| 1. |
- Ceccato, Vania, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
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Crime in a Scandinavian Shopping Centre
- 2018. - 1
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Ingår i: Retail crime. - Cham : Palgrave Macmillan. - 9783319730653 ; , s. 179-203
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- he aim of this chapter is to understand the nature of crime in space and time in a shopping centre and provide suggestions for safety improvements drawing from principles of Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED). The study makes use of data registered by the security companies and three-dimensional visualisation using BIM (Building information modelling) to detect areas that run higher risk of crime using a shopping centre in Stockholm Sweden. Based on an extensive fieldwork inspection, the study assesses whether and how spatial and temporal concentrations of crime relate to particular features of the shopping environment. Finally, the chapter indicates the types of environments that are most in need of safety intervention.
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| 2. |
- Falk-Brynhildsen, Karin, 1959-, et al.
(författare)
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Bacterial colonization of the skin following aseptic preoperative preparation and impact of the use of plastic adhesive drapes
- 2013
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Ingår i: Biological Research for Nursing. - : SAGE Publications. - 1099-8004 .- 1552-4175. ; 15:2, s. 242-248
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Surgical site contamination, for example, with coagulase-negative staphylococci, probably derives from both the patient’s own skin flora and those of the surgical team. Despite preoperative antiseptic preparation with chlorhexidine solution, complete sterilization of the skin is not possible and gradual recolonization will occur. Plastic adhesive drape is an established method used to prevent direct wound contamination from adjacent skin. In this study, the time to skin recolonization after antiseptic preparation was measured and the impact of using plastic adhesive drape on this recolonization was evaluated. Repeated bacterial sampling using three different methods over 6 hr was conducted after antiseptic preparation in 10 volunteers. Recolonization of skin was observed after 30 min with plastic drape and after 60 min without plastic drape; there were significantly more positive cultures with the plastic drape than without (31% vs. 7.5%, respectively, p < .001). Sampling with a rayon swab was the most sensitive sampling method. In conclusion, covering the skin with a plastic adhesive drape seems to hasten recolonization of the skin after antiseptic preparation. However, clinical trials to confirm this finding are warranted.
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| 3. |
- Falk-Brynhildsen, Karin, 1959-, et al.
(författare)
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Bacterial growth and wound infection following saphenous vein harvesting in cardiac surgery : a randomized controlled trial of the impact of microbial sealant
- 2014
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Ingår i: European Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases. - : Springer. - 0934-9723 .- 1435-4373. ; 33:11, s. 1981-1987
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the present study was to compare microbial skin sealant versus bare skin on the leg regarding intraoperative bacterial presence in the surgical wound and time to recolonization of the adjacent skin at the saphenous vein harvesting site. A second aim was to evaluate the incidence of leg wound infection 2 months after surgery. In this randomized controlled trial, 140 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) between May 2010 and October 2011 were enrolled. Bacterial samples were taken preoperatively and intraoperatively at multiple time points and locations. OF the patients, 125 (92.6 %) were followed up 2 months postoperatively regarding wound infection. Intraoperative bacterial growth did not differ between the bare skin (n = 68) and the microbial skin sealant group (n = 67) at any time point. At 2 months postoperatively, 7/61 patients (11.5 %) in the skin sealant versus 14/64 (21.9 %) in the bare skin group (p = 0.120) had been treated with antibiotics for a verified or suspected surgical site infection (SSI) at the harvest site. We found almost no intraoperative bacterial presence on the skin or in the subcutaneous tissue, irrespective of microbial skin sealant use. In contrast, we observed a relatively high incidence of late wound infection, indicating that wound contamination occurred postoperatively. Further research is necessary to determine whether the use of microbial skin sealant reduces the incidence of leg wound infection at the saphenous vein harvest site.
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| 4. |
- Falk-Brynhildsen, Karin, 1959-, et al.
