied. The micromechanics model is applied to analyze failure by ductile rupture in experiments on double notched tube specimens subjected to combined tension and torsion carried out by the present authors. The stress state is characterized in terms of the stress triaxiality and the Lode parameter. Two rupture mechanisms can be identified, void coalescence by internal necking at high triaxiality and void coalescence by internal shearing at low triaxiality. For the internal necking mechanism, failure is assumed to occur when the deformation localizes into a planar band and is closely associated with extensive void growth. For the internal shearing mechanism, a simple criterion based on the attainment of a critical value of shear deformation is utilized. The two failure criteria capture the transition between the two rupture mechanisms successfully and are in good agreement with the experimental result.
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