(författare)
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Bacterial recolonization of the skin and wound contamination during cardiac surgery : a randomized controlled trial of the use of plastic adhesive drape compared with bare skin
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Hospital Infection. - London, United Kingdom : Saunders Elsevier. - 0195-6701 .- 1532-2939. ; 84:2, s. 151-158
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Sternal wound infection after cardiac surgery is a serious complication. Various perioperative strategies, including plastic adhesive drapes, are used to reduce bacterial contamination of surgical wounds.Aim: To compare plastic adhesive drape to bare skin regarding bacterial growth in wound and time to recolonization of the adjacent skin intraoperatively, in cardiac surgery patients.Methods: This single-blinded randomized controlled trial (May 2010 to May 2011) included 140 patients scheduled for cardiac surgery via median sternotomy. The patients were randomly allocated to the adhesive drape (chest covered with plastic adhesive drape) or bare skin group. Bacterial samples were taken preoperatively and intraoperatively every hour during surgery until skin closure.Results: Disinfection with 0.5% chlorhexidine solution in 70% alcohol decreased coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS), while the proportion colonized with Propionibacterium acnes was not significantly reduced and was still present in more than 50% of skin samples. P. acnes was significantly more common in men than in women. Progressive bacterial recolonization of the skin occurred within 2-3 h. At 120 min there were significantly more positive cultures in the adhesive drape group versus bare skin group for P. acnes (63% vs 44%; P = 0.034) and for CoNS (45% vs 24%; P = 0.013). The only statistically significant difference in bacterial growth in the surgical wound was higher proportion of CoNS at the end of surgery in the adhesive drape group (14.7% vs 4.4%; P = 0.044).Conclusion: Plastic adhesive drape does not reduce bacterial recolonization. P. acnes colonized men more frequently, and was not decreased by disinfection with chlorhexidine solution in alcohol.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Falk-Brynhildsen, Karin, 1959-
(författare)
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The effect of peroperative skin preparation on bacterial growth during cardiac surgery
- 2013
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Routine products are used and procedures are followed in order to prevent and minimize the bacterial contamination of the surgical wound, and thus reduce the risk of postoperative wound infections. The overall aim of this thesis was to investigate the effect of different preoperative skin preparation before cardiac surgery.In study I, 10 healthy volunteers were compared in time to recolonization of the skin and bacterial growth with or without plastic adhesive drape. Bacterial samples were taken as paired samples on both side of the sternum. Plastic drape on disinfected skin seems to hasten recolonization compared with bare skin.In study II, 135 cardiac surgery patients were comparing plastic adhesive drape versus bare skin on the chest regarding intra-operative bacterial growth. Plastic adhesive drape did not reduce the bacterial recolonization or wound contamination, P. acnes colonizes males more often than females and P. acnes is not affected by disinfection with 0.5% chlorhexidine in ethanol.Study III, compared the leg harvesting site with or without microbal skin sealant in 135 CABG patients regarding intraoperative bacterial growth and postoperative wound infection. Almost no bacterial growth was found during surgery regardless of the use of microbial skin sealant and bare skin. A high incidence of postoperative wound infections (16.8%) in 2 month follow up was present and SSI was largely caused by S. aureus, i.e. other bacterial species than observed intraoperative.Study IV, a descriptive study using phenotypic and genotypic methods investigate susceptibility to chlorhexidine among S. epidermidis indicating that S. epidermidis isolates following preoperative skin disinfection are sensitive tochlorhexidine.
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| 7. |
- Falk, Örjan
(författare)
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Aggressive Antisocial Behavior: Risk Factors and Personality Profile
- 2016
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: There is an increasing knowledge that violent criminality is restricted to a group of individuals with early onset of behavioral problems. These problems often emerge in combination with substance abuse and evolve into an antisocial personality disorder when the individual reaches adulthood. This type of multifaceted problem can be defined as aggressive antisocial behavior (AAB). Aim: The aims of this thesis were to determine the occurrence of AAB in the Swedish nation-wide general population, investigate the risk factors of AAB, identify the personality profile of individuals with AAB, and study the association between personality traits and level of AAB. Methods and results: In a Swedish register study on violent crime convictions (1973–2004), including 2.5 million individuals, 4 % of the population was convicted at least once for a violent crime (AAB), of which almost one in four were persistent. They were characterized by male gender (90 %), early onset of criminality, personality disorders, substance use disorders, and a high rate of criminal recidivism. In two cross-sectional prison studies all study groups showed a common personality pattern, as measured by the Temperament and Character Inventory, deviating highly from the general population. Females were more deviant than males, and showed evidence of a stronger association between their personality and measures of trait aggression. A similar pattern in 9 and 12 year old children with AAB was found in a register study of Swedish twins, but with less pronounced gender differences. A salient pattern of low character maturity (Self-Directedness and Cooperativeness) combined with an extreme temperament (high Novelty Seeking and low Reward Dependence) emerged in all groups, where impulsiveness, sensation seeking and disorderliness together with detachment, insensitivity and independence from others were associated to AAB. Conclusion: A mature character with strong self-governance and capability to cooperate meaningfully with others emerged as important protective factors against AAB, which is why these personality traits appear to be promising targets for interventions.
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| 8. |
- Falk, Örjan, et al.
(författare)
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Personality and trait aggression profiles of male and female prison inmates
- 2017
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Ingår i: Psychiatry Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0165-1781 .- 1872-7123. ; 250, s. 302-307
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Gender specific personality profiles in association with the level of aggressive antisocial behavior in offenders have not been previously investigated. In the present study we analyzed data collected from 65 male and 50 female offenders using structured protocols regarding criminal history (by criminal register data), trait aggression (by the Life History of Aggression (LHA) questionnaire), and personality profiles (by the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI)). Prison inmates differed significantly on several personality dimensions, most pronouncedly were they characterized with low character maturity (low scores in the Self-Directedness and Cooperativeness dimensions of TCI) when compared to gender and age matched controls of the general population. The majority of offenders scored distinctively high on trait aggression. There were moderate to strong associations between the personality dimensions and each of the subscales of LHA (Aggression, Self-directed Aggression and Antisocial behavior). These associations were stronger in the female offender sample. Trait aggression could be best explained by a model, which included male gender, younger age, high novelty seeking temperament and low character maturity. Our results suggest that therapies aiming at strengthening self-governance and increasing cooperativeness (focusing on character maturity) may alleviate aggressive antisocial behavior in offenders.
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| 9. |
- Falk, Örjan, et al.
(författare)
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The 1 % of the population accountable for 63 % of all violent crime convictions
- 2014
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Ingår i: Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0933-7954 .- 1433-9285. ; 49:4, s. 559-571
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose Population-based studies on violent crime and background factors may provide an understanding of the relationships between susceptibility factors and crime. We aimed to determine the distribution of violent crime convictions in the Swedish population 1973-2004 and to identify criminal, academic, parental, and psychiatric risk factors for persistence in violent crime. Method The nationwide multi-generation register was used with many other linked nationwide registers to select participants. All individuals born in 1958-1980 (2,393,765 individuals) were included. Persistent violent offenders (those with a lifetime history of three or more violent crime convictions) were compared with individuals having one or two such convictions, and to matched non-offenders. Independent variables were gender, age of first conviction for a violent crime, nonviolent crime convictions, and diagnoses for major mental disorders, personality disorders, and substance use disorders. Results A total of 93,642 individuals (3.9 %) had at least one violent conviction. The distribution of convictions was highly skewed; 24,342 persistent violent offenders (1.0 % of the total population) accounted for 63.2 % of all convictions. Persistence in violence was associated with male sex (OR 2.5), personality disorder (OR 2.3), violent crime conviction before age 19 (OR 2.0), drug-related offenses (OR 1.9), nonviolent criminality (OR 1.9), substance use disorder (OR 1.9), and major mental disorder (OR 1.3). Conclusions The majority of violent crimes are perpetrated by a small number of persistent violent offenders, typically males, characterized by early onset of violent criminality, substance abuse, personality disorders, and nonviolent criminality.
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| 10. |
- Hamlin, Matilda, et al.
(författare)
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Changes in Psychiatric Inpatient Service Utilization During the First and Second Waves of the COVID-19 Pandemic
- 2022
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Psychiatry. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-0640. ; 13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The COVID-19 pandemic has caused societal restrictions and public fear which may have impacted the pattern of seeking psychiatric care. There has generally been a decrease in the numbers seeking acute psychiatric care. It is important to investigate which groups seeking psychiatric treatment have decreased in number. The aim of our investigation was to identify which groups have a changed pattern in acute psychiatric service utilization during the first two waves of the COVID-19 pandemic. The study investigated changes in the rate and pattern of visits and hospital admissions for psychiatric disorders at a large Swedish hospital. A register-based study was conducted using administrative data on adult psychiatric emergency department visits (PEVs) and hospital admission rates. Data during the first two COVID-19 waves were compared to corresponding control periods in 2018-2019. Furthermore, a survey was performed among patients visiting the Psychiatric Emergency Department on their views of COVID-19 and acute psychiatric care. During the COVID-19 periods, PEVs were reduced overall by 16 and 15% during the first and second wave, respectively (p < 0.001 in both cases), while the rate of admissions remained unaltered. PEVs were significantly reduced for most psychiatric diagnosis subgroups except for patients with schizophrenia and other related psychotic disorders as well as for those who required ongoing outpatient care. Most of the survey respondents disagreed that the pandemic affected their visit and about a quarter thought a video call with a doctor could have replaced their visit. In conclusion, there was a significant reduction in overall PEVs during both COVID-19 waves but this did not affect the numbers requiring admission for psychiatric inpatient care.
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